まē 讽玡瓣悔墩陪帝疭┖琌≧パ瓣籔瓣ぇ丁瓣ず锣簿硂碞繵繵玻ネ瓣ず現舦Ыㄒ2011尿さ痹ㄈず驹履紈現┎の克現┎チ舱麓籔は癸ぇ丁脄祇約獂≧は癸Θミ¨痹ㄈは癸㎝㏑秖瓣羛幅〃㎝¨痹ㄈ羬現┎〃現獀舱麓Θミ¨パ痹ㄈ瓁〃猌杆秖砆┰瓣產羛幅㎝芖┰瓣產〆穦の57瓣レ吹孽舱麓┯粄痹ㄈ猭τ履紈現┎ご礛尿莉眔レ玐霉吹㎝兢ぺ灌痷囊現獀の瓁ㄆや2014ソ尿さ瓁ㄆ現跑のず驹璊峨玵瓁苯亢羆参┎烩常履ê祇羘タΑ钡恨癸瓣產北τ現┎よ羆参瓆発叉璊峨猌杆舱麓硁窽玡┕ㄈガ盢ㄈ羬常莉眔芖┰瓣產〆穦瓣產や硂ㄇンい常瓣ず璝稦墩薄猵硂ㄇ墩┪琌赣瓣現┎┪ㄣΤ癸烩恨北┪眔瓣悔穦﹚粄㎝や 瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い穝甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩碞は琈¨≧瓣ずて〃┮盿ㄓ猭皘ゼ纯笿筁挂讽瓣ず現舦現舦镑赣瓣把籔禗砠現┎舦拜肈瓣悔ㄆ猭皘浪诡﹛币笆/ぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚и矗ㄑσ诡硂拜肈材も瞷Τゅ膍﹟礚癸硂ㄢ薄墩秈︽癚阶セゅ璶ヘ琌癸猭皘ゅ㎝ㄆン璉春秈︽瞶籔灿璓だ猂膀娄掸盢碞ㄤい留瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い現┎舦拜肈秈︽贝癚赣拜肈獶猭皘Θミ碞Ττ琌繦帝瓣悔墩跑てτ玻ネ瞷Τ╯碭⊿Τ掸竒だ猂祇瞷瓣悔ㄆ猭皘矪瞶現┎舦拜肈籔羛瓣闽ミ初羛╰硂疉の瓣悔ㄆ猭皘籔羛瓣闽╰硂揭肈τ瞷Τ╯ㄢ闽╰ゅ膍常Ы獻菠竜矗ユ薄墩单霉皑砏ゅ砏﹚ㄆ兜璝獶瞏瓣悔ㄆ猭皘龟筋ぷㄤ琌甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩单程穝龟筋螟祇谋瓣悔ㄆ猭皘現┎舦ㄆ兜㎝羛瓣闽羛硂琌セゅ種竡㎝承穝ぇ癸瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い現┎舦拜肈だ猂盢Τи瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸瓣悔㎝キ籔墩跑て琌莱癸パ玻ネ猭㎝現獀拜肈 瓣產瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い笆 沮瓣悔ㄆ猭皘砏(虏嘿霉皑砏)瓣產瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い笆だㄢ摸摸琌籔ㄣ砰ン禗砠钡闽笆(セゅ嘿ㄤ¨禗砠笆〃)珹絣瓣矗ユ薄墩(材13兵材1蹿㎝材14兵)獶絣瓣羘钡猭皘恨烈舦(材12兵材3蹿)借好猭皘恨烈舦┪ン瞶┦(材18兵材4蹿㎝材19兵)钡羬秂┪秂簿ユ叫―惫琁秂Τ闽(材59兵)腀钡砆糹︽畕砫ヴ(材103兵)磅︽籃┪⊿Μ(材109兵)单摸琌籔ㄣ砰ン禗砠ぃ钡闽笆珹﹚デ竜璶ン单砏玥(材9兵材1蹿)矗㎝匡羭猭﹛(材36兵)砞ミ㎝恨瞶獺Λ膀(材79兵)单 セゅ癚阶現┎舦拜肈の籔闽瓣產戈拜肈璶は琈瓣產(パ現┎)羘钡猭皘恨烈舦㎝瓣產(パ現┎)矗ユ薄墩硂ㄢ兜笆い玡琌獶絣瓣把籔禗砠笆耬琌絣瓣┪羘钡猭皘恨烈舦獶絣瓣秨币ン糵瞶措笵猭皘硂ㄢ摸ㄆ兜∕穦伐紇臫瓣產┪現┎把籔禗砠 瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸現┎舦耞皐癸甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩σ诡 甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩常祇ネ瓣ず猌杆≧㎝瓣ず現舦璉春ウ倒瓣悔ㄆ猭皘盿ㄓ穝珼驹讽瓣ず現舦現舦镑赣瓣矗ユ薄墩┪羘钡猭皘恨烈舦現┎舦拜肈セゅ盢眖甁の薄墩祇σ诡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘耞現┎舦ミ初㎝隔掸盢往睲薄㎝掉ゅ膀娄猭皘だ猂簗瑌处ボ猭皘篈みㄌ沮癸パ甁の薄墩まビㄓτ猭皘⊿Τ莱拜肈掸盢挡い獶材薄墩秈︽沽刚┦だ猂だ猂眔挡阶盢眏掸碞瓣悔ㄆ猭皘耞現┎舦篈瞦稱 ()甁の薄墩 1.薄の∕ 20126る30ら甁のチ匡羆参縫╱纐紈縫焊﹁(Mohamed Morsi)20136る30ら縫焊﹁磅現㏄ぇ悔甁の脄祇砏家村︽ボ砛チ渤ぃ骸縫焊﹁ヴず癸現獀竒蕾㎝穦拜肈矪瞶よΑ璶―崩陆縫焊﹁現舦矗玡羭︽羆参匡羭7る4ら甁の瓁よ秆埃縫焊﹁羆参戮叭ヴ㏑甁の程蔼舅猭猭皘皘紈扒耙默焊(Adly Mansour)羬羆参 201312る13ら縫焊﹁のパ籔タ竡囊(嘿¨ビ叫〃)沮霉皑砏材12兵材3蹿瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癘矪矗ユ羘钡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸20136る1ら癬祇ネ甁の烩デ竜︽恨烈舦[1]癘矪繦盢羘肚患浪诡﹛快そ20144る23ら浪诡﹛竒˙糵琩┶荡币笆秸琩瞶パ琌ビ叫ぃㄣΤ甁の笷钡セ猭皘恨烈舦ゲ璶舦┪场舦(full powers)浪诡﹛秈˙だ猂粄羛瓣搂猾㎝羛蹈矪¨瓣產じ現┎福籔ユ场场〃(The UN Protocol List)陪ボ20137る甁のヴ㏑穝羆参(紈扒耙默焊Adly Mansour)㎝穝羆瞶(ī匠┰蝴Hazem El-Beblawi)12る羛瓣穦钡甁の穝ユ场(猭划μNabil Fahmy)瓣硂常羛瓣Θ瓣ぃ粄縫焊﹁現┎琌甁の羛瓣現┎懦羛瓣玂恨霉皑砏硂ョ種帝縫焊﹁20137る癬ぃ镑甁の瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ユビ叫荷恨獶瑆羛幅栋砰┶荡┯粄甁の穝現┎硂ぃ单膥尿┯粄縫焊﹁現舦¨Τ北〃(effective control)玥[2]浪诡﹛だ猂粄パ縫焊﹁現┎礚阶帽竝羘临琌矗ユ羘常ぃㄣΤ癸甁のヴ烩Τ北セぃ妮ㄣΤΤ北現舦籔玂痙瓣悔兵絣挡現舦(耙默焊現舦)ぃ璓薄[3] 