Restatement of the Law，Second，Conflict of Laws | | 美國第二次沖突法重述 |
| | （1971年） |
| Chapter 1 Introduction | | 第一章 序言 |
| §1 Reason for the Rules of Conflict of Laws | | 第一條 沖突法規則的原因 |
| The world is composed of territorial states having separate and differing systems of law．Events and transactions occur，and issues arise，that may have a significant relationship to more than one state，making necessary a special body of rules and methods for their ordering and resolution． | | 世界由擁有領土的國家組成，其法律制度彼此獨立，相互差異。事件和交易的發生，問題的產生，可能與一個以上的國家具有重要聯系，因而需要有一整套特別的規則和方法加以調整和確定。 |
| §2 Subject Matter of Conflict of Laws | | 第二條 沖突法的主旨 |
| Conflict of Laws is that part of the law of each state which determines what effect is given to the fact that the case may have a significant relationship to more than one state． | | 沖突法是各國法律的一部分，它確定對有關事件可能與一個以上的國家具有重要聯系這一事實賦予何種效力。 |
| §3 State Defined | | 第三條 “州”的定義 |
| As used in the Restatement of this Subject，the word“state”denotes a territorial unit with a distinct general body of law． | | 在本沖突法重述中，“州”一詞指具有獨立法律體系的區域。 |
| §4 Law Defined | | 第四條 法律的定義 |
| （1）As used in the Restatement of this Subject，the“local law”of a state is the body of standards，principles and rules，exclusive of its rules of Conflict of Laws，which the courts of that state apply in the decision of controversies brought before them． | | 1．在本沖突法重述中，州的“本地法”，指除該州沖突法規則以外的、該州法院用以解決所受理的爭議的一整套標准、原則和規則。 |
| （2）As used in the Restatement of this Subject，the“law”of a state is that state's local law，together with its rules | | 2．在本沖突法重述中，州的“法律”指該州的本地法及該州的沖突法規則。 |
| §5 Nature and Development of Conflict of Laws | | 第五條 國際私法之性質及發展 |
| The rules of Conflict of Laws，and especially the rules of choice of law，are largely decisional and，to the extent that this is so，are as open to reexamination as any other common law rules．The process of formulation and reexamination of these rules requires consideration not only of the specific policies of the relevant local law rules but also of the general policies relating to multistate occurrences． | | 國際私法規則，特別是法律選擇規則，大部分為判例法，因此之故，與其他普通法規則相同，均不斷接受考驗，此種規則之發展與考驗過程中，所需要考慮的，不僅是相關實體法規則中特殊政策，同時包括涉及多數法域事件之一般政策。 |
| §6 Choice—Of—Law Principles | | 第六條 法律選擇的原則 |
| （1）A court，subject to constitutional restrictions，will follow a statutory directive of its own state on choice of law． | | 1．法院，除受憲法約束外，應遵循本州關于法律選擇的立法規定。 |
| （2）When there is no such directive，the factors relevant to the choice of the applicable rule of law include | | 2．在無此種規定時，與適用于選擇法律的規則有關的因素包括： |
| （a）the needs of the interstate and international systems， | | （1）州際及國際體制的需要； |
| （b）the relevant policies of the forum． | | （2）法院地的相關政策； |
| （c）the relevant policies of other interested states and the relative interests of those states in the determination of the particular issue， | | （3）其他利害關系州的相關政策以及在決定特定問題時這些州的有關利益； |
| （d）the protection of justified expectations， | | （4）對正當期望的保護； |
| （e）the basic policies underlying the particular field of law， | | （5）特定領域法律所依據的政策； |
| （f）certainty，predictability and uniformity of result，and | | （6）結果的確定性、可預見性和一致性，以及 |
| （g）ease in the determination and application of the law to be applied． | | （7）將予適用的法律易于確定和適用。 |
| §7 Characterization | | 第七條 識別 |
| （1）The classification and interpretation of legal concepts and terms involve questions of characterization，as the term is used in the Restatement of this Subject． | | 1．本沖突法重述中，識別問題涉及對法律概念和術語的分類和解釋。 |
| （2）The classification and interpretation of Conflict of Laws concepts and terms are determined in accordance with the law of the forum，except as stated in§8． | | 2．對沖突法概念和術語的分類和解釋，除第八條的規定外，依法院地法。 |
| （3）The classification and interpretation of local law concepts and terms are determined in accordance with the law that governs the issue involved． | | 3．對本地法概念和術語的分類和解釋依支配有關問題的法律。 |
| §8 Applicability of Choice—Of—Law Rules of Another State （Renvoi） | | 第八條 另一州法律選擇規則的可適用性（反致） |
| （1）When directed by its own choice—of—law rule to apply“the law”of another state，the forum applies the local law of the other state，except as stated in Subsections（2）and（3）． | | 1．除第2款、第3款的規定外，在本州的法律選擇規則指明應適用另一州的“法律”時，法院適用該另一州的本地法。 |
| （2）When the objective of the particular choice—of—law rule is that the forum reach the same result on the very facts involved as would the courts of another state，the forum will apply the choice—of—law rules of the other state，subject to considerations of practicability and feasibility． | | 2．如特定法律選擇規則的目的在于使法院就案件事實得出的結果與另一州法院審理該案時得出的結果相一致，則法院可適用該另一州的法律選擇規則，但須考慮實際可行性。 |
| （3）When the state of the forum has no substantial relationship to the particular issue or the parties and the courts of all interested states would concur in selecting the local law rule applicable to this issue，the forum will usually apply this rule． | | 3．如法院地州與特定問題或當事人無實質聯系，而各利害關系州的法院會一致選擇某個適用于該問題的本地法規則時，法院通常將適用該規則。 |
| §9 Limitations on Choice of Law | | 第九條 法律選擇的限制 |
| A court may not apply the local law of its own state to determine a particular issue unless such application of this law would be reasonable in the light of the relationship of the state and of other states to the person，thing or occurrence involved． | | 法院在決定特定問題時，可不適用本州的本地法。除非就本州和其他州與有關的人、物或事件的聯系而言，適用該法是合理的。 |
| §10 Interstate and International Conflict of Laws | | 第十條 州際和國際沖突法 |
| The rules in the Restatement of this Subject apply to cases with elements in one or more States of the United States and are generally applicable to cases with elements in one or more foreign nations．There may，however，be factors in a particular international case which call for a result different from that which would be reached in an interstate case． | | 本沖突法重述中的規則適用于涉及美國一州或多州因素的案件，並基本上適用于涉及一個或多個外國因素的案件。但是，在特定的國家案件中，可能有些因素要求其結果區別于在州際案件中會得出的結果。 |
| Chapter 2 Domicile | | 第二章 住所 |
| Topic 1—Meaning and General Requirements of Domicile | | 第一節 住所之意義及一般要件 |
| §11 Domicile | | 第十一條 住所 |
| （1）Domicile is a place，usually a person's home，to which the rules of Conflict of Laws sometimes accord determinative significance because of the person's identification with that place． | | （1）住所是一個地方，通常即為一個人之家，由于住所與一個人之一致性，國際私法規則有時賦予其決定之重要性。 |
| （2）Every person has a domicile at all times and，at least for the same purpose，no person has more than one domicile at a time． | | （2）每一個人在任何時間都有一個住所，至少就同一目的言，沒有人在同一時間有兩個以上的住所。 |
| §12 Home Defined | | 第十二條 家之定義 |
| Home is the place where a person dwells and which is the center of his domestic，social and civil life． | | 家是一個人居住之處所，其為一個人之家庭，社會及民事生活之中心。 |
| §13 Domicile—By What Law Determined | | 第十三條 住所——依據何種法律確定 |
| In applying its rules of Conflict of Laws，the forum determines domicile according to its own standards． | | 法院在適用自己的沖突法規則時，依自己的標准確定住所。 |
| Topic 2—Acquisition and Change of Domicile | | 第二節 住所之取得及變更 |
| §14 Domicile of Origin | | 第十四條 原始住所 |
| （1）The domicile of origin is the domicile which a person has at birth． | | （1）原始住所是指一個人出生時的住所。 |
| （2）The domicile of a legitimate child at birth is the domicile of its father at that time，subject to the rule stated in§22 pertaining to divorce or separation of the parents．If the child is not the legitimate child of its father，or is born after the father's death，its domicile at birth is the domicile of its mother at that time． | | （2）婚生子女出生時之住所，即為其父該時之住所，但受到第22條所述有關父母離婚或分居之限制。假定該子女非其父之婚生子女，或于其父死亡後出生，則該子女住所即為其母該時之住所。 |
| §15 Domicile of Choice | | 第十五條 選擇住所 |
| （1）A domicile of choice may be acquired by a person who is legally capable of changing his domicile． | | （1）選擇住所可以由一個在法律上有能力改變住所者所取得。 |
| （2）In addition to legal capacity，acquisition of a domicile of choice requires | | （2）除行為能力外，選擇住所之取得需要 |
| （a）physical presence as described in§16，and | | （a）第16條所規定之居住之事實，以及 |
| （b）an attitude of mind as described in§18． | | （b）第18條所規定之心願。 |
| （3）The fact of physical presence at the particular place must concur with the existence of the required attitude of mind．If there is such concurrence，and the requisite legal capacity，a change of domicile takes place． | | （3）于某特定地方居住之事實，必須與必要的心願相符合。假定有該種情形出現，同時又有必要的行為能力，則發生住所之變更。 |
| §16 Requisite of Physical Presence | | 第十六條 居住事實之要件 |
| To acquire a domicile of choice in a place，a person must be physically present there；but the establishment of a home in a particular dwelling is not necessary for the acquisition of such a domicile． | | 在某一地方設定一個選擇住所，一個人必須在該地有居住之事實；但在某特定居住地方建立一個家，並非取得該一住所必要。 |
| §17 Presence Under Compulsion | | 第十七條 強制下之居住事實 |
| A person does not usually acquire a domicile of choice by his presence in a place under physical or legal compulsion． | | 一個人在身體或法律強制下在某地居住之事實，不能設定選擇住所。 |
| §18 Requisite Intention | | 第十八條 意願之要件 |
| To acquire a domicile of choice in a place，a person must intend to make that place his home for the time at least． | | 要在某地設定選擇住所，一個人必須有意使該地至少在該時成為其家。 |
| §19 Continuation of Domicile | | 第十九條 住所之繼續 |
| A domicile once established continues until it is superseded by a new domicile． | | 住所一經設定就繼續存在，一直到被住所取代為之。 |
| §20 Domicile of Person Having Two Dwelling Places | | 第二十條 有兩個居住地方者之住所 |
| When a person with capacity to acquire a domicile of choice has more than one dwelling place，his domicile is in the earlier dwelling place unless the second dwelling place is his principal home． | | 當一個有能力設定選擇住所者有一個以上之居住地方時，其住所在最初居住之地方，除非第二個居住地方是其主要的家。 |
