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CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1,1979, promulgated by Order No. 6 of the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 7, 1979, and effective as of January 1, 1980)
| | 中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法
（一九七九年七月一日第五屆全國人民代表大會第二次會議通過 一九七九年七月七日全國人民代表大會常務委員會委員長令第六號公布 一九八０年一月一日起施行）
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CONTENTS
| | 目 錄
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PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
| | 第一編 總 則
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CHAPTER I THE GUIDING IDEOLOGY, AIM AND BASIC PRINCIPLES
| | 第一章 指導思想、任務和基本原則
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CHAPTER II JURISDICTION
| | 第二章 管轄
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CHAPTER III WITHDRAWAL
| | 第三章 回避
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CHAPTER IV DEFENCE
| | 第四章 辯護
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CHAPTER V EVIDENCE
| | 第五章 證據
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CHAPTER VI COMPULSORY MEASURES
| | 第六章 強制措施
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CHAPTER VII INCIDENTAL CIVIL ACTIONS
| | 第七章 附帶民事訴訟
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CHAPTER VIII TIME PERIODS AND SERVICE
| | 第八章 期間、送達
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CHAPTER IX OTHER PROVISIONS
| | 第九章 其他規定
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PART TWO FILIING A CASE, INVESTIGATION AND INITIATION OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第二編 立案、偵查和提起公訴
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CHAPTER I FILING A CASE
| | 第一章 立案
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CHAPTER II INVESTIGATION
| | 第二章 偵查
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SECTION 1 INTERROGATION OF THE DEFENDANT
| | 第一節 訊問被告人
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SECTION 2 QUESTIONING OF THE WITNESSES
| | 第二節 詢問證人
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SECTION 3 INQUEST AND EXAMINATION
| | 第三節 勘驗、檢查
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SECTION 4 SEARCH
| | 第四節 搜查
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SECTION 5 SEIZURE OF MATERIAL EVIDENCE AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
| | 第五節 扣押物證、書證
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SECTION 6 EXPERT EVALUATION
| | 第六節 鑒定
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SECTION 7 WANTED ORDERS
| | 第七節 通緝
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SECTION 8 CONCLUSION OF INVESTIGATION
| | 第八節 偵查終結
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CHAPTER III INITIATION OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第三章 提起公訴
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PART THREE TRIAL
| | 第三編 審 判
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CHAPTER I TRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
| | 第一章 審判組織
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CHAPTER II PROCEDURE OF FIRST INSTANCE
| | 第二章 第一審程序
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SECTION 1 CASES OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第一節 公訴案件
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SECTION 2 CASES OF PRIVATE PROSECUTION
| | 第二節 自訴案件
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CHAPTER III PROCEDURE OF SECOND INSTANCE
| | 第三章 第二審程序
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CHAPTER IV PROCEDURE FOR REVIEW OF DEATH SENTENCES
| | 第四章 死刑複核程序
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CHAPTER V PROCEDURE FOR TRIAL SUPERVISION
| | 第五章 審判監督程序
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PART FOUR EXECUTION
| | 第四編 執 行
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PART ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS
| | 第一編 總 則
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CHAPTER I THE GUIDING IDEOLOGY, AIM AND BASIC PRINCIPLES
| | 第一章 指導思想、任務和基本原則
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Article 1. The Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, which takes Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought as its guide and the Constitution as its basis, is formulated in the light of the concrete experiences of the people of all China's nationalities in carrying out the people's democratic dictatorship, led by the proletariat and based on the worker-peasant alliance, that is, the dictatorship of the proletariat, and in accordance with the actual need to strike the enemy and protect the people.
| | 第一條 中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法，以馬克思列甯主義毛澤東思想為指針，以憲法為根據，結合我國各族人民實行無產階級領導的、工農聯盟為基礎的人民民主專政即無產階級專政的具體經驗和打擊敵人、保護人民的實際需要制定。
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Article 2. The aim of the Criminal Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China is to ensure that the facts of crimes shall be accurately and promptly ascertained, that the application of law shall be correct and that criminals shall be punished; to guarantee that innocent people shall not undergo criminal prosecution; to educate citizens to voluntarily observe the law and actively struggle against criminal acts, in order to uphold the socialist legal system; to protect the citizens rights of the person, democratic rights and other rights; and to guarantee the smooth progress of the cause of the socialist revolution and socialist construction.
| | 第二條 中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法的任務，是保證准確、及時地查明犯罪事實，正確應用法律，懲罰犯罪分子，保障無罪的人不受刑事追究，教育公民自覺遵守法律，積極同犯罪行為作鬥爭，以維護社會主義法制，保護公民的人身權利、民主權利和其它權利，保障社會主義革命和社會主義建設事業的順利進行。
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Article 3. The public security organs shall be responsible for investigation, detention and preliminary examination in criminal cases. The people's procuratorates shall be responsible for approving arrests, conducting procuratorial work (including investigation) and initiating public prosecution. The people's courts shall be responsible for adjudication. No other organ, organization or individual shall have the right to exercise such powers.
In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs must strictly observe this Law and any relevant stipulations of other laws.
| | 第三條 對刑事案件的偵查、拘留、預審，由公安機關負責。批准逮捕和檢察（包括偵查）、提起公訴，由人民檢察院負責。審判由人民法院負責。其他任何機關、團體和個人都無權行使這些權力。
人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關進行刑事訴訟，必須嚴格遵守本法和其他法律的有關規定。
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Article 4. In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs must rely on the masses, base themselves on facts and take the law as the criterion. The law applies equally to all citizens and no privilege whatsoever is permissible before the law.
| | 第四條 人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關進行刑事訴訟，必須依靠群眾，必須以事實為根據，以法律為准繩。對于一切公民，在適用法律上一律平等，在法律面前，不允許有任何特權。
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Article 5. In conducting criminal proceedings, the people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall divide the responsibilities, coordinate their efforts and check each other to ensure the correct and effective enforcement of the law.
| | 第五條 人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關進行刑事訴訟，應當分工負責，互相配合，互相制約，以保證准確有效地執行法律。
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Article 6. Citizens of all nationalities shall have the right to use their native spoken and written languages in court proceedings. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall provide translations for any party to the court proceedings who is not familiar with the spoken or written language commonly used in the locality.
Where people of a minority nationality live in a concentrated community or where a number of nationalities live together in one area, court hearings shall be conducted in the spoken language commonly used in the locality, and judgments, notices and other documents shall be issued in the written language commonly used in the locality.
| | 第六條 各民族公民都有用本民族語言文字進行訴訟的權利。人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關對于不通曉當地通用的語言文字的訴訟參與人，應當為他們翻譯。
在少數民族聚居或者多民族雜居的地區，應當用當地通用的語言進行審訊，用當地通用的文字發布判決書、布告和其他文件。
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Article 7. In trying cases, the people's courts shall apply the system whereby the second instance is final.
| | 第七條 人民法院審判案件，實行兩審終審制。
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Article 8. Cases in the people's courts shall be heard in public, unless otherwise provided by this Law. A defendant shall have the right to defence, and the people's courts shall have the duty to guarantee his defence.
| | 第八條 人民法院審判案件，除本法另有規定的以外，一律公開進行。被告人有權獲得辯護，人民法院有義務保證被告人獲得辯護。
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Article 9. In trying cases, the people's courts shall apply the system of people's assessors taking part in trials in accordance with this Law.
| | 第九條 人民法院審判案件，依照本法實行人民陪審員陪審的制度。
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Article 10. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall safeguard the procedural rights to which participants in proceedings are entitled according to law.
In cases where a minor under the age of 18 commits a crime, the legal representative of the defendant may be notified to be present at the time of interrogation and trial.
Participants in proceedings shall have the right to file charges against judicial, procuratorial and investigator personnel whose acts infringe on their citizens' procedural rights or subject their persons to indignities.
| | 第十條 人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關應當保障訴訟參與人依法享有的訴訟權利。
對于不滿十八歲的未成年人犯罪的案件，在訊問和審判時，可以通知被告人的法定代理人到場。
訴訟參與人對于審判人員、 檢察人員和偵查人員侵犯公民訴訟權利和人身侮辱的行為，有權提出控告。
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Article 11. In any of the following circumstances, no criminal responsibility shall be investigated; if investigation has already been undertaken, the case shall be dismissed, or prosecution shall not be initiated, or innocence shall be declared:
| | 第十一條 有下列情形之一的，不追究刑事責任，已經追究的，應當撤銷案件，或者不起訴，或者宣告無罪：
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(1) If an act is obviously of minor importance, causing no serious harm, and is therefore not deemed a crime;
| | （一）情節顯著輕微、危害不大，不認為是犯罪的；
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(2) If the limitation period for criminal prosecution has expired;
| | （二）犯罪已過追訴時效期限的；
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(3) If an exemption of criminal punishment has been granted in a special amnesty decree;
| | （三）經特赦令免除刑罰的；
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(4) If the crime is to be handled only upon complaint according to the Criminal Law, but there has been no complaint or the complaint has been withdrawn;
| | （四）依照刑法告訴才處理的犯罪，沒有告訴或者撤回告訴的；
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(5) If the defendant is deceased; or
| | （五）被告人死亡的；
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(6) If other laws or decrees provide an exemption from investigation of criminal responsibility.
| | （六）其他法律、法令規定免予追究刑事責任的。
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Article 12. Provisions of this Law shall apply to foreigners who commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated.
If foreigners with diplomatic privileges and immunities commit crimes for which criminal responsibility should be investigated, those cases shall be resolved through diplomatic channels.
| | 第十二條 對于外國人犯罪應當追究刑事責任的，適用本法的規定。
對于享有外交特權和豁免權的外國人犯罪應當追究刑事責任的，通過外交途徑解決。
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CHAPTER II JURISDICTION
| | 第二章 管 轄
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Article 13. Minor criminal cases that are to be handled only upon complaint or do not require an investigation shall be directly accepted and may be mediated by the people's courts.
Cases involving crimes of corruption, violation of the citizens democratic rights and dereliction of duty, as well as other cases which the people's procuratorates consider necessary to handle directly themselves shall be placed on file by the people's procuratorates, which shall conduct investigation and decide whether or not to initiate a public prosecution.