20145る23らビ叫沮猭皘兵ㄒ材46兵材2蹿材3蹿叫―皘㎝/┪箇糵だ畑畑だ箇糵だ畑莱舦糵琩浪诡﹛ぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚[4]9る1らビ叫Ω矗ユ糵琩叫―瞶パ琌皘6る6ら┶荡ビ叫糵琩叫―獺赣∕﹚琌パ皘縒箇糵だ畑畑⊿Τ把籔σ納[5]9る10ら箇糵だ畑畑∕﹚盢糵琩叫―だ皌倒材箇糵だ畑[6]9る12ら材箇糵だ畑程沧∕﹚懦浪诡﹛20144る23らぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚琌沮霉皑砏材51兵材1蹿材a兜沮霉皑砏材53兵材3蹿材a兜パ霉皑砏材51兵材1蹿材a兜∕﹚度ㄌ材14兵矗ユ薄墩絣瓣┪ㄌ材13兵材2蹿矗ユ薄墩瞶ㄆ穦矗叫―薄猵箇糵だ畑狡ぃぉσ納ビ叫糵琩叫―[7] 2.猭拜肈だ猂 甁の薄墩璶疉の瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い現┎舦拜肈赣癸拜肈だ猂场ㄓ浪诡﹛ぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚荷恨ぇビ叫矗糵琩浪诡﹛∕﹚叫―箇糵だ畑⊿Τ癸∕﹚い龟借拜肈秈︽糵琩τ琌膀祘ㄆ兜婚ビ叫禗― 浪诡﹛ぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚矗兜瞶パ掸盢硋癸ㄤ秈︽だ猂秆弄浪诡﹛阶靡隔ㄤい留拜肈 材浪诡﹛∕﹚璶ㄌ沮琌縫焊﹁現┎ぃㄣΤ甁の场舦闽¨场舦〃竡浪诡﹛ㄌ沮琌蝴兵猭そ材2兵材1蹿材c兜㎝材7兵材1蹿い闽¨舦靡(full powers)〃秆睦の羛瓣猭臮拜舦靡玭(Full Powers Guidelines)[8]沮硂ㄇゅン舦靡琌瓣恨讽Ы┮箋祇┪计赣瓣酵某﹚┪粄靡兵ゅボ赣瓣種兵╇┪ЧΘΤ闽兵ぇヴㄤ︽ぇゅン赣﹚竡琌¨恨讽Ы〃(competent authority)薄猵浪喷(礛)镑赣瓣⊿Τ秆∕耞¨恨讽Ы〃拜肈τタ琌セ┮疉のみ拜肈 材浪诡﹛矗¨瓣產じ現┎福籔ユ场场〃粄硂絋ボ┮Τ羛瓣Θ瓣常ぃ粄縫焊﹁現┎镑甁の浪诡﹛ēぇ種琌宽碻羛瓣碞現┎舦耞猭呸胯羛瓣耞現┎舦籔Θ瓣∕﹚琌┯粄赣現┎琌单盾浪诡﹛∕﹚い┛跌┪睼瞔硂翴莱讽粄現┎┯粄拜肈籔瓣悔舱麓い現┎舦拜肈ぃ荷瘤礛ㄢ常闽疉絋粄現舦ㄣΤ瓣產戈㎝舦玡琌琘瓣產癸瓣ず現舦┦絋粄疉の瓣現┎琌腀種籔赣現舦秨甶ユ笆τ琌瓣悔舱麓癸瓣ず現舦┦絋粄疉の赣現舦瓣悔舱麓笆琌单瓣產︽瓣悔舱麓癸瓣ず現舦┦絋粄Τ砆嘿¨栋砰┯粄〃(collective recognition)[9]硂ぃ莱籔現┎┯粄睼瞔羛瓣ō┮ēパ羛瓣琂獶瓣產ョ獶現┎┮ぃㄣΤ┯粄瓣產┪現┎[10]羛瓣矪1950祇ガ称а魁い某現┎舦拜肈ぃ莱籔┯粄拜肈羛╰癬ㄓ矪¨砮龟筋ㄏΘ瓣絋ㄢ翴(1)Θ瓣タ讽щ布钡ウ┮ぃ┯粄┪籔ぇ⊿Τユ闽╰現┎㎝(2)硂妓щ布ぃ┯粄種ぃ琌ボ腀種ミユ闽╰〃[11]硂羛瓣钡琘現┎舦ぃ单Θ瓣┯粄赣現┎眖硂種竡量甁の薄墩い浪诡﹛沮¨瓣產じ現┎福籔ユ场场〃耞ē¨┮Τ羛瓣Θ瓣常ぃ粄縫焊﹁現┎镑甁の〃琌﹚拜肈硂ぃЙ锚浪诡﹛笷宽碻羛瓣耞種 材浪诡﹛だ猂粄羛瓣玂恨霉皑砏種帝縫焊﹁ぃ镑甁のユ硂呸胯ョ眔崩篤よビ叫籔羘钡猭皘恨烈舦琌ㄢㄆ玡琌ユ玂恨诀闽羛瓣[12]τ琌盚羘癘矪[13]セ┮闽疉琌羘钡猭皘恨烈舦τ獶ビ叫浪诡﹛瞶パΤㄇ皑ぃのよビ叫籔羘钡猭皘恨烈舦絋龟羛╰霉皑砏材12兵材3蹿い¨瓣產〃莱讽籔材12兵材1蹿い¨瓣產〃秆睦镑霉皑砏瓣產ョ镑羘钡猭皘恨烈舦[14]沮娩兵玂恨诀闽龟筋羆挡瓣產(パ現┎)霉皑砏戈パ玂恨诀闽羛瓣ㄌ沮羛瓣穦龟筋ㄓ耞[15]セい縫焊﹁現┎竒ぃ砆羛瓣粄薄猵琂甁のビ叫霉皑そ戈甁の羘钡猭皘恨烈舦戈浪诡﹛盢¨羛瓣玂恨霉皑砏〃﹚縫焊﹁現┎舦瞶パ眖瞶量琌︽崩阶縫焊﹁甁のビ叫霉皑砏戈τ獶羘钡猭皘恨烈舦戈菠Τろ 