| Topic 3—Married Women，Infants，Incompetents | | 第三節 已婚婦女、未成年人、無行為能力人 |
| §21 Domicile of Wife | | 第二十一條 妻之住所 |
| The rules for the acquisition of a domicile of choice are the same for both married and unmarried persons． | | 對已婚者和未婚者取得選擇住所適用同樣的規則。 |
| §22 Domicile of Minor | | 第二十二條 未成年人之住所 |
| （1）A minor has the same domicile as the parent with whom he lives． | | （1）未成年人以其同住之父或母之住所為住所。 |
| （2）Special rules are applied to determine the domicile of a minor who does not live with a parent． | | （2）未成年人不與其父或母同住時，則適用特別規則以決定其住所。 |
| §23 Domicile of Person Mentally Deficient | | 第二十三條 精神耗弱者之住所 |
| （1）A person who is mentally deficient may acquire a domicile of choice if he has sufficient mental capacity to choose a home． | | （1）精神耗弱者可以設定一個選擇住所，如果他具有充分的精神能力去選擇一個家。 |
| （2）Special rules are applied to determine the domicile of a person who lacks the requisite mental capacity． | | （2）欠缺必要精神能力者，適用特別規則以決定其住所。 |
| Chapter 3 Judicial Jurisdiction | | 第三章 司法管轄權 |
| Topic 1—Judicial Jurisdiction Over Persons | | 一、對人的司法管轄權 |
| Title A—General Principles | | （一）總則 |
| §24 Principle Underlying Judicial Jurisdiction Over Persons | | 第二十四條 對人司法管轄權所依據的原則 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a person if the person's relationship to the state is such as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction reasonable． | | 1．如果一人與一州之間的聯系使該州能夠合理地對該人行使司法管轄權，該州即有權對其行使管轄。 |
| （2）The relationships which are sufficient to support an exercise of judicial jurisdiction over a person are stated in§27—52． | | 2．何種聯系可據以對人行使司法管轄權，由第二十七條至第五十二條規定。 |
| §25 Notice and Opportunity to Be Heard | | 第二十五條 通知及申辯機會 |
| A state may not exercise judicial jurisdiction over a person，although he is subject to its judicial jurisdiction，unless a reasonable method is employed to give him notice of the action and unless he is afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard． | | 除非一州采用合理方式將訴訟通知送達某人，並給予其合理的申辯機會，否則該州不可對其行使司法管轄權，即使該人處于該州的司法管轄之下亦同。 |
| §26 Continuance of Jurisdiction | | 第二十六條 管轄權的延續 |
| If a state obtains judicial jurisdiction over a party to an action，the jurisdiction continues throughout all subsequent proceedings which arise out of the original claim．Reasonable notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard must be given the party at each new step in the proceeding． | | 如果一州對訴訟當事人一方已有司法管轄權，則該管轄權將在由原始訴因而生之一切後續程序中繼續有效。在訴訟程序的每一新步驟開始時，應使當事人得到合理的通知和合理的申辯機會。 |
| Title B—Judicial Jurisdiction Over Individuals | | （二）對自然人的司法管轄權 |
| §27 Bases of Judicial Jurisdiction Over Individuals | | 第二十七條 對自然人司法管轄的依據 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual on one or more of the following bases： | | 1．一州有權以下述一項或數項為依據，對自然人行使司法管轄權： |
| （a）presence | | （1）所在 |
| （b）domicile | | （2）住所 |
| （c）residence | | （3）居所 |
| （d）nationality or citizenship | | （4）國籍或公民籍 |
| （e）consent | | （5）同意 |
| （f）appearance in an action | | （6）在訴訟中出庭 |
| （g）doing business in the state | | （7）在該州營業 |
| （h）an act done in the state | | （8）在該州完成的行為 |
| （i）causing an effect in the state by an act done elsewhere | | （9）于他處完成的行為在該州造成影響 |
| （j）ownership，use or possession of a thing in the state | | （10）對州內物的所有、使用或占有 |
| （k）other relationships to the state which make the exercise of judicial jurisdiction reasonable | | （11）其他使該州能夠合理行使司法管轄權的聯系。 |
| （2）The circumstances in which，and the extent to which，these bases are sufficient to support an exercise of judicial jurisdiction over an individual are stated in§§28—39． | | 2．上述各項，在何種情況下和在何種限度內足以構成對自然人行使司法管轄權的依據，由第二十八條至第三十九條規定。 |
| §28 Presence | | 第二十八條 出現 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who is present within its territory unless the individual's relationship to the state is so attenuated as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對在該州出現的自然人行使司法管轄權，除非該自然人與該州的聯系微弱，以致行使這種管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §29 Domicile | | 第二十九條 住所 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who is domiciled in the state，except in the highly unusual case where the individual's relationship to the state is so attenuated as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對住所位于該州的自然人行使司法管轄權，除非在非常特殊的情況下該自然人與該州的聯系非常微弱，以致行使這種管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §30 Residence | | 第三十條 居所 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who is a resident of the state unless the individual's relationship to the state is so attenuated as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對在該州居住的自然人行使司法管轄權，除非該自然人與該州的聯系極弱，以致行使這種管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §31 Nationality and Citizenship | | 第三十一條 國籍或公民籍 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who is a national or citizen of the state unless the nature of the individual's relationship to the state makes the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對作為該州國民或公民的自然人行使司法管轄，除非由于該自然人與該州聯系的性質，行使這種管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §32 Consent | | 第三十二條 同意 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has consented to the exercise of such jurisdiction． | | 一州有權對同意受其司法管轄的自然人行使司法管轄權。 |
| §33 Appearance as Defendant | | 第三十三條 作為被告出庭 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who enters an appearance as defendant in an action with respect to a claim that arose out of the transaction which is the subject of the action or is one that may in fairness be determined concurrently with that action． | | 一州有權對作為被告出庭的自然人，就與訴訟有關的請求行使管轄權，如該請求是作為訴訟標的之交易所引起或該請求可同時與該訴訟得到公正解決。 |
| §34 Appearance as Plaintiff | | 第三十四條 作為原告出庭 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who brings an action in the state with respect to a claim that arose out of the transaction which is the subject of the action or is one that may in fairness be determined concurrently with that action． | | 一州有權對在該州提起訴訟的自然人就與訴訟有關的請求，行使司法管轄權，如果該請求是由作為訴訟的交易所引起或該請求可同時與該訴訟得到公正解決。 |
| §35 Doing Business in State | | 第三十五條 在州內營業 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who does business in the state with respect to causes of action arising from the business done in the state． | | 1．一州有權對在該州營業的自然人，就產生于該營業活動的訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has done business in the state，but has ceased to do business there at the time when the action is brought，with respect to causes of action arising from the business done in the state． | | 2．一州有權對曾在該州營業但于訴訟提起時已停止營業的自然人，就產生于該營業活動的訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （3）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who does business in the state with respect to causes of action that do not arise from the business done in the state if this business is so continuous and substantial as to make it reasonable for the state to exercise such jurisdiction． | | 3．一州有權對在該州營業的自然人，就並非產生于該州內營業活動的訴因，行使司法管轄權，只要該營業活動相當持續和重要，以致該州行使這種管轄權是合理的。 |
| §36 Doing an Act in State | | 第三十六條 在州內完成的行為 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has done，or has caused to be done，an act in the state with respect to any claim in tort arising from the act． | | 1．一州有權對在該州完成或導致完成某行為的自然人，就產生于該行為的任何侵權訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has done，or has caused to be done，an act in the state with respect to any claim not in tort arising from the act unless the nature of the act and of the individual's relationship to the state and to other states make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 2．一州有權對在該州完成或導致完成某行為的自然人，就產生于該行為的任何非侵權訴因，行使司法管轄權，除非由于該行為的性質，以及該自然人與該州及其他州聯系的性質，這種管轄權的行使是不合理的。 |
| §37 Causing Effects in State by Act Done Elsewhere | | 第三十七條 于他處完成的行為在州內造成影響 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who causes effects in the state by an act done elsewhere with respect to any claim arising from these effects unless the nature of the effects and of the individual's relationship to the state make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對于在他處完成行為而在該州造成影響的自然人，就產生于該影響的任何訴因，行使司法管轄權，除非由于該影響的性質，以及該自然人與該州聯系的性質，行使這種管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §38 Ownership，Use or Possession of Tangible Thing in State | | 第三十八條 對州內有形物的所有、使用或占有 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has owned，used or possessed an immovable thing in the state with respect to any cause of action arising from the thing while it was owned，used or possessed by the individual． | | 1．一州有權對在該州內擁有、使用或占有不動產的自然人，就該自然人擁有、使用或占有該物時產生于它的任何訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who has owned，used or possessed a chattel in the state with respect to any cause of action arising from the chattel while it was in the state and was so owned，used or possessed unless the nature of the chattel and of the individual's relationship to the state make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 2．一州有權對在該州內擁有、使用或占有動產的自然人，就該物位于該州內並為該自然人擁有、使用或占有時產生于它的任何訴因，行使司法管轄權，但該動產的性質以及自然人與該州聯系的性質，使這種管轄權的行使為不合理時除外。 |
| §39 Other Relationships | | 第三十九條 其他聯系 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual，not only in the situations stated in§§28—38，but also in other situations where the individual has such a relationship to the state that it is reasonable for the state to exercise such jurisdiction． | | 除第二十八條至第三十八條規定的情況外，在其他情況下，一州只要因其與某自然人之間的聯系，對該人行使管轄權是合理的，也有權對該自然人行使司法管轄。 |
