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Announcement of the Supreme People's Court
The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the Withdrawal System of Judges in Litigation Activities, as adopted at the 1517th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on April 11, 2011, are hereby issued and shall come into force on June 13, 2011.
June 10, 2011
Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Implementation of the Withdrawal System of Judges in Litigation Activities
(No. 12 [2011] of the Supreme People's Court)
To further regulate the withdrawal of judges in litigation and safeguard judicial impartiality, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Organization of the People's Courts , the Judges Law of the People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, the Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China and other legal provisions and in light of the trial practices of the people's courts.
| | 最高人民法院公告
最高人民法院《关于审判人员在诉讼活动中执行回避制度若干问题的规定》已于2011年4月11日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1517次会议通过，现予公布，自2011年6月13日起施行。
二○一一年六月十日
最高人民法院关于审判人员在诉讼活动中执行回避制度若干问题的规定
（法释〔2011〕12号）
为进一步规范审判人员的诉讼回避行为，维护司法公正，根据《中华人民共和国人民法院组织法》、《中华人民共和国法官法》、《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》、《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》、《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》等法律规定，结合人民法院审判工作实际，制定本规定。
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Article 1 A judge falling under any of the following circumstances shall withdraw himself/herself, and the party concerned or the legal representative thereof shall have the right to apply for withdrawal of the judge verbally or in written form:
| | 第一条 审判人员具有下列情形之一的，应当自行回避，当事人及其法定代理人有权以口头或者书面形式申请其回避：
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1. The judge is a party or a close relative of a party to the present case;
| | （一）是本案的当事人或者与当事人有近亲属关系的；
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2. The judge or his/her close relative is an interested person in this case;
| | （二）本人或者其近亲属与本案有利害关系的；
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3. The judge once served as a witness, translator, authenticator, inspector, agent ad litem or defender in the present case;
| | （三）担任过本案的证人、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人、诉讼代理人、辩护人的；
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4. The judge is the spouse, parent, child or sibling of an agent ad litem or defender in the present case; or
| | （四）与本案的诉讼代理人、辩护人有夫妻、父母、子女或者兄弟姐妹关系的；
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5. The judge has any other interest relationship with a party to the present case, which may affect the impartial trial of the case.
The term “close relative” as mentioned in these Provisions refers to a relative who has a conjugal relationship, lineal consanguinity, collateral consanguinity within three generations or close affinity with a judge.
| | （五）与本案当事人之间存在其他利害关系，可能影响案件公正审理的。
本规定所称近亲属，包括与审判人员有夫妻、直系血亲、三代以内旁系血亲及近姻亲关系的亲属。
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Article 2 Where a party concerned or the legal representative thereof finds that a judge commits any of the following conduct in violation of the relevant provisions, the party concerned or the legal representative thereof shall have the right to apply for withdrawal of the judge:
| | 第二条 当事人及其法定代理人发现审判人员违反规定，具有下列情形之一的，有权申请其回避：
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1. The judge privately meets a party to the present case or the agent ad litem or defender thereof;
．．．．．． | | （一）私下会见本案一方当事人及其诉讼代理人、辩护人的；
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