埃瓃兜瞶パ浪诡﹛ぃ币笆秸琩∕﹚い临阶のΤ北拜肈浪诡﹛沮Τ北﹚竡浪喷縫焊﹁現┎薄猵粄縫焊﹁現┎帽竝羘㎝矗ユ羘АぃΤ北ぃㄣΤΤ北現舦籔玂痙瓣悔兵絣挡現舦ぃ璓薄赣拜肈セいゼΘヴ翴礛τ┻秨甁の薄墩ㄣ砰薄猵Τㄢ瓣悔猭拜肈眔σ(1)讽Τ北現舦籔瓣悔粄現舦(跌羛瓣粄現舦)ぃ璓琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ㄣΤ舦現┎(2)Τ北耞翴琌帽竝羘临琌矗ユ羘癸掸盢挡い獶㎝瓣材薄墩秈︽沽刚┦だ猂 羆ㄓ弧浪诡﹛現┎舦拜肈瞷癸羛瓣篈伐碙荷恨浪诡﹛⊿Τ絋弧赣拜肈パ羛瓣ㄓ耞ㄤ∕﹚龟借常羛瓣ミ初 ()い獶㎝瓣材薄墩 1.薄の∕ い獶㎝瓣琌チ壁瓣產2001癬現獀笆亢㎝猌杆≧磐笆帝硂瓣200110るい獶㎝瓣Θ霉皑砏絣瓣20128るは現┎猌杆舱麓¨峨筽(Séléka)〃瞷ㄤ狥场縫吹狶㎝ㄤぃ骸ヴ羆参ケニ痴霍緼喘笷(Francois Bozizé Yangouvonda)壁盖刮砰12る峨筽祇笆瓁ㄆ現跑眔癸い獶㎝瓣烩北20133る峨筽烩常痁崩陆現┎痴霍緼砆硋4るい獶瓣筁寸〆穦(羬某穦)Θミ8る峨筽烩旧μ凡焊踌Λ瓆ㄈ(Michel Djotodia)碞ヴ羬羆参9る踌Λ瓆ㄈガ秆床峨筽场だ砆い獶㎝瓣猌杆场钉(CAR Armed Force)场だ┶荡耴峨筽ごㄆ龟20141る10らい獶瓣筁寸〆穦Νら挡≧∕﹚秆埃踌Λ瓆ㄈ羆参戮踌Λ瓆ㄈ繦勉戮1る20らい獶瓣筁寸〆穦崩匡痁カ惩锋礩ぺ硷‵(Catherine Samba -Panza)羬羆参[16] 礛τ﹙ぇ丁忌︽笆⊿Τ踌Λ瓆ㄈヴτ沧ゎ20147る峨筽烩旧穦某ヴ㏑踌Λ瓆ㄈ赣舱麓現獀Ы畊篒20148る筁寸現┎(硷‵現舦)痁跋ご秖恨北峨筽い獶㎝瓣16い8玂北祇揣現┎[17] 20145る30ら硷‵現舦(ビ叫)浪诡﹛矗ユ薄墩叫―浪诡﹛秸琩20128る1ら癬祇ネい獶㎝瓣烩デ竜︽[18]9る24ら浪诡﹛∕﹚币笆秸琩[19] 2.猭拜肈だ猂 浪诡﹛浪琩ン恨烈舦瞶┦㎝猭痲眔挡阶∕﹚币笆秸琩浪诡﹛⊿Τ碞現┎舦┪瓣產戈拜肈秨甶癚阶挡ン璉春癸ゑ甁の薄墩Τ碭翴眔贝癚 ビ叫琌ㄣΤ癸い獶㎝瓣Τ北ぃ絋浪诡﹛薄墩厨陪ボ硷‵現舦痁跋秖恨北τパ玡ヴ羆参踌Λ瓆ㄈ踞ヴ現獀Ы畊峨筽い獶㎝瓣16い8玂北祇揣現┎狦沮¨Τ北〃﹚竡硷‵現舦ぃㄣΤ参獀箇戳㎝癸瓣场だ烩北螟砆蝶基Τ┦現┎ê或ぐ或硷‵現舦镑砆瓣悔ㄆ猭皘粄﹚ㄣΤい獶㎝瓣把籔禗砠笆戈㎡ 硷‵現舦琌砆羛瓣粄現舦иラ甁の薄墩い浪诡﹛ㄓ琩綷羛瓣¨瓣產じ現┎福籔ユ场场〃祇瞷20137る18ら癬い獶㎝瓣筁寸戳瓣產じ硷‵[20]瘤礛眖腨呸胯àㄓ量ぃ眖硷‵現舦砆羛瓣粄㎝砆瓣悔ㄆ猭皘粄碞眔瓣悔ㄆ猭皘琌宽碻羛瓣耞挡甁の薄墩㎝ゅ盢瓃ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩Τ瞶パ獺赣兜琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘﹚硷‵現舦ㄣΤ戈璶ㄌ沮 