| §40 Partnerships or Other Unincorporated Associations | | 第四十條 合夥及其他非法人團體 |
| （1）A state in which a partnership or other unincorporated association is subject to suit in the firm or common name has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over the partnership or association if under the circumstances it could exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual on one or more of the bases set forth in§§32—39． | | 1．如果合夥或其他非法人團體可在一州內以合夥或共有人的名義成為被告，且該州在同樣情況下可以依據第三十二條至第三十九條的規定對個人行使司法管轄權，則該州有權對該合夥或團體行使司法管轄。 |
| （2）A valid judgment rendered against a partnership or association is a binding adjudication as to the liability of the partnership or association with respect to its assets in every state． | | 2．一項不利于合夥或團體的有效判決，如對其債務責任是有拘束力的，則應涉及該合夥或團體在每一州中的財產。 |
| Title C—Jurisdiction Over Corporations | | （三）對公司的司法管轄權 |
| §41 Domestic Corporations | | 第四十一條 本州公司 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a domestic corporation． | | 一州有權對本州公司行使司法管轄權。 |
| §42 Principles Underlying Judicial Jurisdiction Over Foreign Corporations | | 第四十二條 對外州公司的司法管轄權所依據的原則 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation if the relationship of the corporation to the state is such as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction reasonable． | | 1．如果一州因其與外州公司的聯系而能夠合理地對該公司行使司法管轄權，則該州有權對其行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）The relationships which are sufficient to support an exercise of judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation are stated in §§43—52． | | 2．據以對外州公司行使司法管轄權的聯系，由第四十三條至第五十二條確定。 |
| §43 Foreign Corporations—Consent | | 第四十三條 外州公司——同意 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has consented to the exercise of such jurisdiction． | | 一州有權對同意受其司法管轄的外州公司行使司法管轄權。 |
| §44 Foreign Corporations—Appointment of Agent | | 第四十四條 外州公司——指定代理人 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has authorized an agent or a public official to accept service of process in actions brought against the corporation in the state as to all causes of action to which the authority of the agent or official to accept service extends． | | 一州有權對該州內授權代理人或政府官員接受對其訴訟之傳票的外州公司，就授權該代理人或官員接受傳票方面所涉及的一切訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| §45 Foreign Corporations—Appearance as Defendant | | 第四十五條 外州公司——作為被告出庭 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which enters an appearance in an action in the state with respect to a claim that arose out of the transaction which is the subject of the action or is one that may in fairness be determined concurrently with that action． | | 一州有權對作為被告出庭的外州公司，就與訴訟有關的請求行使管轄權，如果該請求是由作為訴訟標的的交易所引起或該請求可同時與該訴訟得到公正解決。 |
| §46 Foreign Corporations—Appearance as Plaintiff | | 第四十六條 外州公司——作為原告出庭 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which brings an action in the state with respect to a claim that arose out of the transaction which is the subject of the action or is one that may in fairness be determined concurrently with that action． | | 一州有權對在該州提起訴訟的外州公司，就與訴訟有關的請求行使管轄權，如果該請求是由作為訴訟標的之交易所引起或該請求可同時與該訴訟得到公正解決。 |
| §47 Foreign Corporations—Doing Business in State | | 第四十七條 外州公司——在州內營業 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which does business in the state with respect to causes of action arising from the business done in the state． | | 1．一州有權對在該州營業的外州公司，就產生于該營業活動的訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which does business in the state with respect to causes of action that do not arise from the business done in the state if this business is so continuous and substantial as to make it reasonable for the state to exercise such jurisdiction． | | 2．一州有權對在該州營業的外州公司，就並非產生于該營業活動訴因，行使司法管轄權，只要該營業活動相當持續和重要，致使該州行使司法管轄權是合理的。 |
| §48 Foreign Corporations—Ceasing to Do Business | | 第四十八條 外州公司——停止營業 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has done business in the state，but has ceased to do business there at the time when the action is brought，with respect to causes of action arising from the business done in the state． | | 一州有權對曾在該州營業但于訴訟提起時已停止營業的外州公司，就產生于該營業活動的訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| §49 Foreign Corporations—Doing an Act in State | | 第四十九條 外州公司——在州內完成的行為 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has done，or has caused to be done，an act in the state with respect to any cause of action in tort arising from the act． | | 1．一州有權對在該州完成或導致完成某行為的外州公司，就產生于該行為的任何侵權訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has done，or has caused to be done，an act in the state with respect to any cause of action not in tort arising from the act unless the nature of the act and of the corporation's relationship to the state makes the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 2．一州有權對在該州完成或導致完成某行為的外州公司，就產生于該行為的任何非侵權訴因，行使司法管轄權，除非因該行為的性質以及該公司與該州聯系的性質，行使司法管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §50 Foreign Corporations—Causing Effects in State by Act Done Elsewhere | | 第五十條 外州公司——于他處完成的行為在州內造成影響 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which causes effects in the state by an act done elsewhere with respect to any cause of action arising from these effects unless the nature of these effects and of the corporation's relationship to the state makes the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 一州有權對于在他處完成行為而在本州造成影響的外州公司，就此種影響所引起的任何訴因，行使司法管轄權。除非因此種影響的性質以及本州與該公司法聯系的性質，行使司法管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §51 Foreign Corporations—Ownership，Use or Possession of Tangible Thing in State | | 第五十一條 外州公司——對州內有形物的所有、使用或占有 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has owned，used or possessed an immovable thing in the state with respect to any cause of action arising from the thing while it was owned，used or possessed by the corporation． | | 1．一州有權對在該州內擁有、使用或占有不動產的外州公司，就該公司擁有、使用或占有該物時從中產生的任何訴因，行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation which has owned，used or possessed a chattel in the state with respect to any cause of action arising from the chattel while it was in the state and was so owned，used or possessed unless the nature of the chattel and of the corporation's relationship to the state make the exercise of such jurisdiction unreasonable． | | 2．一州有權對在該州內擁有、使用或占有不動產的外州公司，就該物位于該州內並為該公司擁有、使用或占有時從中產生的任何訴因行使司法管轄權。除非因該動產的性質以及該公司與該州聯系的性質，行使司法管轄權是不合理的。 |
| §52 Foreign Corporations—Other Relationships | | 第五十二條 外州公司——其他聯系 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over a foreign corporation，not only in the circumstances stated in §§43—51，but also in other situations where the foreign corporation has such a relationship to the state that it is reasonable for the state to exercise such jurisdiction． | | 除第四十三條至第五十一條規定的情況外，在其他情況下，一州只要因其與某外州公司的聯系，對該公司行使司法管轄權是合理的，則也有權對該外州公司行使司法管轄權。 |
| Title D—Judicial Jurisdiction Over Persons to Affect Foreign Acts or Things | | （四）影響在外州的行為或物的對人司法管轄權 |
| §53 Decree to Be Carried Out in Another State | | 第五十三條 將在另一州執行判決 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to order a person，who is subject to its judicial jurisdiction，to do an act，or to refrain from doing an act，in another state． | | 一州有權對受其司法管轄者行使司法管轄權以命令後者在另一州內作為或不作為。 |
| §54 order to Institute or Defend Proceedings in Another State | | 第五十四條 命令在另一州起訴或應訴 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to order a person，who is subject to its judicial jurisdiction，to institute proceedings in a court or other governmental agency of another state，or to appear in such proceedings． | | 一州有權對受其司法管轄者在另一州法院或其他政府機關起訴或出庭行使司法管轄權。 |
| §55 Decree Affecting Thing in Another State | | 第五十五條 影響另一州內物的判決 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to order a person，who is subject to its judicial jurisdiction，to do，or not to do，an act in the state，although the carrying out of the decree may affect a thing in another state． | | 一州有權對受其司法管轄者在該州內的行為或不行為行使司法管轄權，即使其判決的執行可能影響到另一州內的物。 |
| Topic 2—Judicial Jurisdiction Over Things | | 二、對物的司法管轄權 |
| Title A—Judicial Jurisdiction Over Things in General | | （一）對物司法管轄權的基本規定 |
| §56 Principle Underlying Judicial Jurisdiction Over Things | | 第五十六條 對物司法管轄權所依據的原則 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to determine interests in a thing if the relationship of the thing to the state is such as to make the exercise of such jurisdiction reasonable． | | 1．一州因其與某物的聯系而能夠合理地行使司法管轄權以影響該物中的權益時，該州即有權行使這種管轄權。 |
| （2）The relationships which are sufficient to support an exercise of judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in a thing are stated in§§59—68． | | 2．據以行使司法管轄權以影響某物權益的聯系，由第五十九條至第六十八條規定。 |
| §57 Notice and Opportunity to Be Heard | | 第五十七條 通知及申辯機會 |
| A state may not exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in a thing unless a reasonable method is employed to give notice of the action to the persons whose interests in the thing may be affected，and unless these persons are afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard． | | 除非一州以合理方式將訴訟通知送達在某物中享有的權益可能受到影響的人，並且給予他們合理的申辯機會，否則該州不得行使司法管轄權以影響對該物的權益。 |
| §58 Continuance of Jurisdiction | | 第五十八條 管轄權的延續 |