All cases other than those provide in the two preceding paragraphs shall be investigated by the public security organs.
| | 第十三條 告訴才處理和其他不需要進行偵查的輕微的刑事案件， 由人民法院直接受理，並可以進行調解。
貪汙罪、侵犯公民民主權利罪、瀆職罪以及人民檢察院認為需要自己直接受理的其他案件，由人民檢察院立案偵查和決定是否提起公訴。
第一、二款規定以外的其他案件的偵查，都由公安機關進行。
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Article 14. The basic people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over ordinary criminal cases; however, those cases which fall under the jurisdiction of the people's courts at higher levels as stipulated by this Law shall be exceptions.
| | 第十四條 基層人民法院管轄第一審普通刑事案件，但是依照本法由上級人民法院管轄的除外。
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Article 15. The intermediate people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over the following criminal cases:
| | 第十五條 中級人民法院管轄下列第一審刑事案件：
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(1) counterrevolutionary cases;
| | （一）反革命案件；
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(2) ordinary criminal cases punishable by life imprisonment or the death penalty; and
| | （二）判處無期徒刑、死刑的普通刑事案件；
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(3) criminal cases in which the offenders are foreigners or in which Chinese citizens have infringed upon the lawful rights of foreigners.
| | （三）外國人犯罪或者我國公民侵犯外國人合法權利的刑事案件。
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Article 16. The higher people's courts shall have jurisdiction as courts of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to an entire province (or municipality directly under the Central Government, or autonomous region).
| | 第十六條 高級人民法院管轄的第一審刑事案件，是全省（直轄市、自治區）性的重大刑事案件。
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Article 17. The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over major criminal cases that pertain to the whole nation.
| | 第十七條 最高人民法院管轄的第一審刑事案件，是全國性的重大刑事案件。
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Article 18. When necessary, people's courts at higher levels may try criminal cases over which people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance; they may also transfer criminal cases over which they themselves have jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial. If a people's court at a lower level considers the circumstances of a criminal case in the first instance to be major or complex and to necessitate a trial by a people's court at a higher level, it may request that the case be transferred to the people's court at the next higher level for trial.
| | 第十八條 上級人民法院在必要的時候， 可以審判下級人民法院管轄的第一審刑事案件，也可以把自己管轄的第一審刑事案件交由下級人民法院審判；下級人民法院認為案情重大、複雜需要由上級人民法院審判的第一審刑事案件，可以請求移送上一級人民法院審判。
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Article 19. A criminal case shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court in the place where the crime was committed.If it is more appropriate for the case to be tried by the people's court in the place where the defendant resides, then that court may have jurisdiction over the case.
| | 第十九條 刑事案件由犯罪地的人民法院管轄。如果由被告人居住地的人民法院審判更為適宜的，可以由被告人居住地的人民法院管轄。
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Article 20. When two or more people's courts at the same level have jurisdiction over a case, it shall be tried by the people's court that first accepted it. When necessary the case may be transferred for trial to the people's court in the principal place where the crime was committed.
| | 第二十條 幾個同級人民法院都有權管轄的案件，由最初受理的人民法院審判。在必要的時候，可以移送主要犯罪地的人民法院審判。
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Article 21. A people's court at a higher level may instruct a people's court at a lower level to try a case over which jurisdiction is unclear and may also instruct a people's court at a lower level to transfer the case to another people's court for trial.
| | 第二十一條 上級人民法院可以指定下級人民法院審判管轄不明的案件，也可以指定下級人民法院將案件移送其他人民法院審判。
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Article 22. The jurisdiction over cases in special people's courts shall be stipulated separately.
| | 第二十二條 專門人民法院案件的管轄另行規定。
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CHAPTER III WITHDRAWAL
| | 第三章 回 避
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Article 23. In any of the following situations, a member of the judicial, procuratorial or investigator personnel shall voluntarily withdraw, and the parties to the case and their legal representatives shall have the right to demand his withdrawal:
| | 第二十三條 審判人員、檢察人員、偵查人員有下列情形之一的，應當自行回避，當事人及其法定代理人也有權要求他們回避：
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(1) if he is a party or a near relative of a party to the case;
| | （一）是本案的當事人或者是當事人的近親屬的；
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(2) if he or a near relative of his has an interest in the case;
| | （二）本人或者他的近親屬和本案有利害關系的；
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(3) if he has served as a witness, expert witness or defender in the current case or has represented a party in an incidental civil action; or
| | （三）擔任過本案的證人、鑒定人、辯護人或者附帶民事訴訟當事人的代理人的；
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(4) if he has any other relations with a party to the case that could affect the impartial handling of the case.
| | （四）與本案當事人有其他關系，可能影響公正處理案件的。
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Article 24. The withdrawal of judicial, procuratorial and investigator personnel shall be determined respectively by the president of the court, the chief procurator, and the head of a public security organ; the withdrawal of the president of the court shall be determined by the court's judicial committee; and the withdrawal of the chief procurator or the head of a public security organ shall be determined by the procuratorial committee of the people's procuratorate at the corresponding level.
A member of the investigatory personnel may not suspend investigation of a case before a decision is made on his withdrawal.
If a decision has been made to reject and application for withdrawal, a party may apply for one reconsideration.
| | 第二十四條 審判人員、檢察人員、偵查人員的回避，應當分別由院長、檢察長、公安機關負責人決定； 院長的回避，由本院審判委員會決定； 檢察長和公安機關負責人的回避，由同級人民檢察院檢察委員會決定。
對偵查人員的回避作出決定前，偵查人員不能停止對案件的偵查。
對駁回申請回避的決定，當事人可以申請複議一次。
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Article 25. The provisions of Articles 23 and 24 of this Law shall also apply to court clerks, interpreters and expert witnesses.
| | 第二十五條 本法第二十三條、 第二十四條的規定也適用于書記員、 翻譯人員和鑒定人。
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CHAPTER IV DEFENCE
| | 第四章 辯 護
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Article 26. In addition to exercising the right to defend himself, the defendant may entrust the following persons to defend him:
| | 第二十六條 被告人除自己行使辯護權以外，還可以委托下列的人辯護：
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(1) lawyers;
| | （一）律師；
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(2) citizens recommended by a people's organization or the unit to which the defendant belongs, or other citizens permitted by the people's court; and
| | （二）人民團體或者被告人所在單位推薦的，或者經人民法院許可的公民；
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(3) near relatives or guardians of the defendant.
| | （三）被告人的近親屬、監護人。
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Article 27. If a public prosecutor appears in court to conduct a public prosecution and the defendant has not entrusted anyone to be his defender, the people's court may designate a defender for him.
If the defendant is deaf or mute, or he is a minor, and thus has not entrusted anyone to be his defender, the people's court shall designate a defender for him.
| | 第二十七條 公訴人出庭公訴的案件，被告人沒有委托辯護人的，人民法院可以為他指定辯護人。
被告人是聾、啞或者未成年人而沒有委托辯護人的，人民法院應當為他指定辯護人。
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Article 28. The responsibility of a defender shall be to present, according to the facts and the law, materials and opinions proving the innocence of the defendant, the pettiness of his crime and the need for a mitigated punishment or exemption from criminal responsibility, thus safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of the defendant.
| | 第二十八條 辯護人的責任是根據事實和法律，提出證明被告人無罪、罪輕或者減輕、免除其刑事責任的材料和意見，維護被告人的合法權益。
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Article 29. Defence lawyers may consult the file record of the current case, acquaint themselves with the circumstances of the case, and meet and correspond with the defendant in custody. Other defenders, when permitted by the people's court, may also acquaint themselves with the circumstances of the case and meet and correspond with the defendant in custody.
| | 第二十九條 辯護律師可以查閱本案材料， 了解案情， 可以同在押的被告人會見和通信；其他的辯護人經過人民法院許可，也可以了解案情，同在押的被告人會見和通信。
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Article 30. During a trial, the defendant may refuse to have his defender continue to defend him and may entrust his defence to another defender.
| | 第三十條 在審判過程中，被告人可以拒絕辯護人繼續為他辯護，也可以另行委托辯護人辯護。
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CHAPTER V EVIDENCE
| | 第五章 證 據
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Article 31. All facts that prove the true circumstances of a case shall be evidence. There shall be the following six categories of evidence:
| | 第三十一條 證明案件真實情況的一切事實，都是證據。證據有下列六種：
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(1) material evidence and documentary evidence;
| | （一）物證、書證；
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(2) testimony of witnesses;
| | （二）證人證言；
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(3) statements of victims;
| | （三）被害人陳述；
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(4) statements and exculpations of defendants;
| | （四）被告人供述和辯解；
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(5) expert conclusions; and
| | （五）鑒定結論；
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(6) records of inquests and examination.
Any of the above evidence must be verified before it can be used as the basis for deciding cases.
| | （六）勘驗、檢查筆錄。
以上證據必須經過查證屬實，才能作為定案的根據。
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Article 32. Judicial, procuratorial and investigatory personnel must, in accordance with the legally prescribed process, collect various kinds of evidence that can prove the defendant's guilt or innocence and the gravity of his crime. It shall be strictly forbidden to extort confessions by torture and to collect evidence by threat, enticement, deceit or other unlawful means. Conditions must be guaranteed for all citizens who are involved in a case or who have information about the circumstances of a case to objectively and fully furnish evidence and, except in special circumstances, they may be brought in to help the investigation.
| | 第三十二條 審判人員、檢察人員、偵查人員必須依照法定程序，收集能夠證實被告人有罪或者無罪、犯罪情節輕重的各種證據。嚴禁刑訊逼供和以威脅、引誘、欺騙以及其他非法的方法收集證據。必須保證一切與案件有關或者了解案情的公民，有客觀地充分地提供證據的條件，除特殊情況外，並且可以吸收他們協助調查。
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Article 33. The public security organ's requests for approval of arrest, the people's procuratorate's bills of prosecution and the people's court's written judgments must be faithful to the facts.The responsibility of anyone who intentionally conceals the facts shall be investigated.
| | 第三十三條 公安機關提請批准逮捕書、人民檢察院起訴書、人民法院判決書，必須忠實于事實真象。故意隱瞞事實真象的，應當追究責任。
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Article 34. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs shall have the authority to collect or obtain evidence from the relevant state organs, enterprises, institutions, people's communes, people's organizations and citizens.
Evidence involving state secrets shall be kept confidential.
Anyone that falsifies, conceals or destroys evidence, regardless of which side of a case he belongs to, must be investigated under the law.
| | 第三十四條 人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關有權向有關的國家機關、企業、事業單位、人民公社、人民團體和公民收集、調取證據。
對于涉及國家機密的證據，應當保密。
凡是偽造證據、隱匿證據或者毀滅證據的，無論屬于何方，必須受法律追究。
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Article 35. In the decision of all cases, stress shall be laid on evidence, investigation and study; credence shall not be readily given to oral statements. A defendant cannot be found guilty and sentenced to a criminal punishment if there is only his statement but no evidence; the defendant may be found guilty and sentenced to a criminal punishment if evidence is sufficient and reliable, even without his statement.
| | 第三十五條 對一切案件的判處都要重證據，重調查研究，不輕信口供。只有被告人供述，沒有其他證據的，不能認定被告人有罪和處以刑罰；沒有被告人供述，證據充分確實的，可以認定被告人有罪和處以刑罰。
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Article 36. The testimony of a witness may be used as a basis in deciding a case only after the witness has been questioned and cross-examined in the courtroom by both sides, that is, the public prosecutor and victim as well as the defendant and defenders, and after the testimonies of the witnesses on all sides have been heard and verified. If a court discovers through investigation that a witness has intentionally given false testimony or concealed criminal evidence, it shall handle the matter in accordance with the law.
| | 第三十六條 證人證言必須在法庭上經過公訴人、被害人和被告人、辯護人雙方訊問、質證，聽取各方證人的證言並經過查實以後，才能作為定案的根據。法庭查明證人有意作偽證或者隱匿罪證時，應當依法處理。
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Article 37. All those who have information about a case shall have the duty to testify.