狦Θミ盢秆∕パ甁の薄墩ま拜肈讽Τ北現舦籔羛瓣粄現舦ぃ璓琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ㄣΤ舦現┎璶氮硂拜肈ゲ斗セ薄猵疭┦硷‵現舦琌筁寸現┎[21]筁寸現┎硄盽琌パ驹┪ㄤ疭τタΑ現┎﹟ゼ玻ネ玡羬舱パ瓣現獀秖舱Θ現┎丁ΤΝ剪妮┦癸烩北盽盽﹟ぃㄣ称癸挂Τ北眖硂種竡量ぃ莱甅ノ¨Τ北〃夹浪喷筁寸現┎┦拜肈絋粄現舦ㄣΤ瓣產戈㎝舦拜肈籔¨Τ北〃夹临Τ¨Λぺ竡/タ参竡(Tobar Doctrine/Doctrine of Legitimacy)〃[22]¨磅現猭┦〃[23]单羛瓣硂拜肈龟筋陪ボΤ北獶絋粄琘現舦Τ礚舦∕﹚┦ㄒ1991竒パ匡羭玻ネ吹甫紈羆参砆瓁牡現舦崩陆荷恨穝現舦Ч北琌瓣悔穦や吹甫紈┶荡┯粄ㄆ龟現┎猭┦は临硋˙糤掉1994吹甫紈穝磝搐舦[24]200410る皑筁寸現┎Θミ200612る筁寸現┎甁峨玐ゑㄈ瓁钉や阑检は現┎猌杆羛幅眔癸常の㏄娩跋北ごゼ龟瞷癸皑挂Τ北[25]20119る16ら羛瓣穦щ布硄筁ゑㄈ瓣筁寸〆穦眔ゑㄈ羛瓣穦畊∕某[26]荷恨ゑㄈ瓣筁寸〆穦ㄆ龟参獀﹟ゼЧミ掸粄筁寸現┎薄¨Τ北〃耞現┎舦拜肈璶┦硷‵現舦獽砆粄﹚ぃㄣΤ癸い獶㎝瓣Τ北ぃ穦砆﹚瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い獶㎝瓣把籔禗砠笆戈ㄤ砆羛瓣粄硂碞场だ氮膀甁の薄墩τまビㄓ拜肈筁寸現┎薄い讽Τ北現舦籔羛瓣粄現舦ぃ璓瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ㄣΤ舦現┎琌羛瓣粄現舦 ()挡籔┑ 甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩砰瞷瓣悔ㄆ猭皘耞琘現舦琌ㄣΤ瓣把籔禗砠笆戈膀セ宽碻羛瓣ミ初篈瓣悔ㄆ猭皘硂妓暗琌竡叭临琌パ掉秖挡狦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘籔羛瓣闽╰琌ぐ或 瓣悔ㄆ猭皘籔羛瓣闽╰璶砰瞷霉皑砏材15兵瓣悔ㄆ猭皘㎝羛瓣丁闽╰﹚酵(虏嘿闽╰﹚)ē材3兵㎝材5兵いよ闽╰﹚ē┮瓃籔羛瓣╰参闽╰瓣悔ㄆ猭皘琌縒ミ盽砞诀篶よ霉皑砏材15兵砏﹚浪诡﹛だ猂戈∕﹚琌币笆秸琩叫―羛瓣诀篶矗ㄑ秈˙戈硂ㄇ戈瞶阶珹羛瓣Τ闽現┎舦ゅン¨瓣產じ現┎福籔ユ场场〃赣兵ゅ⊿Τ浪诡﹛斗祘把σ羛瓣诀篶戈璶―パǎ浪诡﹛甁の薄墩い暗猭璶琌パ掉秖挡狦 闽╰﹚材3兵砏﹚よ獽Τ糹︽砫ヴ羛瓣㎝瓣悔ㄆ猭皘盢皍薄┘ぇ丁盞ち碞闽みㄆ兜玹高癸よ種ǎ赣﹚材5兵砏﹚羛瓣㎝瓣悔ㄆ猭皘莱荷秖龟瞷程祘Μ栋だ猂そガ㎝肚冀籔闽みㄆ兜Τ闽戈よ磷ぃゲ璶狡皍薄絋玂硂ㄇ戈荷Τノ㎝荷眔ノ硂¨籔闽みㄆ兜Τ闽戈〃(information relating to matters of mutual interest)璶琌霉皑砏糵琩穦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い禗砠の瓣悔猭皘闽ㄆ﹜单よ戈[27]羛瓣Τ闽現┎舦ゅン琌妮¨籔闽みㄆ兜Τ闽戈〃τ蛮よ丁肚患琌好拜ぃ筁獽粄羛瓣Τ闽現┎舦ゅン妮¨籔闽みㄆ兜Τ闽戈〃瓣悔ㄆ猭皘Τ¨玹高〃㎝¨荷ノ〃猔種⊿Τ腨宽碻竡叭 