| If a state obtains judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in a thing，the jurisdiction continues throughout all subsequent proceedings which arise out of the original cause of action unless and until the state surrenders jurisdiction over the thing．Reasonable notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard must be given interested parties at each new step in the proceeding． | | 如果一州已取得影響對某物的權益的司法管轄權，則該管轄權將在由原始訴因而生之一切後續程序中繼續有效，除非該州放棄或中止其對該物的管轄權，在訴訟程序的每一新步驟開始時，應使當事人能得到合理的通知及合理的申辯機會。 |
| §59 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Land | | 第五十九條 對土地的司法管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to determine pre—existing interests in land in the state although a person owning or claiming these interests in the land is not personally subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state． | | 一州有權行使司法管轄權以影響對該州土地的權益，即使享有或主張該土地權益的人不屬該州的司法管轄範圍。 |
| §60 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Chattel | | 第六十條 對動產的司法管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to determine pre—existing interests in a chattel in the state，which is not in the course of transit in interstate or foreign commerce，although a person owning or claiming an interest in the chattel is not personally subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state． | | 一州有權行使司法管轄權以影響該州內並非處于州際或對外貿易運輸過程中的動產中的權益，即使享有或主張該動產權益的人不屬該州司法管轄範圍。 |
| §61 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Document | | 第六十一條 對證券的司法管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in a document in the state although a person owning or claiming an interest in the document is not personally subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state． | | 一州有權行使司法管轄權以影響本州內的證券權益，即使擁有或主張該證券權益的人不屬該州的司法管轄範圍。 |
| §62 Judicial Jurisdiction Where Title to Chattel Is Embodied in Document | | 第六十二條 對證券中體現的動產產權的司法管轄權 |
| To the extent to which title to a chattel is embodied in a document by the law which governed the chattel at the time the document was issued，a state where the document is situated has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in the chattel although the chattel is outside the territory of the state． | | 如果依一證券簽發時支配其所涉動產的法律，該證券體現該動產的產權，則該證券所在地州有權行使司法管轄權以影響該動產中的權益，即使該動產不在該州領土之內。 |
| §63 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Intangible Thing Embodied in a Document | | 第六十三條 對由證券體現的無形物的司法管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in an intangible thing embodied in a document which is within the state． | | 如果體現某無形物的證券位于某州之內，該州即有權行使司法管轄權以影響該無形物中的權益。 |
| §64 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Shares in Corporation | | 第六十四條 對公司股份的司法管轄權 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in shares in a corporation incorporated in the state． | | 1．一州有權行使司法管轄權以影響在本州內成立的公司的股份的權益。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in a share certificate which js within its territory． | | 2．一州有權行使司法管轄權以影響在本州內的股票的權益。 |
| （3）To the extent that the local law of the state in which the corporation was incorporated embodies the share in the certificate，the state which has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over the certificate has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction over the share． | | 3．如果公司成立地州的本地法規定股票體現股份，有權對股票行使司法管轄權的州，即有權對股份行使司法管轄權。 |
| §65 Judicial Jurisdiction Over Intangible Thing Not Embodied in a Document | | 第六十五條 對非由證券體現的無形物的司法管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to affect interests in an intangible thing which is not embodied in a document if the relationship of the state to the thing and to the parties involved makes the exercise of such jurisdiction reasonable． | | 如果一州因其與某無形物及其有關當事人的聯系，該州行使司法管轄權以影響該項非由證券體現的無形物的權益是合理的，該州即有權行使這種管轄權。 |
| Title B—Judicial Jurisdiction to Apply Things to Payment of Claims | | （二）對以物清償債權請求的司法管轄權 |
| §66 Application of Tangible Thing to Payment of Claims | | 第六十六條 以有體物清償債權請求 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to seize a tangible thing that is situated in the state，by attachment，sequestration，or similar procedure，in an action concerning a claim against the owner of the thing if： | | （1）在一訴訟中，一州有權通過查封、扣押或類似訴訟程序，以控制位于該州的有體物，如果對于某物所有人的請求： |
| （a）The court could properly exercise jurisdiction to adjudicate the claim under the rules stated in §§27—65；or | | （a）該法院根據第二十七條至第六十五條規定得適當行使司法管轄權以審理該請求；或 |
| （b）The action is to enforce a judgment against the owner of the thing；or | | （b）該訴訟是以執行針對該物所有人的一項判決；或 |
| （c）The action is properly in aid of other proceedings concerning the claim；or | | （c）該訴訟以協助有關該請求的訴訟程序為目的；或 |
| （d）The exercise of such jurisdiction is otherwise reasonable． | | （d）管轄權的行使在其他方面均是合理的。 |
| （2）When a court undertakes to exercise jurisdiction as stated in Subsection （1），the owner of the thing may make an appearance to contest the court's jurisdiction over the thing without thereby submitting to the jurisdiction of the court． | | （2）當一法院根據（1）項所述行使管轄權，該物之所有人得出庭對此種管轄權提出異議，該出庭不得視為接受法院的管轄權。 |
| §67 Garnishment of Person in Possession of Chattel | | 第六十七條 對動產占有人的扣押令 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to apply to the satisfaction of a claim a chattel belonging to the person against whom the claim is asserted，but which is in the possession or control of another person，if | | 一州有權行使司法管轄權，以屬某債權之被請求者所有，但由他人占有或控制的動產來滿足該項債權請求，只要： |
| （a）the other person is subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state，and | | （1）該他人屬本州司法管轄範圍，及 |
| （b）the chattel to be applied is within the state，and | | （2）將被用來清償的動產位于本州境內，及 |
| （c）the requirements of §66（1）have been satisfied． | | （3）已滿足第66條第1款的要求。 |
| §68 Garnishment of Person Owing Debt to Principal Debtor | | 第六十八條 對主債務之債務人的扣押令 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to apply to the satisfaction of a claim an obligation owed to the person against whom the claim is asserted if the obligor is subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state and the requirements of§66（1）have been satisfied． | | 如果第66條第1款的要求得到滿足，一州有權行使司法管轄權，以受其司法管轄的債務人應向該項債權之被請求者履行的義務來滿足該項債權請求，即使該項債權之被請求者不屬本州司法管轄範圍。 |
| Topic 3—Jurisdiction Over Status | | 三、對身份的管轄權 |
| Title A—Jurisdiction Over Status in General | | （一）對身份管轄權的基本規定 |
| §69 Notice and Opportunity to Be Heard | | 第六十九條 通知及申辯機會 |
| A state may not exercise judicial jurisdiction over the Status of a person unless a reasonable method is employed to give him notice of the action and unless he is afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard． | | 除非一州以合理方式將訴訟通知送達某人，並給予他以合理的申辯機會，否則該州不得被該人的身份行使司法管轄權。 |
| Title B—Jurisdiction for Divorce | | （二）對離婚的管轄權 |
| §70 Jurisdiction of State of Domicile of Both Spouses | | 第七十條 配偶雙方住所地州的管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage of spouses both of whom are domiciled in the state． | | 配偶雙方的住所均在其境內的州，有權就配偶雙方的離婚行使司法管轄權。 |
| §71 State of Domicile of One Spouse | | 第七十一條 配偶一方的住所地州 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage of spouses one of whom is domiciled in the state． | | 配偶一方的住所地州有權就配偶雙方的離婚行使司法管轄權。 |
| §72 State of Domicile of Neither Spouse | | 第七十二條 非配偶任何一方的住所地州 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage of spouses，neither of whom is domiciled in the state，if either spouse has such a relationship to the state as would make it reasonable for the state to dissolve the marriage． | | 配偶任何一方在其領土上均無住所的州與配偶一方有聯系，如該州基于此種聯系解除雙方婚姻是合理的，該州即有權對離婚行使司法管轄權。 |
| §73 Res Judicata | | 第七十三條 既判力 |
| A spouse who was personally subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the divorce state，and those in privity with him，may be precluded by application of the rules of res judicata of the divorce state from thereafter attacking the decree collaterally． | | 援引離婚地州有關既判力的規則，可以阻止受該州司法管轄的配偶一方以及與其有關的人此後間接對該離婚判決提出異議。 |
| §74 “Estoppel”to Deny Jurisdiction | | 第七十四條 “禁止”否認管轄權 |
| A person may be precluded from attacking the validity of a foreign divorce decree if，under the circumstances，it would be inequitable for him to do so． | | 如果在特定情況下，允許某人對一項外國離婚判決的效力提出異議是不合理的，則應予禁止 |
| Title C—Jurisdiction to Entertain Other Marital Suits | | （三）對其他婚姻訴訟的管轄權 |
| §75 Judicial Separation | | 第七十五條 司法分居 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to grant a judicial separation under the circumstances which would give the state jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage by divorce． | | 1．一州如有管轄權以離婚方式解除一項婚姻，則該州有權就批准司法分居行使司法管轄權。 |
| （2）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to grant a judicial separation when both spouses are personally subject to the jurisdiction of the state． | | 2．當配偶雙方均受一個州的司法管轄時，該州即有權就批准司法分居行使司法管轄權。 |
| §76 Nullity | | 第七十六條 無效 |
| （a）under the circumstances which would give the state jurisdiction to dissolve the marriage by divorce，or | | （1）在一州就以離婚方式解除一項婚姻享有管轄權的情況下，或者 |
| （b）if the respondent spouse is personally subject to the judicial jurisdiction of the state，and it is either the state where the marriage was contracted or is the state whose local law governs the validity of the marriage under the rule of§283． | | （2）如果被訴配偶受一州的司法管轄，而且該州是結婚地州或是根據第二百八十三條，其本地法支配該婚姻有效性的那個州。 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to nullify a marriage from its beginning | | 則該州有權行使司法管轄權以宣布該婚姻自始無效。 |