Physically or mentally handicapped persons or minors who cannot distinguish right from wrong or cannot properly express themselves shall not be qualified as witnesses.
| | 第三十七條 凡是知道案件情況的人，都有作證的義務。
生理上、精神上有缺陷或者年幼，不能辯別是非、不能正確表達的人，不能作證人。
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CHAPTER VI COMPULSORY MEASURES
| | 第六章 強制措施
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Article 38. The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the public security organs may, according to the circumstances of a case, issue a warrant to compel the appearance of the defendant, order him to obtain a guarantor pending trial or subject him to residential surveillance.
A defendant under residential surveillance may not leave a designated area.Residential surveillance shall be carried out by the local public security station or by the people's commune or defendant's unit entrusted with the task.
If a new development occurs in a case where a defendant has obtained a guarantor pending trial or is placed under residential surveillance, these measures shall be revoked or altered.
| | 第三十八條 人民法院、人民檢察院和公安機關根據案件情況，對被告人可以拘傳、取保候審或者監視居住。
被監視居住的被告人不得離開指定的區域。監視居住由當地公安派出所執行，或者由受委托的人民公社、被告人的所在單位執行。
對被告人采取取保候審、監視居住的，如果情況發生變化，應當撤銷或者變更。
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Article 39. Arrests must be approved by a people's procuratorate or decided by a people's court and must be carried out by a public security organ.
| | 第三十九條 逮捕人犯， 必須經過人民檢察院批准或者人民法院決定， 由公安機關執行。
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Article 40. When the main facts of a crime have been already ascertained and the offender could be sentenced to a punishment of not less than imprisonment, and if such measures as allowing him to obtain a guarantor pending trial or placing him under residential surveillance would be insufficient to prevent the occurrence of danger to society, thus necessitating arrest, the offender shall be immediately arrested according to law.
If an offender who should be arrested is seriously ill or is a pregnant woman or a woman breast-feeding her own baby, the offender may be allowed to obtain a guarantor pending trial or be placed under residential surveillance.
| | 第四十條 對主要犯罪事實已經查清，可能判處徒刑以上刑罰的人犯，采取取保候審、監視居住等方法，尚不足以防止發生社會危險性，而有逮捕必要的，應即依法逮捕。
對應當逮捕的人犯，如果患有嚴重疾病，或者是正在懷孕、哺乳自己嬰兒的婦女，可以采用取保候審或者監視居住的辦法。
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Article 41. Public security organs may initially detain an active criminal deserving arrest or a major suspect under any of the following conditions:
| | 第四十一條 公安機關對于罪該逮捕的現行犯或者重大嫌疑分子，如果有下列情形之一的，可以先行拘留：
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(1) if he is preparing to commit a crime, is in the process of committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime;
| | （一）正在預備犯罪、實行犯罪或者在犯罪後即時被發覺的；
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(2) if he is identified as having committed a crime by a victim or an eyewitness;
| | （二）被害人或者在場親眼看見的人指認他犯罪的；
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(3) if criminal evidence is found on his body or at his residence;
| | （三）在身邊或者住處發現有犯罪證據的；
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(4) if he attempts to commit suicide or escape after committing the crime, or he is a fugitive;
| | （四）犯罪後企圖自殺、逃跑或者在逃的；
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(5) if there is likelihood of his destroying or falsifying evidence or colluding with others to give false statements;
| | （五）有毀滅、偽造證據或者串供可能的；
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(6) if his identity is unknown and he is strongly suspected of committing crimes going from one place to another; and
| | （六）身份不明有流竄作案重大嫌疑的；
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(7) if he is engaged in "beating, smashing and looting"and is seriously undermining work, production and public order.
| | （七）正在進行“打砸搶”和嚴重破壞工作、生產、社會秩序的。
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Article 42. The offenders listed below may be seized outright by any citizen and delivered to a public security organ, a people's procuratorate or a people's court for handling:
| | 第四十二條 對于下列人犯，任何公民都可以立即扭送公安機關、人民檢察院或者人民法院處理：
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(1) any person who is committing a crime or is discovered immediately after committing a crime;
| | （一）正在實行犯罪或者在犯罪後即時被發覺的；
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(2) any person who is wanted for arrest;
| | （二）通緝在案的；
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(3) any person who has escaped from prison; and
| | （三）越獄逃跑的；
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(4) any person who is being pursued for arrest.
| | （四）正在被追捕的。
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Article 43. When detaining a person, a public security organ must produce a detention warrant.
Within 24 hours after a person has been detained, his family or the unit to which he belongs shall be notified of the reasons for detention and the place of custody, except in circumstances where such notification would hinder the investigation or there is no way of notifying them.
| | 第四十三條 公安機關拘留人的時候，必須出示拘留證。
拘留後，除有礙偵查或者無法通知的情形以外，應當把拘留的原因和羈押的處所，在二十四小時以內，通知被拘留人的家屬或者他的所在單位。
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Article 44. A public security organ shall interrogate a detainee within 24 hours after detention. If it is found that the person should not have been detained, he must be immediately released and issued a release certificate. If the public security organ finds it necessary to arrest a detainee when sufficient evidence is still lacking, it may allow the detainee to obtain a guarantor pending trial or place him under residential surveillance.
| | 第四十四條 公安機關對于被拘留的人，應當在拘留後的二十四小時以內進行訊問。在發現不應當拘留的時候，必須立即釋放，發給釋放證明。對需要逮捕而證據還不充足的，可以取保候審或者監視居住。
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Article 45. When a public security organ wishes to arrest an offender, it shall submit a written request for approval of arrest together with the case file and evidence to the people's procuratorate at the same level for examination and approval. When necessary, the people's procuratorate may send its personnel to participate in the public security organ's discussion of a major case.
| | 第四十五條 公安機關要求逮捕人犯的時候， 應當寫出提請批准逮捕書， 連同案卷材料、證據，一並移送同級人民檢察院審查批准。必要時，人民檢察院可以派人參加公安機關對于重大案件的討論。
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Article 46. The chief procurator shall make the decision in a people's procuratorate's examination and approval of a arrest. Major cases shall be submitted to the procuratorial committee for discussion and decision.
| | 第四十六條 人民檢察院審查批准逮捕人犯由檢察長決定。重大案件應當提交檢察委員會討論決定。
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Article 47. After a people's procuratorate has examined a case with respect to which a public security organ has submitted a request for approval of arrest, it shall decide according to the circumstances either to approve the arrest, disapprove the arrest, or request a supplementary investigation.
| | 第四十七條 人民檢察院對于公安機關提請批准逮捕的案件進行審查後，應當根據情況分別作出批准逮捕，不批准逮捕或者補充偵查的決定。
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Article 48. If the public security organ deems it necessary to arrest a detainee, it shall, within three days after the detention, submit a request to the people's procuratorate for examination and approval. Under special circumstances, the time limit for submitting the request may be extended by one to four days. The people's procuratorate shall decide either to approve or disapprove the arrest within three days after receiving the request for approval of arrest from a public security organ. If the people's procuratorate disapproves the arrest, the public security organ shall, upon receiving notification of the decision, immediately release the detainee and issue him a release certificate.
If the public security organ or the people's procuratorate fails to act in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the detainee and his family shall have the right to demand his release, and the public security organ or the people's procuratorate shall immediately release him.
| | 第四十八條 公安機關對被拘留的人，認為需要逮捕的，應當在拘留後的三日以內，提請人民檢察院審查批准。在特殊情況下，提請審查批准的時間可以延長一日至四日。人民檢察院應當在接到公安機關提請批准逮捕書後的三日以內，作出批准逮捕或者不批准逮捕的決定。 人民檢察院不批准逮捕的， 公安機關應當在接到通知後立即釋放，發給釋放證明。
公安機關或者人民檢察院如果沒有按照前款規定辦理，被拘留的人或者他的家屬有權要求釋放，公安機關或者人民檢察院應當立即釋放。
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Article 49. If the public security organ considers the people's procuratorate's decision to disapprove an arrest to be incorrect, it may request a reconsideration but must immediately release the detainee. If the public security organ's opinion is not accepted, it may request a review by the people's procuratorate at the next higher level. The higher people's procuratorate shall immediately review the matter, decide whether or not to make a change and notify the lower people's procuratorate and the public security organ to implement its decision.
| | 第四十九條 公安機關對人民檢察院不批准逮捕的決定，認為有錯誤的時候，可以要求複議，但是必須將被拘留的人立即釋放。如果意見不被接受，可以向上一級人民檢察院提請複核。上級人民檢察院應當立即複核，作出是否變更的決定，通知下級人民檢察院和公安機關執行。
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Article 50. When making an arrest, a public security organ must produce an arrest warrant.
Within 24 hours after an arrest, the family of the arrested person or the unit to which he belongs shall be notified of the reasons for arrest and the place of detention, except in circumstances where such notification would hinder the investigation or there is no way of notifying them.
| | 第五十條 公安機關逮捕人的時候，必須出示逮捕證。
逮捕後，除有礙偵查或者無法通知的情形以外，應當把逮捕的原因和羈押的處所，在二十四小時以內通知被逮捕人的家屬或者他的所在單位。
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Article 51. Interrogation must be conducted within 24 hours after the arrest, by a people's court or people's procuratorate with respect to a person it has decided to arrest, and by a public security organ with respect to a person it has arrested with the approval of the people's procuratorate. If it is found that the person should not have been arrested, he must be immediately released and issued a release certificate.
| | 第五十一條 人民法院、人民檢察院對于各自決定逮捕的人，公安機關對于經人民檢察院批准逮捕的人， 都必須在逮捕後的二十四小時以內進行訊問。 在發現不應當逮捕的時候，必須立即釋放，發給釋放證明。
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Article 52. If in the process of examining and approving arrests, a people's procuratorate discovers illegalities in the investigatory activities of the public security organ, it shall notify the public security organ to make corrections, and the public security organ shall notify the people's procuratorate of what corrections have been made.
| | 第五十二條 人民檢察院在審查批准逮捕工作中，如果發現公安機關的偵查活動有違法情況，應當通知公安機關予以糾正，公安機關應當將糾正情況通知人民檢察院。
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CHAPTER VII INCIDENTAL CIVIL ACTIONS
| | 第七章 附帶民事訴訟
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Article 53. If a victim has suffered material losses as a result of the defendant's criminal act, he shall have the right to file an incidental civil action during the course of the criminal proceeding.
If losses have been caused to state property or collective property, the people's procuratorate may file an incidental civil action while initiating a public prosecution.
When necessary, the people's court may seal up or distrain upon the property of defendant.
| | 第五十三條 被害人由于被告人的犯罪行為而遭受物質損失的，在刑事訴訟過程中，有權提起附帶民事訴訟。
如果是國家財產、集體財產遭受損失的，人民檢察院在提起公訴的時候，可以提起附帶民事訴訟。
人民法院在必要的時候，可以查封或者扣押被告人的財產。
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Article 54. An incidental civil action shall be heard together with the criminal case. Only for the purpose of preventing excessive delay in a trial of the criminal case may the same judicial organization, after completing the trial of the criminal case, continue to hear the incidental civil action.
| | 第五十四條 附帶民事訴訟應當同刑事案件一並審判，只有為了防止刑事案件審判的過分遲延，才可以在刑事案件審判後，由同一審判組織繼續審理附帶民事訴訟。
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CHAPTER VIII TIME PERIODS AND SERVICE
| | 第八章 期間、送達
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Article 55. Time periods shall be calculated by the hour, the day and the month.