荷恨瓣悔ㄆ猭皘龟筋临琌宽碻羛瓣耞篈眖瞶阶だ猂宽碻暗猭Τ痲矪㎝ゲ璶眖较ネぇ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸碞琌羛瓣いみ羛瓣舅彻膀娄猭ゅン瓣悔砰╰硂¨舅現〃い狦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ぃ宽碻羛瓣ミ初瓣悔ㄆ猭皘螟莉眔瓣悔穦や硂盢ㄏ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘Θ狦砆礚跌[28]瓣悔舱麓い現┎舦拜肈琌会ㄣ現獀︹眒拜肈猭诀篶瓣悔ㄆ猭皘盢∕﹚舦痙倒羛瓣┪砛琌ゑ耕醇暗猭硂贺略稸碙現獀诀篶∕﹚玥祇笷舅現砰╰い繦矪ǎ瓣程蔼猭皘笲ノ¨瓣產︽〃(act of State)(ぺ瓣產蝗︽禗ぺ瓆空)[29]㎝¨現獀拜肈〃(political questions)(ī禗焊)[30]玥[31] は狦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘笯裂畖癸現┎舦耞瘤礛盢舦絛瞅﹚瓣悔ㄆ猭皘琜τ籔羛瓣琜現┎舦だ瞒硂ご玻ネ龟借┦ベ刚稱狦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘粄獶羛瓣粄現舦舦碞穦┪ぶ倒羛瓣耞挡狦盿ㄓ好拜獶羛瓣粄現舦眔﹚祘瓣悔粄穦瓣悔ㄆ猭皘垦舦硂碞玻ネ摸¨珼匡猭皘〃(forum shopping)薄猵 侯┮瓃瓣悔ㄆ猭皘現┎舦拜肈⊿Τ宽碻羛瓣耞竡叭眖龟悔σ納硂┪砛琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘程匡拒 瓣悔ㄆ猭皘宽碻羛瓣耞篈硄筁ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩喷靡 ゑ耕籔喷靡セゅ盢σ诡ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩瘤礛ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩闽疉琌瓣把籔瓣悔ㄆ猭皘禗砠笆瓣產戈拜肈硂翴籔甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩い現┎舦拜肈Τ┮ぃ琌赣い浪诡﹛∕﹚ㄌ沮秈˙喷靡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘現┎舦拜肈篈方瓣悔ㄆ猭皘現┎舦㎝瓣產戈拜肈篈灿稬畉钵癸硂畉钵絫パ掸盢矗ǎ秆ㄑよ產タ ()ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩 201211る29ら羛瓣穦67/19腹∕某倒ぉぺ扒吹㈱獶Θ芠诡瓣(non-member observer