| §77 Support | | 第七十七條 扶養 |
| （1）A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to provide for the support of one spouse by the other spouse if it either has personal jurisdiction over the other spouse or has jurisdiction over the property of the other spouse，to the extent of such property． | | 1．如果一州對配偶另一方有管轄權，該州即有權行使司法管轄權，規定配偶一方由該另一方扶養，或者如果該州對配偶另一方的財產有管轄權，則它在該財產數額內也可以行使這種管轄權。 |
| （2）A state may not exercise judicial jurisdiction to absolve one spouse from any duty of support he may owe the other spouse in the absence of personal jurisdiction over the other spouse． | | 2．在對配偶另一方不享有管轄權時，一州不能行使司法管轄權以免除配偶一方對該另一方可能負有的扶養義務。 |
| Title D—Jurisdiction for Adoption | | （四）收養管轄權 |
| §78 Jurisdiction to Grant an Adoption | | 第七十八條 准予收養的管轄權 |
| A state has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to grant an adoption if | | 如果該州即有權行使司法管轄權以准予收養。 |
| （a）it is the state of domicile of either the adopted child or the adoptive parent，and | | （1）一州是被收養兒童或收養父（母）親的住所地州，而且 |
| （b）the adoptive parent and either the adopted child or the person having legal custody of the child ale subject to its personal jurisdiction． | | （2）收養父（母）親以及被收養兒童或依法監護該兒童的人均受該州的司法管轄。 |
| §79 Custody of the Person | | 第七十九條 人身監護 |
| A State has power to exercise judicial jurisdiction to determine the custody of the person of a child if one of the following conditions is met： | | 一州有權行使司法管轄權以決定對兒童的人身監護，如果下列條件之一得到滿足： |
| （A）such State（i）is the home State of the child on the date of the commencement of the proceeding，or （ii） had been the child's home state within six months before the date of the commencement of the proceeding and the child is absent from such State because of his removal or retention by a contestant or for other reasons，and a contestant continues to live in such state； | | （A）該州從訴訟程序開始之日起是該兒童的家庭所在地的州，或在訴訟程序開始之日前六個月內一直是該兒童的家庭所在地的州，而該兒童不在該州是因為監護權的爭奪者將其轉移或扣留或為其他理由，並且利害關系人一直居住在該州。 |
| （B）（i）it appears that no other State would have jurisdiction under subparagraph （A），and（ii）it is in the best interest of the child that a court of such State assume jurisdiction because （Ⅰ）the child and his parents，or the child and at least one contestant，have a significant connection with such State other than mere physical presence in such State，and（Ⅱ）there is available in such State substantial evidence concerning the child's present or future care，protection，training，and personal relationships； | | （B）看來沒有其他州根據（A）項具有管轄權，而且該州行使管轄權是最有利于該兒童的，因為該兒童和他的父母，或該兒童和至少一個監護權的爭奪者，與該州有密切聯系，而不僅僅是出現在該州，而是在該州與該兒童的現在或將來的照顧、保護、教育以及人身關系有關的重要證據均可獲得。 |
| （C）the child is physically present in such State and （i）the child has been abandoned，or （ii）it is necessary in an emergency to protect the child because he has been subjected to or threatened with mistreatment or abuse； | | （C）該兒童本人出現在該州，而且該兒童被遺棄，或在緊急情況下有必要保護該兒童因為他正在受虐待或有受虐待的威脅； |
| （D）（i）it appears that no other State would have jurisdiction under subparagraph（A），（B），or（C），or another state has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that the State whose jurisdiction is in issue is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the child，and （ii）it is in the best interest of the child that such court assume jurisdiction． | | （D）看來沒有其他州可根據（A）、（B）、（C）行使管轄權，或另一州拒絕行使管轄權，原因是管轄權有爭議的該州是決定該兒童監護更為合適的法院，而且該州法院行使管轄權是最有利于該兒童的。 |
| Chapter 4 Limitations on the Exercise of Judicial Jurisdiction | | 第四章 行使司法管轄權的限制 |
| Topic 1—Limitations Imposed by Contract | | 一、合同規定的限制 |
| §80 Limitations Imposed by Contract of Parties | | 第八十條 當事人之間合同規定的限制 |
| The parties'agreement as to the place of the action will be given effect unless it is unfair or unreasonable． | | 當事人關于訴訟地點的協議將被賦予效力，除非這樣一個協議是不公平或不合理。 |
| Topic 2—Limitations Imposed by the Forum | | 二、法院地規定的限制 |
| §81 Special Appearance | | 第八十一條 特別出庭 |
| A state will not exercise judicial jurisdiction over an individual who appears in the action for the sole purpose of objecting that there is no jurisdiction over him． | | 一州對出庭僅為抗辯對其管轄權的自然人將不行使司法管轄權。 |
| §82 Fraud and Force | | 第八十二條 欺詐或武力 |
| A state will not exercise judicial jurisdiction，which has been obtained by fraud or unlawful force，over a defendant or his property． | | 一州將不行使因欺詐或非法武力而取得的對被告或其財產的司法管轄權。 |
| §83 Immunity and Privilege | | 第八十三條 豁免與特權 |
| A state will not exercise judicial jurisdiction when inaction on its part is required by international law or by the needs of judicial administration． | | 一州在國際法或司法的需要要求其不行為時，將不行使司法管轄權。 |
| §84 Forum Non Conveniens | | 第八十四條 不便審理的法院 |
| A state will not exercise jurisdiction if it is a seriously inconvenient forum for the trial of the action provided that a more appropriate forum is available to the plaintiff． | | 如果一州作為某訴訟的審理法院十分不便，它將不行使管轄權。但原告無法向一個更為合適的法院起訴時除外。 |
| §85 Forum Unable to Grant Appropriate Relief | | 第八十五條 不能給予適當救濟的法院 |
| A state will not exercise judicial jurisdiction if it cannot provide appropriate relief． | | 如果一州不能提供適當的救濟，它將不行使司法管轄權。 |
| §86 Pendency of Foreign Action | | 第八十六條 未決的外州訴訟 |
| A State may entertain an action even though an action on the same claim is pending in another state． | | 一州可以受理一項訴訟，即使關于同一權利請求的訴訟正在另一州進行亦同。 |
| §87 Action for Trespass to Foreign Land | | 第八十七條 侵犯外州土地的訴訟 |
| A State may entertain an action that seeks to recover compensation for a trespass upon or harm done to land in another state． | | 一州可以受理因侵犯或損害另一州土地而要求賠償的訴訟。 |
| §88 Action on Covenant Running with the Land | | 第八十八條 關于隨土地轉移的合同的訴訟 |
| A state will entertain an action on a covenant running with land located in a foreign state． | | 一州將受理關于隨外州土地轉移的合同的訴訟。 |
| §89 Action for a Penalty | | 第八十九條 尋求刑罰的訴訟 |
| No action will be entertained on a foreign penal cause of action． | | 任何有關外州刑罰性訴因的訴訟將不予以受理。 |
| §90 Action Contrary to Public Policy | | 第九十條 違反公共政策的訴訟 |
| No action will be entertained on a foreign cause of action the enforcement of which is contrary to the strong public policy of the forum． | | 執行有關外州訴因的訴訟違反法院地強有力的公共政策時，任何此類訴訟將不予以受理。 |
| Topic 3—Limitations Sought to Be Imposed by the State of the Occurrence | | 三、事件發生地州規定的限制 |
| §91 Attempted Localization of Action | | 第九十一條 訴訟的地域限制意圖 |
| A State may entertain an action even though the state of the applicable law has provided that action on the particular claim shall not be brought outside its territory． | | 即使准據法州規定關于某特定權利請求的訴訟不得在其境外提起，其他州仍可受理該訴訟。 |
| Chapter 5 Judgments | | 第五章 判決 |
| Topic 1—Validity in General | | 一、有效性的基本規定 |
| §92 Requisites of a Valid Judgment | | 第九十二條 有效判決的要件 |
| A judgment is valid if | | 符合以下要件的，即為有效判決： |
| （a）the state in which it is rendered has jurisdiction to act judicially in the case；and | | （1）判決作成地州對案件有管轄權； |
| （b）a reasonable method of notification is employed and a reasonable opportunity to be heard is afforded to persons affected；and | | （2）采取合理的通知方式並給予受影響者以申辯的機會； |
| （c）the judgment is rendered by a competent court；and | | （3）判決是由主管法院作出的； |
| （d）there is compliance with such requirements of the state of rendition as are necessary for the valid exercise of power by the court． | | （4）符合判決作成地州關于法院有效行使權力的要求。 |
| Topic 2—Recognition of Foreign Judgments | | 二、外州判決的承認 |
| §93 Recognition of Sister State and Federal Court Judgments | | 第九十三條 姊妹州和聯邦法院判決的承認 |
| A valid judgment rendered in one State of the United States must be recognized in a sister State，except as stated in §§103—121． | | 除第一百零三條至第一百二十一條的規定外，在美國的一個州中做成的有效判決在一姊妹州中應得到承認。 |
| §94 Persons Affected | | 第九十四條 受影響者 |
| What persons are bound by a valid State judgment is determined，subject to constitutional limitations，by the local law of the State where the judgment was rendered． | | 除憲法規定的限制外，誰應受一項有效判決的約束，依該判決作成地州的本地法。 |
| §95 Issues Affected | | 第九十五條 受影響的問題 |
| What issues are determined by a valid State judgment is determined，subject to constitutional limitations，by the local law of the State where the judgment was rendered． | | 除憲法規定的限制外，一項有效判決所決定的問題範圍，依該判決作成地州的本地法。 |
| §96 Res Judicata as to Jurisdiction Over the Person | | 第九十六條 關于對人管轄權的既判力 |
| When a defendant appears in an action to object that the court has no jurisdiction over him and the court overrules the objection and renders judgment against him，the local law of the State where the judgment was rendered determines，subject to constitutional limitations，whether the parties are precluded from attacking the judgment collaterally on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction over the defendant． | | 除憲法規定的限制外，如被告出庭抗辯法院對他的管轄權，而法院駁回該抗辯並作出對他不利的判決，則在此情況下，當事人可否以該法院對被告無權管轄為由，間接地對該判決提出異議，由判決作成地州的本地法規定。 |
| §97 Res Judicata as to Jurisdiction Over Thing or Status or as to Competence Over Subject Matter | | 第九十七條 關于對物或身份管轄權或者關于對訴訟標的管轄權的既判力 |
| When a court has jurisdiction over the parties，the local law of the State where the judgment was rendered determines，subject to constitutional limitations，whether the parties are precluded from collaterally attacking the judgment on the ground that the court had no jurisdiction over the thing or status involved or lacked competence over the subject matter of the controversy． | | 除憲法規定的限制外，如法院對當事人有管轄權，則當事人可否以該法院對涉訟的物或身份或者爭議標的無權管轄為由，間接地對該判決提出異議，由判決作成地州的本地法決定。 |
| §98 Recognition of Foreign Nation Judgments | | 第九十八條 外國判決的承認 |