The hour and day from which a time period begins shall not be counted as within the time period.
A legally prescribed time period shall not include travelling time. Appeals or other documents that have been mailed before the expiration of the time period shall not be regarded as overdue.
| | 第五十五條 期間以時、日、月計算。
期間開始的時和日不算在期間以內。
法定期間不包括路途上的時間。 上訴狀或者其他文件在期滿前已經交郵的，不算過期。
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Article 56. When a party cannot meet a deadline due to irresistible causes or for other legitimate reasons, he may, within five days after the obstacle is removed, apply to continue the proceedings that should have been completed before the expiration of the time period.
A people's court shall decide whether or not to approve the application described in the preceding paragraph.
| | 第五十六條 當事人由于不能抗拒的原因或者有其他正當理由而耽誤期限的，在障礙消除後五日以內，可以申請繼續進行應當在期滿以前完成的訴訟活動。
前款申請是否准許，由人民法院裁定。
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Article 57. Summons, notices and other court documents shall be delivered to the addressee himself; if the addressee is absent, the documents may be received on his behalf by an adult member of his family or a responsible person of his unit.
If the addressee or a recipient on his behalf refuses to accept the documents or refuses to sign and affix his seal to the receipt, the person serving the documents may ask the addressee's neighbours or other witnesses to the scene, explain the situation to them, leave the documents at the addressee's residence, record on the service certificate the particulars of the refusal and the date of service and sign his name to it; the service shall thus be deemed to have been completed.
| | 第五十七條 送達傳票、通知書和其他訴訟文件應當交給收件人本人；如果本人不在，可以交給他的成年家屬或者所在單位的負責人員代收。
收件人本人或者代收人拒絕接收或者拒絕簽名、蓋章的時候，送達人可以邀請他的鄰居或者其他見證人到場，說明情況，把文件留在他的住處，在送達證上記明拒絕的事由、送達的日期，由送達人簽名，即認為已經送達。
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CHAPTER IX OTHER PROVISIONS
| | 第九章 其他規定
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Article 58. For the purpose of this Law, the definitions of the following terms are:
| | 第五十八條 本法下列用語的含意是：
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(1) "Investigation" means the specialized investigatory work and related compulsory measures carried out according to law by public security organs and people's procuratorates in the process of handling cases.
| | （一）偵查是指公安機關、人民檢察院在辦理案件過程中，依照法律進行的專門調查工作和有關的強制性措施；
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(2) "Parties" means private prosecutors, defendants and the plaintiffs and defendants in incidental civil actions.
| | （二）“當事人”是指自訴人、被告人、附帶民事訴訟的原告人和被告人；
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(3) "Legal representatives" means the parents, foster parents or guardians of a person being represented and representatives of the government organ or people's organization responsible for that person's protection.
| | （三）“法定代理人”是指被代理人的父母、 養父母、 監護人和負有保護責任的機關、團體的代表；
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(4) "Participants in the proceedings"means the parties, victims, legal representatives, defenders, witnesses, expert witnesses and interpreters.
| | （四）“訴訟參與人”是指當事人、被害人、法定代理人、辯護人、證人、鑒定人和翻譯人員；
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(5) "Near relatives"means a person's husband or wife, father, mother, sons, daughters, and brothers and sisters born of the same parents.
| | （五）“近親屬”是指夫、妻、父、母、子、女、同胞兄弟姊妹。
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PART TWO FILING A CASE, INVESTIGATION AND INITIATION OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第二編 立案、偵查和提起公訴
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CHAPTER I FILING A CASE
| | 第一章 立 案
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Article 59. State organs, people's organizations, enterprises, institutions and citizens upon discovering facts of a crime or a criminal suspect shall have the right and duty to bring a complaint or accusation to a public security organ, people's procuratorate or people's court, as proper to the scopes of jurisdiction provided for in Article 13 of this Law.
Public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts shall accept all complaints, accusations and the voluntary surrender of offenders. If a matter does not fall under the receiving organ's jurisdiction, it shall refer the matter to the competent organ and notify the complainant or the accuser. If the matter does not fall under the receiving organ's jurisdiction but calls for emergency measures, it shall take emergency measures first and then refer the matter to the competent organ.
| | 第五十九條 機關、團體、企業、事業單位和公民發現有犯罪事實或者犯罪嫌疑人，有權利也有義務按照本法第十三條規定的管轄範圍，向公安機關、人民檢察院或者人民法院提出控告和檢舉。
公安機關、人民檢察院或者人民法院對于控告、檢舉和犯罪人的自首，都應當接受。對于不屬于自己管轄的，應當移送主管機關處理，並且通知控告人、檢舉人；對于不屬于自己管轄而又必須采取緊急措施的，應當先采取緊急措施，然後移送主管機關。
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Article 60. Complaints and accusations may be filed in writing or orally. The person receiving an oral complaint or accusation shall make a written record of it, which, after being read to the complainant or accuser and found free of error, shall be signed or sealed by the complainant or accuser.
The person receiving a complaint or an accusation shall clearly explain to the complainant or accuser the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for making a false accusation. However, a complaint or accusation that does not accord with the facts, or even a mistaken complaint shall be strictly distinguished from a false accusation, as long as no fabrication of facts or falsification of evidence is involved.
If the complainant or accuser wishes to remain anonymous, his name shall be kept confidential during the period of investigation.
| | 第六十條 控告、檢舉可以用書面或者口頭提出。接受口頭控告、檢舉的工作人員，應當寫成筆錄，經宣讀無誤後，由控告人、檢舉人簽名或者蓋章。
接受控告、 檢舉的工作人員， 應當向控告人、檢舉人說明誣告應負的法律責任。但是，只要不是捏造事實，偽造證據，即使控告、檢舉的事實有出入，甚至是錯告的，也要和誣告嚴格加以區別。
控告人、檢舉人如果不願公開自己的姓名，在偵查期間，應當為他保守秘密。
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Article 61. A people's court, people's procuratorate or public security organ shall, within the scope of its jurisdiction, promptly examine the materials provided by a complainant or accuser and the confession of an offender who has voluntarily surrendered. If it believes that there are facts of a crime and criminal responsibility should be investigated, it shall file a case. If it believes that there are no facts of a crime or that the facts are obviously incidental and do not require investigation of criminal responsibility, it shall not file a case and shall notify the complainant of the reason. If the complainant does not agree with the decision, he may ask for reconsideration.
| | 第六十一條 人民法院、人民檢察院或者公安機關對于控告、檢舉和自首的材料，應當按照管轄範圍，迅速進行審查，認為有犯罪事實需要追究刑事責任的時候，應當立案；認為沒有犯罪事實，或者犯罪事實顯著輕微，不需要追究刑事責任的時候，不予立案，並且將不立案的原因通知控告人。控告人如果不服，可以申請複議。
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CHAPTER II INVESTIGATION
| | 第二章 偵 查
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SECTION 1 INTERROGATION OF THE DEFENDANT
| | 第一節 訊問被告人
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Article 62. Interrogation of a defendant must be conducted by the investigatory personnel of a people's procuratorate or public security organ. During an interrogation, there must be no fewer than members of the investigatory personnel participating.
| | 第六十二條 訊問被告人必須由人民檢察院或者公安機關的偵查人員負責進行。訊問的時候，偵查人員不得少于二人。
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Article 63. A defendant who does not need to be arrested or detained may be summoned to a designated place for interrogation, or he may be interrogated at his residence or his unit, but in all cases the investigatory personnel shall produce a certificate issued by a people's procuratorate or public security organ.
| | 第六十三條 對于不需要逮捕、 拘留的被告人， 可以傳喚到指定的地點或者到他的住處、所在單位進行訊問，但是應當出示人民檢察院或者公安機關的證明文件。
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Article 64. When interrogating a defendant, the investigatory personnel shall first ask the defendant whether or not he has committed any criminal act, and let him state the circumstances of his guilt or explain his innocence; then they may ask him other questions. The defendant shall answer the investigatory personnel's questions truthfully, but he shall have the right to refuse to answer any questions that are irrelevant to the case.
| | 第六十四條 偵查人員在訊問被告人的時候，應當首先訊問被告人是否有犯罪行為，讓他陳述有罪的情節或者無罪的辯解，然後向他提出問題。被告人對偵查人員的提問，應當如實回答。但是對與本案無關的問題，有拒絕回答的權利。
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Article 65. During the interrogation of a defendant who is deaf or must, a person who has a good command of sign language shall participate, and such circumstances shall be noted in the record.
| | 第六十五條 訊問聾、啞的被告人，應當有通曉聾、啞手勢的人參加，並且將這種情況記明筆錄。
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Article 66. The record of an interrogation shall be shown to the defendant for checking; if the defendant cannot read, the record shall be read to him. If there are omissions or errors in the record, the defendant may make additions or corrections. When the defendant acknowledges that the record is free from error, he shall sign or affix his seal to it. The investigatory personnel shall also sign the record. If the defendant requests to write a personal statement, he shall be permitted to do so. When necessary, the investigatory personnel may also ask the defendant to write a personal statement.
| | 第六十六條 訊問筆錄應當交被告人核對，對于沒有閱讀能力的，應當向他宣讀。如果記載有遺漏或者差錯，被告人可以提出補充或者改正。被告人承認筆錄沒有錯誤後，應當簽名或者蓋章。偵查人員也應當在筆錄上簽名。被告人請求自行書寫供述的，應當准許。必要的時候，偵查人員也可以要被告人親筆書寫供詞。
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SECTION 2 QUESTIONING OF THE WITNESSES
| | 第二節 詢問證人
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Article 67. Investigatory personnel may question a witness at his unit or residence, but they must produce a certificate issued by a people's procuratorate or public security organ. When necessary, they may also notify the witness to give testimony at the people's procuratorate or public security organ.