State)[32]玡ぺ扒吹㈱芠诡(observer)ō把羛瓣穦某㎝[33]20091る22らぺ扒吹㈱(ビ叫)沮霉皑砏材12兵材3蹿瓣悔ㄆ猭皘矗ユ羘钡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸20027る1ら癬祇ネぺ扒吹㈱烩デ竜︽恨烈舦[34]20124る3ら浪诡﹛┶荡币笆秸琩∕﹚瞶パ琌讽ビ叫琌篶Θ瓣產好拜ㄣΤ蝶琌羛瓣羛瓣穦の霉皑砏絣瓣穦[35]τセい羛瓣穦倒ぉぺ扒吹㈱琌¨芠诡〃τ獶¨獶Θ瓣〃ぺ扒吹㈱砆130瓣產㎝瓣悔舱麓┯粄瓣產硂ㄆ龟ぃ紇臫ぺ扒吹㈱瓣悔猭猭[36] 20151る1らぺ扒吹㈱Ω沮霉皑砏材12兵材3蹿瓣悔ㄆ猭皘矗ユ羘钡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癸20146る13ら癬祇ネぺ扒吹㈱烩(珹狥瑿隔蓟)デ竜︽恨烈舦[37]Ωらぺ扒吹㈱羛瓣ユ[38]1る6ら硄瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ぺ扒吹㈱20151る2ら︽Τ霉皑砏盢20154る1ら癬癸ぺ扒吹㈱ネ[39]1る7ら瓣悔ㄆ猭皘癘矪ボ钡ぺ扒吹㈱钡猭皘恨烈舦羘盢ン簿ユ浪诡﹛[40]1る16ら浪诡﹛∕﹚币笆˙糵琩[41]ヘ玡ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩矪˙糵琩顶琿[42] ()ゑ耕だ猂甁の薄墩い獶材薄墩㎝ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩 ぺ扒吹㈱薄墩疉の琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い瓣產戈拜肈籔甁の薄墩㎝い獶材薄墩い現┎舦拜肈ぃ硂拜肈瓣悔ㄆ猭皘絋矗琌パ羛瓣耞τぃ钩甁の薄墩いê妓荷恨龟借宽碻羛瓣耞瓃临琌¨场舦〃夹ㄌ沮羛瓣ミ初把σ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘硂ㄢ灿稬篈畉钵癸赣畉钵掸瞦代方ㄢ兜σ納 材眖羛瓣舦àㄓ羛瓣舅彻璶―絣よ常琌瓣產[43]硂種帝羛瓣莱Τ耞瓣產戈龟砰ス砆羛瓣钡ΘㄣΤ瓣產戈埃獶疭薄猵赣戈盢Τ挡娩兵玂恨诀闽龟筋羆挡羛瓣霉皑砏玂恨诀闽╰ㄌ沮羛瓣穦龟筋ㄓ耞瓣產兵戈硂碞秆睦ぐ或瓣悔ㄆ猭皘絋矗瓣產戈拜肈パ羛瓣耞τ籔は現┎舦拜肈羛瓣舅彻ゼヴ砏﹚ㄤΩ羛瓣–穦玡戳常璶パ舦靡〆穦(Credentials Committee)糵琩靡[44]硂弧癸現┎┦絋粄丁㎝丁羛瓣┮絋粄現┎舦度羛瓣╰参ず㎝度–Ω穦糵琩籔Ω穦糵琩玡硂琿丁ずΤ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘璶磷盢現┎羛瓣い舦籔セ猭皘い舦睼瞔┮Α度盢羛瓣ミ初掉秖沮 