| A valid judgment rendered in a foreign nation after fair trial in a contested proceeding will be recognized in the United States so far as the immediate parties and the underlying claim are concerned． | | 在外國經辯論程序公正審理後作出的有效判決，其對直接當事人及訴因的效力應為美國所承認。 |
| Topic 3—Enforcement of Foreign Judgments | | 三、外州判決的執行 |
| §99 Methods of Enforcement | | 第九十九條 執行的方式 |
| The local law of the forum determines the methods by which a judgment of another state is enforced． | | 執行另一州判決的方式依法院地的本地法。 |
| §100 Enforcement of Money Judgments | | 第一百條 金錢判決的執行 |
| A valid judgment for the payment of money rendered in a State of the United States will be enforced in a sister State，except as stated in§§103—121． | | 除第一百零三條至第一百二十一條的規定外，在美國一州中做成的支付金錢的有效判決，應為姊妹州所執行。 |
| §101 Amount for Which Judgment May Be Enforced | | 第一百零一條 可執行的判決金額 |
| A valid judgment for the payment of money will be enforced in other states only in the amount for which it is enforceable in the state where it was rendered． | | 支付金額的有效判決，在其他州內將被執行的金額為該判決在其做成地州能夠得到執行的金額。 |
| §102 Enforcement of Judgment Ordering or Enjoining Act | | 第一百零二條 有關命令或禁止行為的判決的執行 |
| A valid judgment that orders the doing of an act other than the payment of money，or that enjoins the doing of an act，may be enforced，or be the subject of remedies，in other states． | | 命令為支付金錢以外行為的，或禁止行為的有效判決，可以在其他州得到執行，或者作為救濟的內容。 |
| Topic 4—Defenses to Recognition and Enforcement | | 四、對承認和執行的抗辯 |
| §103 Limitations on Full Faith and Credit | | 第一百零三條 完全誠意與信任 |
| A judgment rendered in one State of the United States need not be recognized or enforced in a sister State if such recognition or enforcement is not required by the national policy of full faith and credit because it would involve an improper interference with important interests of the sister State． | | 如果承認和執行在美國一州中做成的判決，將使其姊妹州的重大利益受到不應有的幹涉，因而不符合完全誠意與信任這一國家政策的要求，則該姊妹州無須承認和執行該判決。 |
| §104 Judgment Rendered Without Judicial Jurisdiction or Without Adequate Notice or Opportunity to Be Heard | | 第一百零四條 無司法管轄權或者未予適當通知申辯機會情況下做成的判決 |
| A judgment rendered without judicial jurisdiction or without adequate notice or adequate opportunity to be heard will not be recognized or enforced in other states． | | 無司法管轄權或者未予適當通知或適當申辯機會情況下做成的判決，其他州應不予承認和執行。 |
| §105 Judgment Rendered by Court Lacking Competence | | 第一百零五條 非主管法院作出的判決 |
| A judgment rendered by a court lacking competence to render it and for that reason subject to collateral attack in the state of rendition will not be recognized or enforced in other states． | | 由非主管法院作出的，因缺乏主管而可能在其做成地受到間接異議的判決，將不為其他州所承認和執行。 |
| §106 Erroneous Judgment | | 第一百零六條 錯誤的判決 |
| A judgment will be recognized and enforced in other states even though an error of fact or of law was made in the proceedings before judgment，except as stated in§105． | | 除第一百零五條的規定外，在判決前的訴訟程序中發生事實性或法律性錯誤的判決，其他州仍應予以承認和執行。 |
| §107 Non—Final Judgment | | 第一百零七條 非終審判決 |
| A judgment will not be recognized or enforced in other states insofar as it is not a final determination under the local law of the state of rendition． | | 依據作成地州本地法非為最終決定的判決，其他州應不予承認和執行。 |
| §108 Amount of Judgment Uncertain | | 第一百零八條 判決數額未定 |
| A judgment for the payment of money will not be enforced in other states unless the amount to be paid has been finally determined under the local law of the state of rendition． | | 除非依據作成地州的本地法，有關支付金額的判決數額已經最終確定，否則判決將不為其他州所執行。 |
| §109 Modifiable Judgment | | 第一百零九條 可修改的判決 |
| A court will recognize or enforce a judgment rendered in a State of the United States that remains subject to modification in the State of rendition． | | 法院可以自由地承認和執行依據作成地州本地法可做修改的判決。 |
| §110 Judgment Not on the Merits | | 第一百一十條 非有關訴因實質的判決 |
| A judgment that is not on the merits will be recognized in other states only as to issues actually decided． | | 非有關訴因實質的判決，僅在其實際決定的問題範圍內，其他州應予承認。 |
| §111 Conditional Judgment | | 第一百一十一條 附條件的判決 |
| A judgment will not be enforced in other states if the judgment is not subject to enforcement in the state of rendition because the judgment is subject to a condition not yet performed． | | 因受未履行條件的限制而不能在其做成地州執行的判決，其他州應不予執行。 |
| §112 Vacated Judgment | | 第一百一十二條 失效的判決 |
| A judgment will not be enforced in other states if it has been vacated in the state of rendition． | | 在其做成地州失效的判決，其他州應不予執行。 |
| §113 Effect of Injunction Against Holder of Judgment | | 第一百一十三條 禁令對判決持有人的效力 |
| A judgment will not be enforced in other states if the holder of the judgment has been permanently enjoined from enforcing the judgment． | | 如果判決的持有人被永久地禁止執行該判決，則該判決不為其他州執行。 |
| §114 Inconsistent Judgments | | 第一百一十四條 不一致的判決 |
| A judgment rendered in a State of the United States will not be recognized or enforced in sister States if an inconsistent，but valid，judgment is subsequently rendered in another action between the parties and if the earlier judgment is superseded by the later judgment under the local law of the State where the later judgment was rendered． | | 如果與前一判決不一致但有效的判決，在該當事人之間後來的另一訴訟中作成，而且依據後一判決作成地州的本地法，後一判決在效力上優于前一判決，則在美國一州中做成的前一判決應不為其他姊妹州所承認或執行。 |
| §115 Equitable Relief Available Against Judgment in State of Rendition | | 第一百一十五條 判決作成地州對判決的衡平法救濟 |
| A judgment will not be recognized or enforced in other states if upon the facts shown to the court equitable relief could be obtained against the judgment in the state of rendition． | | 如果根據向法院證明的事實，在判決作成地州可以就該判決獲得衡平法上的救濟，則該判決將不為其他州所承認和執行。 |
| §116 Payment or Other Discharge | | 第一百一十六條 支付或其他方式的執行 |
| A judgment will not be enforced in other states if the judgment has been discharged by payment or otherwise under the local law of the state of rendition． | | 如果依據其作成地州的本地法，一項判決已以支付或其他方式得到執行，則該判決將不為其他州所執行。 |
| §117 Original Claim Contrary to Public Policy of State Where Enforcement of Judgment Is Sought | | 第一百一十七條 原始訴訟請求有悖于申請執行判決地州的公共政策 |
| A valid judgment rendered in one State of the United States will be recognized and enforced in a sister State even though the strong public policy of the latter State would have precluded recovery in its courts on the original claim． | | 即使由于美國一州強有力的公共政策，原始訴訟請求在該州法院中本無法勝訴，但在∼姊妹州中就同一請求做成的有效判決得為前一州所承認和執行。 |
| §118 Statute of Limitations | | 第一百一十八條 訴訟時效 |
| （1）A valid judgment rendered in a State of the United States will be enforced in a sister State although action on the original claim was barred by the statute of limitations of the sister State at the time when the judgment was rendered． | | 1．在美國的一州中做成的有效判決，應為姊妹州所執行，即使在判決作成時，根據原始請求的訴訟為該姊妹州的訴訟時效所禁止。 |
| （2）A valid judgment rendered in a State of the United States may be denied enforcement in a sister State if suit on the judgment is barred by the sister State's statute of limitations applicable to judgments． | | 2．在美國一州中做成的有效判決，如其執行訴訟為姊妹州適用于判決的訴訟時效所禁止，則將不為該姊妹州所執行。 |
| §119 Original Suit Brought by One Not Real Party in Interest | | 第一百一十九條 原訴由非利害關系人提起 |
| A valid judgment rendered in a State of the United States will be recognized and enforced in a sister State even though the original action was brought by one who was not a real party in interest according to the local law of the sister State． | | 在美國一州中做成的有效判決，應為姊妹州所承認和執行，即使依據該姊妹州的本地法，原訴是由非利害關系人提起的 |
| §120 Judgment on Governmental Claim | | 第一百二十條 依據政府請求做成的判決 |
| A valid judgment rendered on a non—penal governmental claim in a State of the United States will be recognized and enforced in a sister State． | | 在美國一州中依據非懲罰性的政府請求做成的有效判決，應為姊妹州所承認和執行。 |
| §121 Reversal of Prior Judgment | | 第一百二十一條 前判決的推翻 |
| The effect of the reversal of a prior judgment upon a later judgment in a second state that is based on the prior judgment is determined by the local law of the State where the later judgment was rendered． | | 前一判決的推翻對在另一州依據該判決做成的後一判決的效力，依後一判決作成地州的本地法。 |
| Chapter 6 Procedure | | 第六章 程序 |
| Topic 1—The General Principle | | 一、總則 |
| §122 Issues Relating to Judicial Administration | | 第一百二十二條 與司法有關的問題 |
| A court usually applies its own local law rules prescribing how litigation shall be conducted even when it applies the local law rules of another state to resolve other issues in the case． | | 訴訟程序規則，通常由法院地州的本地法確定，即使法院對案件中其他問題適用另一州的本地法。 |
| Topic 2—Specific Applications of General Principle | | 二、總則的具體運用 |
| Title A—Rules for Management of Litigation | | （一）訴訟管理規則 |
| §123 Proper Court | | 第一百二十三條 主管法院 |
| The local law of the forum determines which of its courts，if any，may entertain an action on a claim involving foreign elements． | | 法院地哪一法院可以受理含有外州因素請求的訴訟，由該法院地的本地法確定。 |
| §124 Form of Action | | 第一百二十四條 訴訟形式 |
| The local law of the forum determines the form in which a proceeding may be instituted on a claim involving foreign elements． | | 含有外州因素的請求，其起訴的程序依法院地法的本地法。 |
| §125 Parties | | 第一百二十五條 當事人 |
| The local law of the forum determines who may and who must be parties to a proceeding unless the substantial rights and duties of the parties would be affected by the determination of this issue． | | 除非當事人的基本權利和義務受到影響，否則可能的和必然的訴訟當事人的範圍，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §126 Service of Process and Notice | | 第一百二十六條 傳票及通知的送達 |
| The local law of the forum determines the method of serving process and of giving notice of the proceeding to the defendant． | | 向被告送達傳票及通知訴訟程序的方式，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §127 Pleading and Conduct of Proceedings | | 第一百二十七條 辯論及程序的進行 |