Witnesses shall be questioned individually.
| | 第六十七條 偵查人員詢問證人，可以到證人的所在單位或者住處進行，但是必須出示人民檢察院或者公安機關的證明文件。在必要的時候，也可以通知證人到人民檢察院或者公安機關提供證言。
詢問證人應當個別進行。
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Article 68. When a witness is questioned, he shall be instructed to provide evidence and give testimony truthfully and shall be informed of the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence.
| | 第六十八條 詢問證人，應當告知他應當如實地提供證據、證言和有意作偽證或者隱匿罪證要負的法律責任。
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Article 69. The provisions of Article 66 of this Law shall also apply to the questioning of witnesses.
| | 第六十九條 本法第六十六條的規定，也適用于詢問證人。
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Article 70. The provisions of all articles in this Section shall apply to the questioning of victims.
| | 第七十條 詢問被害人，適用本節各條規定。
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SECTION 3 INQUEST AND EXAMINATION
| | 第三節 勘驗、檢查
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Article 71. Investigatory personnel shall conduct an inquest or examination of the sites, objects, people and corpses relevant to a crime. When necessary, experts may be assigned or invited to conduct an inquest or examination under the direction of the investigatory personnel.
| | 第七十一條 偵查人員對于與犯罪有關的場所、物品、人身、屍體應當進行勘驗或者檢查。在必要的時候，可以指派或者聘請具有專門知識的人，在偵查人員的主持下進行勘驗、檢查。
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Article 72. Each and every unit and individual shall have the duty to preserve the scene of a crime and to immediately notify a public security organ to send personnel to hold an inquest.
| | 第七十二條 任何單位和個人，都有義務保護犯罪現場，並且立即通知公安機關派員勘驗。
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Article 73. Investigatory personnel must carry a certificate issued by a public security organ while conducting an inquest or examination.
| | 第七十三條 偵查人員執行勘驗、檢查，必須持有公安機關的證明文件。
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Article 74. If the cause of a death is unclear, a public security organ shall have the power to order an autopsy and shall notify the family members of the deceased to be present.
| | 第七十四條 對于死因不明的屍體，公安機關有權決定解剖，並通知死者家屬到場。
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Article 75. An examination may be conducted of the person of the victim or defendant in order to ascertain some of his characteristics or physiological condition, or the circumstances of the injury.
If a defendant refuses to be examined, the investigatory personnel, when they deem it necessary, may conduct a compulsory examination.
Examination of the persons of women shall be conducted by female personnel or doctors.
| | 第七十五條 為了確定被害人、被告人的某些特征、傷害情況或者生理狀態，可以對人身進行檢查。
被告人如果拒絕檢查，偵查人員認為必要的時候，可以強制檢查。
檢查婦女的身體，應當由女工作人員或者醫師進行。
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Article 76. A record shall be made of the circumstances of an inquest or examination, and it shall be signed or sealed by the participants in the inquest or examination and the eyewitnesses.
| | 第七十六條 勘驗、檢查和情況應當寫成筆錄，由參加勘驗、檢查的人和見證人簽名或者蓋章。
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Article 77. If, in reviewing a case, a people's procuratorate deems it necessary to repeat an inquest or examination that has been done by a public security organ, it may ask the latter to conduct another inquest or examination and may send procuratorial personnel to participate in it.
| | 第七十七條 人民檢察院審查案件時，對公安機關的勘驗、檢查，認為需要複驗、複查時，可以要求公安機關複驗、複查，並且可以派檢察人員參加。
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Article 78. When necessary and with the approval of the director of a public security bureau, investigative experiments may be conducted in order to clarify the circumstances of a case.
In conducting investigative experiments, it shall be forbidden to take any action which is hazardous, humiliating to anyone, or offensive to public morals.
| | 第七十八條 為了查明案情，在必要的時候，經公安局長批准，可以進行偵查實驗。
偵查實驗，禁止一切足以造成危險、侮辱人格或者有傷風化的行為。
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SECTION 4 SEARCH
| | 第四節 搜 查
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Article 79. In order to collect criminal evidence and track down an offender, investigatory personnel may search the person, belongings and residence of the defendant and anyone who might be hiding a criminal or criminal evidence, as well as other relevant places.
| | 第七十九條 為了收集犯罪證據、查獲犯罪人，偵查人員可以對被告人以及可能隱藏罪犯或者犯罪證據的人的身體、物品、住處和其他有關的地方進行搜查。
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Article 80. Every unit and individual shall have the duty to surrender, at the request of a people's procuratorate or public security organ, any material or documentary evidence that may prove a defendant's guilt or innocence.
| | 第八十條 任何單位和個人，有義務按照人民檢察院和公安機關的要求，交出可以證明被告人有罪或者無罪的物證、書證。
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Article 81. When a search is to be conducted, a search warrant must be shown to the person to be searched.
If an emergency occurs when an arrest or detention is being made, a search may be conducted without a search warrant.
| | 第八十一條 進行搜查，必須向被搜查人出示搜查證。
在執行逮捕、拘留的時候，遇有緊急情況，不另用搜查證也可以進行搜查。
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Article 82. During a search, the person to be searched or his family members, neighbours or other eyewitnesses shall be present at the scene.
Searches of the persons of women shall be conducted by female personnel.
| | 第八十二條 在搜查的時候， 應當有被搜查人或者他的家屬， 鄰居或者其他見證人在場。
搜查婦女的身體，應當由女工作人員進行。
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Article 83. A record shall be made of the circumstances of a search, and it shall be signed or sealed by the investigatory personnel and the person searched or his family members, neighbours or other eyewitnesses. If the person searched or his family members have become fugitives or refuse to sign or affix their seals to the record, this shall be noted in the record.
| | 第八十三條 搜查的情況應當寫成筆錄，由偵查人員和被搜查人或者他的家屬，鄰居或者其他見證人簽名或者蓋章。如果被搜查人或者他的家屬在逃或者拒絕簽名、蓋章，應當在筆錄上注明。
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SECTION 5 SEIZURE OF MATERIAL EVIDENCE AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
| | 第五節 扣押物證、書證
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Article 84. Any articles and documents discovered during an inquest or search that may be used to prove a defendant's guilt or innocence shall be seized. Objects and documents which are irrelevant to the case may not be seized.
Seized articles and documents shall be properly kept or sealed for safekeeping and may not be utilized or damaged.
| | 第八十四條 在勘驗、 搜查中發現的可用以證明被告人有罪或者無罪的各種物品和文件，應當扣押；與案件無關的物品、文件，不得扣押。
對于扣押的物品、文件，要妥善保管或者封存，不得使用或者損毀。
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Article 85. All seized articles and documents shall be carefully checked by the investigatory personnel jointly with the eyewitnesses and the holder of the articles; a detailed list shall be made in duplicate on the spot and shall be signed or sealed by the investigatory personnel, the eyewitnesses and the holder. One copy of the list shall be given to the holder, and the other copy shall be kept on file for reference.
| | 第八十五條 對于扣押的物品和文件，應當會同在場見證人和被扣押物品持有人查點清楚，當場開列清單一式二份，由偵查人員、見證人和持有人簽名或者蓋章，一份交給持有人，另一份附卷備查。
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Article 86. If the investigatory personnel deem it necessary to seize the mail or telegrams of a defendant, they may, upon approval of a public security organ or a people's procuratorate, notify the post and telecommunications offices to hand over the relevant mail and telegrams for seizure.
When it becomes unnecessary to continue a seizure, the post and telecommunications offices shall be immediately notified.
| | 第八十六條 偵查人員認為需要扣押被告人的郵件、電報的時候，經公安機關或者人民檢察院批准，即可通知郵電機關將有關的郵件、電報檢交扣押。
不需要繼續扣押的時候，應即通知郵電機關。
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Article 87. If any seized articles, documents, mail or telegrams are proved through investigation to be irrelevant to a case, they shall be promptly returned to their original owners or the original post and telecommunications offices.
| | 第八十七條 對于扣押的物品、文件、郵件、電報，經查明確實與案件無關的，應當迅速退還原主或者原郵電機關。
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SECTION 6 EXPERT EVALUATION
| | 第六節 鑒 定
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Article 88. When certain special problems relating to a case need to be solved in order to clarify the circumstances of the case, experts shall be assigned or invited to give their evaluations.
| | 第八十八條 為了查明案情，需要解決案件中某些專門性問題的時候，應當指派、聘請有專門知識的人進行鑒定。
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Article 89. After evaluating a matter, the expert shall write a conclusion of expert evaluation and affix his signature to it.
| | 第八十九條 鑒定人進行鑒定後，應當寫出鑒定結論，並簽名。
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Article 90. A defendant shall be notified of any expert conclusion which will be used as evidence in his case. A supplementary expert evaluation or a new expert evaluation may be conducted at the defendant's request.
| | 第九十條 用作證據的鑒定結論應當告知被告人。如果被告人提出申請，可以補充鑒定或者重新鑒定。
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SECTION 7 WANTED ORDERS
| | 第七節 通 緝
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Article 91. If a defendant who should be arrested is a fugitive, a public security organ may issue a wanted order and take effective measures to pursue him for arrest and bring him to justice.
Public security organs at any level may directly issue wanted orders within the areas under their jurisdiction; they shall request a higher-level organ with the proper authority to issue orders for areas beyond their jurisdiction.
| | 第九十一條 應當逮捕的被告人如果在逃，公安機關可以發布通緝令，采取有效措施，追捕歸案。
各級公安機關在自己管轄的地區以內，可以直接發布通緝令；超出自己管轄的地區，應當報請有權決定的上級機關發布。
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SECTION 8 CONCLUSION OF INVESTIGATION
| | 第八節 偵查終結
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Article 92. The time limit for holding a defendant in custody during investigation shall not exceed two months. If the circumstances of a case are complex and the case cannot be concluded within that time limit, an extension of one month may be allowed with the approval of the people's procuratorate at the next higher level.
In the event of a particularly grave and complex case which still cannot be concluded within the extension period as provided in the preceding paragraph, the Supreme People's Procuratorate shall request the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to approve a postponement of the hearing of the case.
| | 第九十二條 對被告人在偵查中的羈押期限不得超過二個月。案情複雜、期限屆滿不能終結的案件，可以經上一級人民檢察院批准延長一個月。
特別重大、複雜的案件，依照前款規定延長後仍不能終結的，由最高人民檢察院報請全國人民代表大會常務委員會批准延期審理。
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Article 93. After a people's procuratorate has concluded its investigation of a case, it shall make a decision whether to initiate a public prosecution, exempt from prosecution or dismiss the case.