材眖瓣悔ㄆ猭皘戮舦àㄓ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘猭诀篶Τ舦τΤゲ璶秆∕街琌镑瓣把籔禗砠笆現舦硂琌ㄤセō笲絋粄琌钡赣現舦┮矗ユ薄墩┪钡猭皘恨烈舦ぇ羘沮甁の薄墩瓣悔ㄆ猭皘絋ミ耞夹琌¨场舦〃琌瓣產戈拜肈瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ぃㄣΤ蝶硂硄筁癸ゑ羛瓣舅彻㎝霉皑砏絣瓣よ闽兵蹿祇瞷羛瓣舅彻材4兵材1蹿砏﹚¨羛瓣Θ戈癸ち稲㎝キ瓣產秨〃[45]ǎ瓣產戈琌Θ羛瓣Θ璶ンぇ羛瓣钡Θ斗癸秈︽龟借耞τ霉皑砏材U兵材2蹿(妮恨烈舦)砏﹚¨癸セ砏ネΘ絣瓣瓣產セ猭皘癸セ砏癸赣瓣ネ龟琁デ竜︽ㄏ恨烈舦埃獶〃[46]ǎ瓣產戈琌龟砰瓣悔ㄆ猭皘玡矗瓣悔ㄆ猭皘钡Θ斗絋粄琌瓣產讽好拜ぃ秈︽龟借耞材12兵材1蹿(︽ㄏ恨烈舦∕兵ン)砏﹚¨瓣Θセ砏絣瓣钡セ猭皘癸材5兵┮瓃デ竜恨烈舦〃[47]硂琌盢瓣產戈Θ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘絣よ玡矗瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ンい絋ぃㄣΤ掉舦τ莱盢拜肈ユパ羛瓣耞 挡粂 瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い現┎舦拜肈琌猭拜肈ㄤΩ砛現獀︹眒倒疉ㄆ瓣產のず场現舦畍[48]㎝瓣悔穦痙稱禜㎝笆丁瓣悔ㄆ猭皘篈は琈讽玡羛瓣いみ瓣悔瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ぃ琌羛瓣砞诀篶[49]⊿Τ钮眖羛瓣竡叭硂ぃЙ锚瓣悔ㄆ猭皘笆宽碻硂妓笆宽碻Τ痲矪㎝ゲ璶セゅЩ揭肈癬翴贝╯羛瓣瓣悔程蔼舦絛瞅膀娄籔ㄤ瓣悔舱麓が笆闽╰单碞瓣悔ㄆ猭皘㎝羛瓣闽╰㎝が笆ㄓ弧瓣悔ㄆ猭皘絛瞅ず莱讽宽酚羛瓣㎡τㄆ龟絛瞅ず宽碻羛瓣耞霉皑砏いゅ砏﹚羛瓣紇臫瓣悔ㄆ猭皘い禗砠笆ㄆ兜Τ耞獻菠竜い¨獻菠︽〃矗ユ薄墩㎝崩筐癬禗┪秸琩耞獻菠竜い¨獻菠︽〃拜肈浪诡﹛竒˙糵琩祇瞷瞶沮币笆秸琩莱絋﹚瞶穦琌疉瓣產獻菠︽∕﹚瞶穦硂妓∕﹚薄猵浪诡﹛膥尿赣獻菠竜秸琩[50]矗ユ薄墩拜肈瞶穦沮羛瓣舅彻材彻浪诡﹛矗ユ陪ボ兜┪兜デ竜竒祇ネ薄墩琌瓣悔ㄆ猭皘ㄆ猭皘︽ㄏ恨烈舦薄ぇ[51]崩筐癬禗┪秸琩拜肈瞶穦沮羛瓣舅彻材彻硄筁∕某瓣悔ㄆ猭皘矗璶―ㄤ12るず猭皘ぃ眔沮霉皑砏秨﹍┪秈︽秸琩┪癬禗[52]祇瞷蝴瓣悔㎝キのぇ璶砫ヴ诀篶[53]瞶穦琌羛瓣籔瓣悔ㄆ猭皘秨甶钡怠パぃ磷玻ネ踞紐琌瞶穦诀ぃ硓┦瞯ぃì瓣痲臱笆单[54]穦倒瓣悔ㄆ猭皘盿ㄓ妓ぃ▆紇臫瞶穦硄筁矗ユ薄墩耎瓣悔ㄆ猭皘恨烈舦琌穦霉皑砏獶絣瓣舦痲 霉皑砏獶ゅ砏﹚瓣悔ㄆ猭皘龟借宽碻羛瓣ミ初ㄆ兜珹セゅ┮癚阶現┎舦拜肈㎝瓣產戈拜肈パ礚兵ゅ砏玥狦ぃ瞏σ诡瓣悔ㄆ猭皘龟筋瓣悔ㄆ猭皘籔羛瓣硂ㄇㄆ兜が笆┕┕螟砆侩醚瓣悔ㄆ猭皘籔羛瓣耞現┎舦㎝瓣產戈拜肈闽╰琌硄筁羛瓣硈钡癬ㄓ羛瓣琂琌羛瓣︽現[55]琌霉皑砏玂恨诀闽羛瓣硄筁ㄌ沮羛瓣穦龟筋糹︽霉皑砏玂恨诀闽钡戮砫矗ㄑ瓣悔ㄆ猭皘耞瓣產戈拜肈い¨瓣產〃㎝現┎舦拜肈い¨恨讽Ы〃瞁方酚崩阶┮Τ羛瓣玂恨诀闽兵常籔羛瓣┪┪ぶ羛╰ぶ瓣產戈拜肈斗璶宽碻羛瓣耞篒20154るパ羛瓣玂恨兵计ヘ338ㄤいぃぶ兵ぃ琌羛瓣┪ㄤ砞诀篶兵[56]硂ㄇ兵羛瓣玂恨诀闽逼礚い眏羛瓣篶㎝蝴瓣悔いみ硂跌à┪砛и矗ㄑは臮兵玂恨籔種竡穝隔
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