| The local law of the forum governs rules of pleading and the conduct of proceedings in court． | | 辯論和在法院進行訴訟程序的規則，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §128 Set—Off，Counterclaim or Other Defense | | 第一百二十八條 抵消、反訴或其他抗辯 |
| The forum will apply its own local law in determining whether a claim may be pleaded by way of set—off，counterclaim or other defense unless under the otherwise applicable law the defendant's claim，if allowed，would operate to qualify the plaintiffs claim in whole or in part Article In the latter event，the defendant will be permitted to plead his claim as a defense． | | 可否通過抵消、反訴或其他辯護理由對某項請求提出抗辯，由法院地的本地法確定。但依應予適用的法律，被告的請求如被允許將使原告的請求成立時除外。在後一種情況下，被告將被准許以自己的請求作為抗辯。 |
| §129 Mode of Trial | | 第一百二十九條 審理方式 |
| The local law of the forum determines whether an issue shall be tried by the court or by a jury． | | 一事件究應由法官審理抑或由陪審團審理，由法院的本地法確定。 |
| §130 Methods of Securing Obedience to Court | | 第一百三十條 確保服從法院的方法 |
| The local law of the forum determines the methods of securing obedience to orders of the court． | | 確保遵守法院命令的方法，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §131 Enforcement of Judgment | | 第一百三十一條 判決的執行 |
| The local law of the forum determines the manner of enforcing a judgment． | | 執行判決的方式，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §132 Exemptions | | 第一百三十二條 豁免 |
| The local law of the forum determines what property of a debtor within the state is exempt from execution unless another state，by reason of such circumstances as the domicile of the creditor and the debtor within its territory，has the dominant interest in the question of exemption．In that event，the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 債務人在州內的哪些財產免于執行，由法院地的本地法確定。但另一州因債權人和債務人的住所位于其領土之內而對豁免問題具有主要利益時除外。在後種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §133 Burden of Proof | | 第一百三十三條 舉證責任 |
| The forum will apply its own local law in determining which party has the burden of persuading the trier of fact on a particular issue unless the primary purpose of the relevant rule of the state of the otherwise applicable law is to affect decision of the issue rather than to regulate the conduct of the trial．In that event，the rule of the state of the otherwise applicable law will be applied． | | 法院將適用其本地法決定在某個特定問題上，如一方當事人負有說服陪審團的責任，但如法院地法不適用，而應適用其法律的那個州之有關規則的主要目的不是規定的審理程序，而是影響對該問題的決定時除外，在後種情況下，依應適用其法律的那個州的規則。 |
| §134 Burden of Going Forward with the Evidence；Presumptions | | 第一百三十四條 出示證據的責任、推定 |
| The forum will apply its own local law in determining which party has the burden of going forward with the evidence on a particular issue unless the primary purpose of the relevant rule of the state of the otherwise applicable law is to affect decision of the issue rather than to regulate the conduct of the trial．In that event，the rule of the state of the otherwise applicable law will be applied． | | 法院將適用其本地法法定在某個特定問題上，哪一方當事人負有出示證據的責任，但如法院地法不適用，而應適用其法律的那個州之有關規則的主要目的不是規定審理程序，而是影響對該問題的決定時除外。在後種情況下，依應適用其法律的那個州的規則。 |
| §135 Sufficiency of Evidence | | 第一百三十五條 證據的充分性 |
| The local law of the forum determines whether a party has introduced sufficient evidence to warrant a finding in his favor on an issue of fact，except as stated in§§133—134． | | 除第一百三十三條和第一百三十四條的規定外，一當事人是否在某個事實問題上已提出充分的證據而使事實認定對其有利，由法院地的本地法確定。 |
| §136 Notice and Proof of Foreign Law | | 第一百三十六條 外州法的聲明和證明 |
| （1）The local law of the forum determines the need to give notice of reliance on foreign law，the form of notice and the effect of a failure to give such notice． | | 1．聲明依據外州法的必要性、聲明的形式以及未作此項聲明的後果，依法院地的本地法。 |
| （2）The local law of the forum determines how the content of foreign law is to be shown and the effect of a failure to show such content． | | 2．證明外州法內容的方法以及未能證明的後果，依法院地的本地法。 |
| Title B—Witnesses and Evidence | | （二）證人和證據 |
| §137 Witnesses | | 第一百三十七條 證人 |
| The local law of the forum determines what witnesses are competent to testify and the considerations that may affect their credibility． | | 何種人有資格作證以及影響他們可靠性的因素，依法院地的本地法。 |
| § 138 Evidence | | 第一百三十八條 證據 |
| The local law of the forum determines the admissibility of evidence，except as stated in§§139—141． | | 除第一百三十九條至第一百四十一條的規定外，證據的可接受性，依法院地的本地法。 |
| §139 Privileged Communications | | 第一百三十九條 有權保密的陳述 |
| （1）Evidence that is not privileged under the local law of the state which has the most significant relationship with the communication will be admitted，even though it would be privileged under the local law of the forum，unless the admission of such evidence would be contrary to the strong public policy of the forum． | | 1．對一項證據，即使依法院地的本地法有權保密，但如依與陳述有最重要聯系之州的本地法無權保密，則該證據應被接受，除非接受此種證據將違反法院地強有力的公共政策。 |
| （2）Evidence that is privileged under the local law of the state which has the most significant relationship with the communication but which is not privileged under the local law of the forum will be admitted unless there is some special reason why the forum policy favoring admission should not be given effect． | | 2．對一項證據，依與陳述有最重要聯系之州的本地法有權保密，而依法院地的本地法無權保密，則該證據應被接受，但有特殊原因使接受證據的政策不應生效時除外。 |
| §140 Integrated Contracts（Parol Evidence Rule） | | 第一百四十條 以書面訂立的合同（口頭證據規則） |
| Whether a contract is integrated in a writing and，if so，the effects of integration are determined by the local law of the state selected by application of the rules of§§187—188． | | 合同是否以書面訂立以及經書面訂立的合同的效力，依適用第一百八十七條和第一百八十八條規則所選擇的州的本地法。 |
| §141 Statute of Frauds | | 第一百四十一條 欺詐法 |
| Whether a contract must be in writing，or evidenced by a writing，in order to be enforceable is determined by the law selected by application of the rules of§§187—188． | | 合同是否必須采用書面形式或以書面形式證明才能得到執行，依適用第一百八十七條和第一百八十八條規則所選擇的州的本地法。 |
| §142 Statute of Limitations of Forum | | 第一百四十二條 法院地的訴訟時效 |
| Whether a claim will be maintained against the defense of the statute of limitations is determined under the principles stated in §6．In general，unless the exceptional circumstances of the case make such a result unreasonable： | | 涉及訴訟時效而提起的訴訟請求是否得到支持受第6條之原則支配。一般來講，除非案件的特定情形會帶來不合理的結果，否則： |
| （1）The forum will apply its own statute of limitations barring the claim． | | 1．法院適用本地的訴訟時效規則拒絕該訴訟請求； |
| （2）The forum will apply its own statute of limitations permitting the claim unless： | | 2．法院適用本地的訴訟時效規則受理該訴訟請求，除非： |
| （a）maintenance of the claim would serve no substantial interest of the forum；and | | （1）支持該訴訟請求對法院無任何實質益處； |
| （b）the claim would be barred under the statute of limitations of a state having a more significant relationship to the parties and the occurrence． | | （2）根據與當事人及案件有更重要聯系的州的訴訟時效規則，該訴訟請求會遭到拒絕。 |
| §143 Foreign Statute of Limitations Barring the Right | | 第一百四十三條 禁止權利的外州訴訟時效 |
| REPORTERS NOTES：Changes：New§142 is substituted for original§§142 and 143． | | 報告人注：修改內容：新的第142條取代原來的第142和143條。 |
| Topic 3—Conversion of Foreign Currency | | 三、外幣的兌換 |
| §144 Time for Converting Foreign Currency Into Local Currency | | 第一百四十四條 外幣換成本地貨幣的時間 |
| When in a suit for the recovery of money damages the cause of action is governed by the local law of another state，the forum will convert the currency in which recovery would have been granted in the other state into local currency as of the date of the award． | | 在金錢賠償訴訟中，當訴因由另一州的本地法支配時，法院將把判決之日該另一州用以賠償的貨幣換成本地貨幣。 |
| Chapter 7 Wrongs | | 第七章 過錯行為 |
| Topic 1—Torts | | 一、侵權行為 |
| Title A—The General Principle | | （一）總則 |
| §145 The General Principle | | 第一百四十五條 總則 |
| （1）The rights and liabilities of the parties with respect to an issue in tort are determined by the local law of the state which，with respect to that issue，has the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties under the principles stated in§6． | | 1．當事人在侵權行為某個問題上的權利義務，依在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，與該事件及當事人有最重要聯系的州的本地法。 |
| （2）Contacts to be taken into account in applying the principles of§6 to determine the law applicable to an issue include： | | 2．在采用第六條的原則決定適用于某個問題的法律時，應當加以考慮的聯系包括： |
| （a）the place where the injury occurred， | | （1）損害發生地。 |
| （b）the place where the conduct causing the injury occurred， | | （2）加害行為發生地。 |
| （c）the domicile，residence，nationality，place of incorporation and place of business of the parties，and | | （3）當事人的住所、居所、國籍、公司成立地和營業地，和 |
| （d）the place where the relationship，if any，between the parties is centered． | | （4）當事人之間有聯系時其聯系最集中的地方。 |
| These contacts are to be evaluated according to their relative importance with respect to the particular issue． | | 這些聯系應按其對特定問題的重要程度加以衡量。 |
| Title B—Particular Torts | | （二）特殊的侵權行為 |
| §146 Personal Injuries | | 第一百四十六條 人身損害 |
| In an action for a personal injury，the local law of the state where the injury occurred determines the rights and liabilities of the parties，unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 在人身損害訴訟中，當事人的權利義務依損害發生地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §147 Injuries to Tangible Things | | 第一百四十七條 對有形物的損害 |