After a public security organ has concluded its investigation of a case, it shall make a written recommendation to initiate prosecution or exempt from prosecution, and the written recommendation shall be transferred together with the case file and evidence to the people's procuratorate at the same level for examination and decision.
| | 第九十三條 人民檢察院偵查的案件，偵查終結後，應當作出提起公訴、免予起訴或者撤銷案件的決定。
公安機關偵查的案件，偵查終結後，應當寫出起訴意見書或者免予起訴意見書，連同案卷材料、證據一並移送同級人民檢察院審查決定。
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Article 94. If it is discovered during an investigation that a defendant's criminal responsibility should not have been investigated, the case shall be dismissed; if the defendant is under arrest, he shall be released immediately and issued a release certificate, and the people's procuratorate which originally approved the arrest shall be notified.
| | 第九十四條 在偵查過程中，發現不應對被告人追究刑事責任的，應當撤銷案件；被告人已被逮捕的，應當立即釋放，發給釋放證明，並且通知原批准逮捕的人民檢察院。
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CHAPTER III INITIATION OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第三章 提起公訴
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Article 95. All cases requiring initiation of a public prosecution or exemption from prosecution shall be examined and decided by the people's procuratorates.
| | 第九十五條 凡需要提起公訴或者免予起訴的案件，一律由人民檢察院審查決定。
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Article 96. In examining a case, a people's procuratorate shall ascertain:
| | 第九十六條 人民檢察院審查案件的時候，必須查明：
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(1) whether the facts and circumstances of the crime are clear, whether the evidence is reliable and sufficient and whether the charge and the nature of the crime has been correctly determined;
| | （一）犯罪事實、情節是否清楚，證據是否確實、充分，犯罪性質和罪名的認定是否正確；
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(2) whether there are any crimes that have omitted or other persons whose criminal responsibility should be investigated;
| | （二）有無遺漏罪行和其他應當追究刑事責任的人；
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(3) whether it is a case in which criminal responsibility should not be investigated;
| | （三）是否屬于不應追究刑事責任的；
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(4) whether the case has an incidental action;and
| | （四）有無附帶民事訴訟；
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(5) whether the investigation of the case is being lawfully conducted.
| | （五）偵查活動是否合法。
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Article 97. A people's procuratorate shall make a decision within one month on a case that a public security organ has transferred to it with a recommendation to initiate a public prosecution or exempt from prosecution; an extension of a half month may be allowed for major or complex cases.
| | 第九十七條 人民檢察院對于公安機關移送起訴或者免予起訴的案件，應當在一個月以內作出決定，重大、複雜的案件，可以延長半個月。
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Article 98. When examining a case,a people's procuratorate shall interrogate the defendant.
| | 第九十八條 人民檢察院審查案件，應當訊問被告人。
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Article 99. In examining a case requiring supplementary investigation, a people's procuratorate may conduct the investigation itself or remand the case to a public security organ for supplementary investigation.
In cases where supplementary investigation is to be conducted, it shall be completed within a month.
| | 第九十九條 人民檢察院審查案件，對于需要補充偵查的，可以自行偵查，也可以退回公安機關補充偵查。
對于補充偵查的案件，應當在一個月以內補充偵查完畢。
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Article 100. When a people's procuratorate considers that the facts of a defendant's crime have been ascertained,that the evidence is reliable and sufficient and that criminal responsibility should be investigated according to law. it shall make a decision to initiate prosecution and shall, in accordance with the provisions for trial jurisdiction, initiate a public prosecution in a people's court.
| | 第一百條 人民檢察院認為被告人的犯罪事實已經查清，證據確實、充分，依法應當追究刑事責任的，應當作出起訴決定，按照審判管轄的規定，向人民法院提起公訴。
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Article 101. The people's procuratorate may exempt from prosecution any case that, according to the provisions of the Criminal Law, does not require criminal punishment or for which exemption from criminal punishment may be granted.
| | 第一百零一條 依照刑法規定不需要判處刑罰或者免除刑罰的，人民檢察院可以免予起訴。
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Article 102. A decision to exempt from prosecution shall be announced publicly, and a written decision to exempt from prosecution shall to be delivered to the defendant and to his unit. If the defendant is in custody, he shall be released immediately.
When a people's procuratorate decides to exempt from prosecution a case transferred by a public security organ with a recommendation to initiate a prosecution, it shall deliver a written decision to exempt from prosecution to the public security organ. If the public security organ considers the decision to be mistaken, it may demand reconsideration, and if the demand is rejected, it may request the people's procuratorate at the next higher level to review the case.
If the people's procuratorate decides to exempt from prosecution a case that involves a victim, it shall send a written decision to exempt from prosecution to the victim. If the victim does not accept the decision, he may present a petition to the people's procuratorate within seven days after receiving the written decision. The people's procuratorate shall notify the victim of the result of its re-examination.
| | 第一百零二條 免予起訴的決定，應當公開宣布，並且將免予起訴決定書交給被告人和他的所在單位。如果被告人在押，應當立即釋放。
對于公安機關移送起訴的案件，人民檢察院決定免予起訴的，應當將免予起訴決定書送公安機關。公安機關認為免予起訴的決定有錯誤的時候，可以要求複議，如果意見不被接受，可以向上一級人民檢察院提請複核。
對于有被害人的案件， 決定免予起訴的， 人民檢察院應當將免予起訴決定書送被害人。被害人如果不服，可以在收到後七日內向人民檢察院申訴。人民檢察院應當將複查結果告知被害人。
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Article 103. If a defendant does not accept a decision to exempt from prosecution, he may present a petition to the people's procuratorate within seven days. The people's procuratorate shall make a decision to conduct a re-examination, notify the defendant of the decision and at the same time send a copy of it to the public security organ.
| | 第一百零三條 對于免予起訴的決定，被告人如果不服，可以在七日內向人民檢察院申訴。人民檢察院應當作出複查決定，通知被告人，同時抄送公安機關。
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Article 104. If a defendant is under any one of the circumstances provided in Article 11 of this Law, the people's procuratorate shall make a decision not to prosecute.
The provisions of Article 102 of this Law shall apply to a decision not to prosecute.
| | 第一百零四條 被告人有本法第十一條規定的情形之一的，人民檢察院應當作出不起訴決定。
本法第一百零二條的規定適用于不起訴的決定。
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PART THREE TRIAL
| | 第三編 審 判
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CHAPTER I TRIAL ORGANIZATIONS
| | 第一章 審判組織
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Article 105. Trials of cases of first instance in the basic and intermediate people's, courts shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of one judge and two people's assessors, except for cases of private prosecution and other minor criminal cases which may be tried by a single judge alone.
Trials of cases of first instance in the higher people's courts or the Supreme People's Court shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of one to three judges and two to four people's assessors.
When performing their functions in the people's courts, the people's assessors shall enjoy equal rights with the judges.
Trials of appealed and protested cases in the people's courts shall be conducted by a collegial panel composed of three to five judges.
The president of the people's court or the chief judge of a division shall designate one judge to be the presiding judge of the collegial panel. If the president of the court or the chief judge of a division participates in a trial, he himself shall serve as the presiding judge.
| | 第一百零五條 基層人民法院、中級人民法院審判第一審案件，除自訴案件和其他輕微的刑事案件可以由審判員一人獨任審判以外，應當由審判員一人、人民陪審員二人組成合議庭進行。
高級人民法院、最高人民法院審判第一審案件，應當由審判員一人至三人、人民陪審員二人至四人組成合議庭進行。
人民陪審員在人民法院執行職務，同審判員有同等的權利。
人民法院審判上訴和抗訴案件，由審判員三人至五人組成合議庭進行。
合議庭由院長或者庭長指定審判員一人擔任審判長。院長或者庭長參加審判案件的時候，自己擔任審判長。
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Article 106. If opinions differ when a collegial panel conducts its deliberations, the minority should yield to the majority, but the opinion of the minority shall be entered in the records. The records of the deliberations shall be signed by the members of the collegial panel.
| | 第一百零六條 合議庭進行評議的時候，如果意見分歧，應當少數服從多數，但是少數人的意見應當寫入筆錄。評議筆錄由合議庭的組成人員簽名。
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Article 107. All major or difficult cases that the president of the court believes should be referred to the judicial committee shall be submitted by him to the judicial committee for discussion and decision. The collegial panel shall execute the decisions of the judicial committee.
| | 第一百零七條 凡是重大的或者疑難的案件，院長認為需要提交審判委員會討論的，由院長提交審判委員會討論決定。審判委員會的決定，合議庭應當執行。
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CHAPTER II PROCEDURE OF FIRST INSTANC
| | 第二章 第一審程序
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SECTION 1 CASES OF PUBLIC PROSECUTION
| | 第一節 公訴案件
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Article 108. After a people's court has examined a case in which public prosecution was initiated, it shall decide to open the court session and try the case, if the facts of the crime are clear and the evidence sufficient; it may remand the case to the people's procuratorate for supplementary investigation, if the main facts are not clear and the evidence insufficient; it may ask the people's procuratorate to withdraw its prosecution, if no criminal punishment is necessary.
| | 第一百零八條 人民法院對提起公訴的案件進行審查後，對于犯罪事實清楚、證據充分的， 應當決定開庭審判； 對于主要事實不清、證據不足的，可以退回人民檢察院補充偵查； 對于不需要判刑的，可以要求人民檢察院撤回起訴。
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Article 109. When necessary, a people's court may conduct inquests, examination, searches, seizures and expert evaluations.
| | 第一百零九條 人民法院在必要的時候，可以進行勘驗、檢查、搜查、扣押和鑒定。
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Article 110. After a people's court has decided to open a court session, it shall proceed with the following work:
| | 第一百一十條 人民法院決定開庭審判後，應當進行下列工作：
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(1) to determine the members of the collegial panel;
| | （一）確定合議庭的組成人員；
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(2) to deliver to the defendant a copy of the bill of prosecution of the people's procuratorate no later than seven days before the opening of the court session and inform the defendant that he may appoint a defender or, when necessary, designate a defender for him;
| | （二）將人民檢察院的起訴書副本至遲在開庭七日以前送達被告人，並且告知被告人可以委托辯護人，或者在必要時為被告人指定辯護人；
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(3) to notify the people's procuratorate of the time and place of the court session three days before the opening of the session;
| | （三）將開庭的時間、地點在開庭三日以前通知人民檢察院；
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(4) to summon the parties and notify the defenders, witnesses, expert witnesses and interpreters, and deliver the summons and notices no later than three days before the opening of the court session; and
| | （四）傳喚當事人，通知辯護人、證人、鑒定人和翻譯人員，傳票和通知書至遲在開庭三日以前送達；
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(5) to announce in advance the subject matter of any case to be heard in public, the name of the defendant and the time and place of the court session.
The circumstances of the above mentioned proceedings shall be entered in the written record, which shall be signed by the judicial personnel and the court clerk.
| | （五）公開審判的案件，先期公布案由、被告人姓名、開庭時間和地點。
上述活動情形應當寫入筆錄，由審判人員和書記員簽名。
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Article 111. Cases of first instance in a people's court shall be heard in public. However, cases involving state secrets or the private affairs of individuals shall not be heard in public.
No cases involving crimes committed by minors who have reached the age of 14 but not the age of 16 shall be heard in public.Generally, cases involving crimes committed by minors who have reached the age of 16 but not the age of 18 shall also not be heard in public.
The reason for not hearing a case in public shall be announced in court.
| | 第一百一十一條 人民法院審判第一審案件應當公開進行。但是有關國家機密或者個人隱私的案件，不公開審理。
十四歲以上不滿十六歲未成年人犯罪的案件，一律不公開審理。十六歲以上不滿十八歲未成年人犯罪的案件，一般也不公開審理。
對于不公開審理的案件，應當當庭宣布不公開審理的理由。
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Article 112. When a case of public prosecution is being tried in a people's court, the people's procuratorate shall send its personnel to the court to support the public prosecution, unless the criminal act is relatively minor and the people's court has agreed to forgo such personnel.