| In an action for an injury to land or other tangible thing，the local law of the state where the injury occurred determines the rights and liabilities of the parties unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence，the thing and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 在有關損害土地及其他有形物的訴訟中，當事人的權利義務依損害發生地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規則的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §148 Fraud and Misrepresentation | | 第一百四十八條 欺詐及虛假陳述 |
| （1）When the plaintiff has suffered pecuniary harm on account of his reliance on the defendant's false representations and when the plaintiff's action in reliance took place in the state where the false representations were made and received，the local law of this state determines the rights and liabilities of the parties unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 1．當原告因信賴被告的虛假陳述而遭受金錢損失，而且原告是在該虛假陳述作出及收到地州根據這種陳述采取行動時，當事人的權利義務依該州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規則的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外，在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| （2）When the plaintiff's action in reliance took place in whole or in part in a state other than that where the false representations were made，the forum will consider such of the following contacts，among others，as may be present in the particular case in determining the state which，with respect to the particular issue，has the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties： | | 2．當原告根據這種陳述在該虛假陳述地州以外的一州中采取全部或部分行動時，法院為決定在該特定問題上與該事件及當事人有最重要聯系的州，將至少考慮下述可能發生的聯系： |
| （a）the place，or places，where the plaintiff acted in reliance upon the defendant's representations， | | （1）原告根據被告的陳述而采取行動的地方； |
| （b）the place where the plaintiff received the representations， | | （2）原告收到該陳述的地方； |
| （c）the place where the defendant made the representations， | | （3）被告作出該陳述的地方； |
| （d）the domicile，residence，nationality，place of incorporation and place of business of the parties， | | （4）當事人的住所、居所、國籍、公司成立地和營業地； |
| （e）the place where a tangible thing which is the subject of the transaction between the parties was situated at the time，and | | （5）作為當事人間交易標的的有形物當時的所在地； |
| （f）the place where the plaintiff is to render performance under a contract which he has been induced to enter by the false representations of the defendant． | | （6）根據受被告引誘而簽訂的合同，原告將履行合同的地方。 |
| §149 Defamation | | 第一百四十九條 誹謗 |
| In an action for defamation，the local law of the state where the publication occurs determines the rights and liabilities of the parties，except as stated in§150，unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 除第一百五十條的規定外，在有關誹謗的訴訟中，當事人的權利義務依出版地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §150 Multistate Defamation | | 第一百五十條 跨州誹謗 |
| （1）The rights and liabilities that arise from defamatory matter in any one edition of a book or newspaper，or any one broadcast over radio or television，exhibition of a motion picture，or similar aggregate communication are determined by the local law of the state which，with respect to the particular issue，has the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties under the principles stated in§6． | | 1．因書籍或報紙的任何一個版本、或電台或電視台的任何一次廣播、電影的任何一次放映或類似的一次性傳播中的誹謗性內容而引起的權利義務，依在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，與該事件或當事人有最重要聯系的州的本地法。 |
| （2）When a natural person claims that he has been defamed by an aggregate communication，the state of most significant relationship will usually be the state where the person was domiciled at the time，if the matter complained of was published in that state． | | 2．當一個自然人聲稱他受到一次性傳播的誹謗時，如果被指控的內容在該人當時的住所地州出版，則該州通常即為具有最重要聯系的州。 |
| （3）When a corporation，or other legal person，claims that it has been defamed by an aggregate communication，the state of most significant relationship will usually be the state where the corporation，or other legal person，had its principal place of business at the time，if the matter complained of was published in that state． | | 3．當一個公司或其他法人聲稱其受到一次性傳播的誹謗時，如果被指控的內容在該公司或其他法人當時的主要營業地州出版，則該州通常即為具有最重要聯系的州。 |
| §151 Injurious Falsehood | | 第一百五十一條 傷害性虛假陳述 |
| The choice—of—law rules involving injurious falsehood are the same as those involving defamation． | | 有關傷害性陳述的法律選擇規則與有關誹謗的相同。 |
| §152 Right of Privacy | | 第一百五十二條 隱私權 |
| In an action for an invasion of a right of privacy，the local law of the state where the invasion occurred determines the rights and liabilities of the parties，except as stated in§153，unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 除第一百五十三條的規定外，在有關侵犯隱私權的訴訟中，當事人的權利義務依侵犯行為發生地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §153 Multistate Invasion of Privacy | | 第一百五十三條 對隱私的跨州侵犯 |
| The rights and liabilities that arise from matter that invades a plaintiff's right of privacy and is contained in any one edition of a book or newspaper，or any one broadcast over radio or television，exhibition of a motion picture，or similar aggregate communication are determined by the local law of the state which，with respect to the particular issue，has the most significant relationship to the occurrence and the parties under the principles stated in§6．This will usually be the state where the plaintiff was domiciled at the time if the matter complained of was published in that state． | | 因包含在書籍或報紙的任何一個版本、或電台中電視台的任何一次廣播、電影的任何一次放映或類似的一次性傳播中的侵犯原告隱私權的內容而引起的權利義務，依在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，與該事件及當事人有最重要聯系的州的本地法。如果被指控的內容在原告住所地州出版，該州通常即為具有最重要聯系的州。 |
| §154 Interference with Marriage Relationship | | 第一百五十四條 幹涉婚姻關系 |
| The local law of the state where the conduct complained of principally occurred determines the liability of one who interferes with a marriage relationship，unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 幹涉婚姻者的責任，依被指控的行為主要發生地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| §155 Malicious Prosecution and Abuse of Process | | 第一百五十五條 惡意控告及濫用法律程序 |
| The rights and liabilities of the parties for malicious prosecution or abuse of process are determined by the local law of the state where the proceeding complained of occurred，unless，with respect to the particular issue，some other state has a more significant relationship under the principles stated in§6 to the occurrence and the parties，in which event the local law of the other state will be applied． | | 有關惡意控告及濫用法律程序的當事人的權利義務，依被指控的程序發生地州的本地法。但在該特定問題上，按照第六條規定的原則，某另一州與該事件及當事人有更重要聯系時除外。在後一種情況下，依該另一州的本地法。 |
| Title C—Important Issues | | （三）重要問題 |
| §156 Tortious Character of Conduct | | 第一百五十六條 行為的侵權性 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether the actor's conduct was tortious． | | 1．行為人的行為是否具有侵權性質，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §157 Standard of Care | | 第一百五十七條 謹慎的標准 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines the standard of care by which the actor's conduct shall be judged． | | 1．判定行為人行為的謹慎標准，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §158 Title Interest End to Legal Protection | | 第一百五十八條 有權受法律保護的權益 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether the interest affected is entitled to legal protection． | | 1．受影響的權益是否有權得到法律的保護，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §159 Duty Owed Plaintiff | | 第一百五十九條 對原告負有的義務 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether the actor owed a duty to the injured person and whether this duty was violated． | | 1．行為人是否對被傷害者負有義務以及該義務是否被違反，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §160 Legal Cause | | 第一百六十條 法律原因 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether an act or omission is the legal cause of an injury． | | 1．某一行為或不行為是否為某一傷害的法律原因，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §161 Defenses | | 第一百六十一條 抗辯 |
| The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines what defenses to the plaintiff's claim may be raised on the merits． | | 在訴因實質方面，可對原告的訴訟請求提出何種抗辯，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| §162 Specific Conditions of Liability | | 第一百六十二條 義務的具體條件 |
| （1）The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether the doing of an act or the happening of an event must precede the creation of liability． | | 1．進行某一行為或發生某一事件是否為義務產生所必不可少的先決條件，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| （2）The applicable law will usually be the local law of the state where the injury occurred． | | 2．應適用的法律通常為傷害發生地州的本地法。 |
| §163 Duty or Privilege to Act | | 第一百六十三條 有責任或有權行為 |
| The law selected by application of the rule of§145 determines whether a person is excused from liability by reason of the fact that his action was required or privileged by the local law of the state where he acted． | | 某人是否因其行為根據行為地州的本地法屬必須或有權進行者而免除義務，依適用第一百四十五條規則所選擇的法律。 |
| §164 Contributory Fault | | 第一百六十四條 原告的錯誤 |
| ．．．．．． | | ．．．．．． |
Dear visitor,you are attempting to view a subscription-based section of lawinfochina.com. If you are already a subscriber, please login to enjoy access to our databases . If you are not a subscriber, please subscribe . Should you have any questions, please contact us at:
+86 (10) 8268-9699 or +86 (10) 8266-8266 (ext. 153)
Mobile: +86 133-1157-0713
Fax: +86 (10) 8266-8268
database@chinalawinfo.com
| |
您好：您現在要進入的是北大法律英文網會員專區，如您是我們英文用戶可直接 登錄，進入會員專區查詢您所需要的信息；如您還不是我們 的英文用戶，請注冊並交納相應費用成為我們的英文會員 。如有問題請來電咨詢；
Tel: +86 (10) 82689699, +86 (10) 82668266 ext. 153
Mobile: +86 13311570713
Fax: +86 (10) 82668268
E-mail: database@chinalawinfo.com
|
| | | |
| | | |