If a member of the procuratorial personnel attending a court session discovers any illegalities during the proceedings, he shall have the right to suggest corrections to the court.
| | 第一百一十二條 人民法院審判公訴案件，除罪行較輕經人民法院同意的以外，人民檢察院應當派員出席法庭支持公訴。
出庭的檢察人員發現審判活動有違法情況，有權向法庭提出糾正意見。
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Article 113. When a court session opens, the presiding judge shall ascertain if all the parties have appeared in court and announce the subject matter of the case. He shall announce the roll, naming the members of the collegial panel, the court clerk, the public prosecutor, the defender, the expert witnesses and the interpreter; he shall inform the parties of their right to ask any member of the collegial panel, the court clerk, the public prosecutor, any expert witnesses or the interpreter to withdraw; and he shall inform the defendant of his right to defence.
| | 第一百一十三條 開庭時，審判長查明當事人是否到庭，宣布案由；宣布合議庭的組成人員、書記員、公訴人、辯護人、鑒定人和翻譯人員的名單；告知當事人有權對合議庭組成人員、書記員、公訴人、鑒定人和翻譯人員申請回避；告知被告人享有辯護權利。
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Article 114. After the public prosecutor has read out the bill of prosecution in court, the judicial personnel shall begin to question the defendant.
With the permission of the presiding judge, the public prosecutor may interrogate the defendant.
After the judicial personnel have questioned the defendant and with the permission of the presiding judge, the victim as well as the plaintiff and defender in an incidental civil action may put questions to the defendant.
| | 第一百一十四條 公訴人在審判庭上宣讀起訴書後，審判人員開始審問被告人。
公訴人經審判長許可，可以訊問被告人。
被害人、附帶民事訴訟的原告人和辯護人， 在審判人員審問被告人後， 經審判長許可，可以向被告人發問。
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Article 115. When questioning a witness, the judicial personnel and the public prosecutor shall instruct the witness to give testimony truthfully and explain to him the legal responsibility that shall be incurred for intentionally giving false testimony or concealing criminal evidence. The parties and the defenders may request the presiding judge to question the witnesses or expert witnesses, or ask the presiding judge's permission to put their own questions directly. If the presiding judge considers any questioning irrelevant to the case, he shall put a stop to it.
| | 第一百一十五條 審判人員、公訴人詢問證人，應當告知他要如實地提供證言和有意作偽證或者隱匿罪證要負的法律責任。 當事人和辯護人可以申請審判長對證人、 鑒定人發問，或者請求審判長許可直接發問。 審判長認為發問的內容與案件無關的時候， 應當制止。
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Article 116. The judicial personnel shall show the material evidence to the defendant for him to identify. The records of testimony of witnesses who are not present in court,the conclusions of the expert witnesses, the records of inquests and other documents serving as evidence shall be read out in court,and the opinions of the parties and the defenders shall be heard.
| | 第一百一十六條 審判人員應當向被告人出示物證，讓他辨認；對未到庭的證人的證言筆錄、鑒定人的鑒定結論、勘驗筆錄和其他作為證據的文書，應當當庭宣讀，並且聽取當事人和辯護人的意見。
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Article 117. During a court hearing, the parties and the defenders shall have the right to request new witnesses to be summoned, new material evidence to be collected, a new expert evaluation to be made, and another inquest to be held.
The court shall make a decision whether to grant the above mentioned requests.
| | 第一百一十七條 法庭審理過程中，當事人和辯護人有權申請通知新的證人到庭，調取新的物證，申請重新鑒定或者勘驗。
法庭對于上述申請，應當作出是否同意的決定。
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Article 118. After an inquiry has been held in the courtroom, the public prosecutor and the victim shall speak; then the defendant shall make a statement and defend himself, and the defender shall conduct the defence; in addition, the participants may debate with each other. After the presiding judge has declared the conclusion of the debate, the defendant shall have the right to present a final statement.
| | 第一百一十八條 法庭調查後，應當由公訴人發言，被害人發言，然後由被告人陳述和辯護，辯護人進行辯護，並且可以互相辯論。審判長在宣布辯論終結後，被告人有最後陳述的權利。
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Article 119. If any participant in the proceedings of a trial violates the order of the courtroom, the presiding judge shall warn him to desist; if the circumstances are serious, the presiding judge may order him to leave the courtroom or investigate their criminal responsibility according to law.
| | 第一百一十九條 在法庭審判過程中，如果訴訟參與人違反法庭秩序，審判長應當警告制止；情節嚴重的，可以責令退出法庭或者依法追究刑事責任。
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Article 120. After a defendant makes his final statement, the presiding judge shall announce an adjournment; the collegial panel shall conduct its deliberations and, on the basis of the established facts and evidence and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the law, render a judgment on the defendant's guilt or innocence, specifying the crime committed and the criminal punishment to be applied or exemption from criminal punishment as appropriate.
| | 第一百二十條 在被告人最後陳述後，審判長宣布休庭，合議庭進行評議，根據已經查明的事實、證據和有關的法律規定，作出被告人有罪或者無罪、犯的什麼罪、適用什麼刑罰或者免除刑罰的判決。
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Article 121. In all cases, judgments shall be pronounced publicly.
If the judgment on a case is pronounced in court, a written judgment shall be delivered within five days to the parties and the people's procuratorate that initiated the public prosecution. In cases where the judgment is pronounced later on a fixed date, the written judgment shall be delivered immediately after the pronouncement to the parties and the people's procuratorate that initiated the public prosecution.
| | 第一百二十一條 宣告判決，一律公開進行。
當庭宣告判決的，應當在五日以內將判決書送達當事人和提起公訴的人民檢察院；定期宣告判決的，應當在宣告後立即將判決書送達當事人和提起公訴的人民檢察院。
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Article 122. The written judgment shall be signed by the members of the collegial panel and by the court clerk, and the time limit for appeal and the name of the appellate court shall be clearly indicated therein.
| | 第一百二十二條 判決書應當由合議庭的組成人員和書記員署名，並且寫明上訴的期限和上訴的法院。
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Article 123. A hearing may be postponed if during a trial one of the following circumstances affecting the conduct of a trial occurs:
| | 第一百二十三條 在法庭審判過程中，遇有下列情形之一影響審判進行的，可以延期審理：
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(1) if it is necessary to summon new witnesses,collect new material evidence, make a new expert evaluation or hold another inquest;
| | （一）需要通知新的證人到庭，調取新的物證，重新鑒定或者勘驗的；
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(2) if members of the procuratorial personnel find that a case for which public prosecution has been initiated requires supplementary investigation, and they make a proposal to that effect;
| | （二）檢察人員發現提起公訴的案件需要補充偵查，提出建議的；
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(3) if the collegial panel considers the evidence of a case insufficient or discovers new facts, requiring it to either remand the case to the people's procuratorate for supplementary investigation or conduct its own inquiry; or
| | （三）合議庭認為案件證據不充分，或者發現新的事實，需要退回人民檢察院補充偵查或者自行調查的；
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(4) if the trial cannot proceed because a party applies for the withdrawal of a judicial functionary.
| | （四）由于當事人申請回避而不能進行審判的。
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Article 124. The court clerk shall make a written record of the entire court proceedings, which shall be examined by the presiding judge and then signed by him and the court clerk.
That portion of the courtroom record comprising the testimony of witnesses shall be read out in court or given to the witnesses to read. After the witnesses acknowledge that the record is free of error, they shall sign or affix their seals to it.
The courtroom record shall be given to the parties to read or shall be read out to them. If a party considers that there are omissions or errors in the record, he may request additions or corrections to be made. After the parties acknowledge that the record is free of error, they shall sign or affix their seals to it.
| | 第一百二十四條 法庭審判的全部活動，應當由書記員寫成筆錄，經審判長審閱後，由審判長和書記員簽名。
法庭筆錄中的證人證言部分，應當當庭宣讀或者交給證人閱讀。證人在承認沒有錯誤後，應當簽名或者蓋章。
法庭筆錄應當交給當事人閱讀或者向他宣讀。當事人認為記載有遺漏或者差錯的，可以請求補充或者改正。當事人承認沒有錯誤後，應當簽名或者蓋章。
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Article 125. A people's court shall pronounce judgment on a case of public prosecution within one mother or, one and a half months at the latest, after accepting it for trial.
| | 第一百二十五條 人民法院審理公訴案件，應當在受理後一個月內宣判，至遲不得超過一個半月。
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SECTION 2 CASES OF PRIVATE PROSECUTION
| | 第二節 自訴案件
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Article 126. After examining a case of private prosecution, the people's court may handle it according to the conditions set forth below.
| | 第一百二十六條 人民法院對于自訴案件進行審查後，可以按照下列情形分別處理：
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(1) If the facts of the crime are clear and the evidence sufficient, the case shall be tried at a court session.
| | （一）犯罪事實清楚，有足夠證據的案件，應當開庭審判；
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(2) If the case requires public prosecution by a people's procuratorate, it shall be transferred to a people's procuratorate.
| | （二）必須由人民檢察院提起公訴的案件，應當移送人民檢察院；
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(3) In a case of private prosecution where criminal evidence is lacking, if the private prosecutor fails to present supplementary evidence and the people's court is unable to obtain the necessary evidence through investigation, the court shall persuade the private prosecutor to withdraw his prosecution or order its rejection.
| | （三）缺乏罪證的自訴案件，如果自訴人提不出補充證據，經人民法院調查又未能收集到必要的證據，應當說服自訴人撤回自訴，或者裁定駁回；
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(4) If the defendant's act does not constitute a crime,the people's court shall persuade the private prosecutor to withdraw his prosecution or order its rejection.
| | （四）被告人的行為不構成犯罪的案件，應當說服自訴人撤回自訴，或者裁定駁回。
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Article 127. A people's court may conduct mediation in a case of private prosecution; the private prosecutor may arrange a settlement with the defendant or withdraw his prosecution before a judgment is pronounced.
| | 第一百二十七條 人民法院對自訴案件，可以進行調解；自訴人在宣告判決前，可以同被告人自行和解或者撤回自訴。
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Article 128. In the process of the proceedings, the defendant in a case of private prosecution may raise a counterclaim against the private prosecutor. The provisions governing private prosecutions shall apply to counterclaims.
| | 第一百二十八條 自訴案件的被告人在訴訟過程中，可以對自訴人提起反訴。反訴適用自訴的規定。
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CHAPTER III PROCEDURE OF SECOND INSTANCE
| | 第三章 第二審程序
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Article 129. If a party or his legal representative refuses to accept a judgment or order of first instance of a local people's court at any level, he shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the people's court at the next higher level. Defenders or a defendant's near relatives may file appeals with the consent of the defendant.
A party to an incidental civil action or his legal representative may file an appeal against the portion of a judgment or order of first instance of the local people's courts that deals with the incidents civil action.
A defendant shall not be deprived on any pretext of his right to appeal.
| | 第一百二十九條 當事人或者他們的法定代理人， 不服地方各級人民法院第一審的判決、裁定，有權用書狀或者口頭向上一級人民法院上訴。被告人的辯護人和近親屬，經被告人同意，可以提出上訴。
附帶民事訴訟的當事人和他們的法定代理人 ， 可以對地方各級人民法院第一審的判決、裁定中的附帶民事訴訟部分，提出上訴。
對被告人的上訴權，不得以任何借口加以剝奪。
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Article 130. If a local people's procuratorate considers that there is some definite error in a judgment or order of first instance of a people's court at the same level, it shall present a protest to the people's court at the next higher level.
| | 第一百三十條 地方各級人民檢察院認為本級人民法院第一審的判決、裁定確有錯誤的時候，應當向上一級人民法院提出抗訴。
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Article 131. The time limit for an appeal or a protest against a judgment shall be ten days and the time limit for an appeal or a protest against an order shall be five days; the time limit shall be counted from the day after the written judgment or order is received.
| | 第一百三十一條 不服判決的上訴和抗訴的期限為十日，不服裁定的上訴和抗訴的期限為五日，從接到判決書、裁定書的第二日起算。
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Article 132. If a party files an appeal through the people's court which originally tried a case, the people's court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal together with the case file and the evidence to the people's court at the next higher level; at the same time it shall deliver duplicates of the petition of appeal to the people's procuratorate at the same level and to the other parties.
If a party files an appeal directly to the people's court of second instance, that people's court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal to the people's court which originally tried the case, for delivery to the people's procuratorate at the same level and to the other parties.
| | 第一百三十二條 當事人通過原審人民法院提出上訴的，原審人民法院應當在三日以內將上訴狀連同案卷、證據移送上一級人民法院，同時將上訴狀副本送交同級人民檢察院和對方當事人。
當事人直接向第二審人民法院提出上訴的，第二審人民法院應當在三日以內將上訴狀交原審人民法院送交同級人民檢察院和對方當事人。
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Article 133. If a local people's procuratorate protests against a judgment or order of first instance of the people's court at the same level, it shall present a written protest through the people's court which originally tried the case and send a copy of the written protest to the people's procuratorate at the next higher level. The people's court which originally tried the case shall transfer the written protest together with the case file and evidence to the people's court at the next higher level and shall deliver duplicates of the written protest to the parties.
If the people's procuratorate at the next higher level considers the protest inappropriate, it may withdraw the protest from the people's court at the same level and notify the people's procuratorate at the next lower level.
| | 第一百三十三條 地方各級人民檢察院對同級人民法院第一審判決、裁定的抗訴，應當通過原審人民法院提出抗訴書，並且將抗訴書抄送上一級人民檢察院。原審人民法院應當將抗訴書連同案卷、證據移送上一級人民法院，並且將抗訴書副本送交當事人。
上級人民檢察院如果認為抗訴不當，可以向同級人民法院撤回抗訴，並且通知下級人民檢察院。
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Article 134. A people's court of second instance shall conduct a complete review of the facts determined and the application of law in the judgment of first instance and shall not be limited by the scope of appeal or protest.
If an appeal is filed by only some of the defendants in a case of joint crime, the case shall still be reviewed and handled as a whole.
| | 第一百三十四條 第二審人民法院應當就第一審判決認定的事實和適用法律進行全面審查，不受上訴或者抗訴範圍的限制。
共同犯罪的案件只有部分被告人上訴的，應當對全案進行審查，一並處理。
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Article 135. In cases where a people's procuratorate files a protest or a people's court of second instance requests personnel from a people's procuratorate to be in court, the people's procuratorate at the same level shall send personnel to the court. The people's court of second instance must notify the people's procuratorate ten days before the opening of a court session to examine the case files.
| | 第一百三十五條 人民檢察院提出抗訴的案件或者第二審人民法院要求人民檢察院派員出庭的案件，同級人民檢察院都應當派員出庭。第二審人民法院必須在開庭十日以前通知人民檢察院查閱案卷。
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Article 136. After hearing a case of appeal or protest against a judgment of first instance, the people's court of second instance shall handle it according to the conditions set forth below.
| | 第一百三十六條 第二審人民法院對不服第一審判決的上訴、抗訴案件，經過審理後，應當按照下列情形分別處理：
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(1) If the original judgment was correct in the determination of facts and the application of law and appropriate in the meting out of punishment, the people's court shall order rejection of the appeal or protest and affirm the original judgment.
| | （一）原判決認定事實和適用法律正確、量刑適當的，應當裁定駁回上訴或者抗訴，維持原判；
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(2) If the original judgment contained no error in the determination of facts but the application of law was incorrect or the punishment was inappropriately decided, the people's court shall revise the judgment.
| | （二）原判決認定事實沒有錯誤，但適用法律有錯誤，或者量刑不當的，應當改判；
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(3) If the facts in the original judgment are unclear or the evidence insufficient, the people's court may revise the judgment after ascertaining the facts, or it may rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the people's court which originally tried the case for retrial.
| | （三）原判決事實不清楚或者證據不足的，可以在查清事實後改判；也可以裁定撤銷原判，發回原審人民法院重新審判。
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Article 137. In the trial of a case appealed by a defendant, or his legal representative, defender or near relative, the people's court of second instance may not increase the criminal punishment on the defendant.
The restriction laid down in the preceding paragraph shall not apply to cases protested by a people's procuratorate or cases appealed by private prosecutors.
| | 第一百三十七條 第二審人民法院審判被告人或者他的法定代理人、辯護人、近親屬上訴的案件，不得加重被告人的刑罰。
人民檢察院提出抗訴或者自訴人提出上訴的，不受前款規定的限制。
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Article 138. If a people's court of second instance discovers that a people's court of first instance has violated the litigation procedures stipulated by law, and the correct rendering of judgment may have thus been affected, it shall rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the people's court which originally tried the case for retrial.
| | 第一百三十八條 第二審人民法院發現第一審人民法院違反法律規定的訴訟程序，可能影響正確判決的時候，應當撤銷原判，發回原審人民法院重新審判。
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Article 139. The people's court which originally tried a case shall conduct a retrial of the case remanded to it in accordance with the procedure of first instance. The parties may appeal and the people's procuratorate at the same level may protest against the judgment rendered after the retrial.
| | 第一百三十九條 原審人民法院對于發回重新審判的案件，應當依照第一審程序進行審判。對于重新審判後的判決，當事人可以上訴，同級人民檢察院可以抗訴。
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Article 140. After a people's court of second instance has reviewed an appeal or protest against an order of first instance, it shall order rejection of the appeal or protest or quash or revise the original order respectively with reference to the provisions of Articles 136, 138 and 139 of this Law.
| | 第一百四十條 第二審人民法院對不服第一審裁定的上訴或者抗訴，經過審查後，應當參照本法第一百三十六條、第一百三十八條和第一百三十九條的規定，分別情形用裁定駁回上訴、抗訴，或者撤銷、變更原裁定。
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Article 141. A people's court of second instance shall try cases of appeal or protest with reference to the procedure of first instance unless otherwise stipulated in this Chapter.
| | 第一百四十一條 第二審人民法院審判上訴或者抗訴案件的程序，除本章已有規定的以外，參照第一審程序的規定進行。
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Article 142. A people's court of second instance shall conclude the trial of a case of appeal or protest within one month or , one and a half months at the latest, after accepting it for trial.
| | 第一百四十二條 第二審人民法院受理上訴、抗訴案件後，應當在一個月以內審結，至遲不得超過一個半月。
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Article 143. All judgments and orders of second instance and all judgments and orders of the Supreme People's Court shall be final.
| | 第一百四十三條 第二審的判決、裁定和最高人民法院 的判決、裁定，都是終審的判決、裁定。
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CHAPTER IV PROCEDURE FOR REVIEW OF DEATH SENTENCES
| | 第四章 死刑複核程序
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Article 144. Death sentences shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.
| | 第一百四十四條 死刑由最高人民法院核准。
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Article 145. A case of first instance where an intermediate people's court has imposed a death sentence and the defendant does not appeal shall be reviewed by a higher people's court and reported to the Supreme People's Court for approval. If the higher people's court does not agree with the death sentence, it may bring the case up for trial or remand the case for retrial.
Cases of first instance where a higher people's court has imposed a death sentence and the defendant does not appeal, and cases of second instance where a death sentence has been imposed shall all be submitted to the Supreme People's Court for approval.
| | 第一百四十五條 中級人民法院判處死刑的第一審案件，被告人不上訴的，應由高級人民法院複核後，報請最高人民法院核准。高級人民法院不同意判處死刑的，可以提審或者發回重新審判。
高級人民法院判處死刑的第一審案件被告人不上訴的，和判處死刑的第二審案件，都應當報請最高人民法院核准。
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Article 146. A case where an intermediate people's court has imposed a death sentence with a two-year suspension of execution, shall be approved by a higher people's court.
| | 第一百四十六條 中級人民法院判處死刑緩期二年執行的案件，由高級人民法院核准。
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Article 147. Reviews by the Supreme People's Court of cases involving death sentences and reviews by a higher people's court of cases involving death sentences with a suspension of execution shall be conducted by collegial panels composed of three judges.
| | 第一百四十七條 最高人民法院複核死刑案件， 高級人民法院複核死刑緩期執行的案件，應當由審判員三人組成合議庭進行。
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CHAPTER V PROCEDURE FOR TRIAL SUPERVISION
| | 第五章 審判監督程序
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Article 148. A party or a victim and his family or other citizens may present a petition to a people's court or people's procuratorate regarding a legally effective judgment or order, but the execution of the judgment or order cannot be suspended.
| | 第一百四十八條 當事人、 被害人及其家屬或者其他公民， 對已經發生法律效力的判決、裁定，可以向人民法院或者人民檢察院提出申訴，但不能停止判決、裁定的執行。
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Article 149. If the president of a people's court at any level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of his court as to the determination of facts or application of law, he shall refer the matter to the judicial committee for handling.
If the Supreme People's Court finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at any lower level, or if a people's court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case up for trial itself or may direct a people's court at a lower level to conduct a retrial.
If the Supreme People's Procuratorate finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at any level, or if a people's procuratorate at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to protest against the judgment or order in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision.
| | 第一百四十九條 各級人民法院院長對本院已經發生法津效力的判決和裁定，如果發現在認定事實上或者在適用法律上確有錯誤，必須提交審判委員會處理。
最高人民法院對各級人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，上級人民法院對下級人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，如果發現確有錯誤，有權提審或者指令下級人民法院再審。
最高人民檢察院對各級人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，上級人民檢察院對下級人民法院已經發生法律效力的判決和裁定，如果發現確有錯誤，有權按照審判監督程序提出抗訴。
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Article 150. A new collegial panel shall be formed for the retrial of a case by a people's court in accordance with the procedure for trial supervision. If the case was originally one of first instance, it shall be tried in accordance with the procedure of first instance and the new judgment or order may be appealed or protested. If the case was originally one of second instance or was brought up for trial by a people's court at a higher level, it shall be tried in accordance with the procedure of second instance and the judgment or order rendered shall be final.
| | 第一百五十條 人民法院按照審判監督程序重新審判的案件， 應當另行組成合議庭進行。如果原來是第一審案件，應當依照第一審程序進行審判，所作的判決、裁定，可以上訴、抗訴；如果原來是第二審案件，或者是上級人民法院提審的案件，應當依照第二審程序進行審判，所作的判決、裁定，是終審的判決、裁定。
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PART FOUR EXECUTION
| | 第四編 執 行
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Article 151. Judgments and orders shall be executed after they become legally effective.
The following judgments and orders are legally effective:
| | 第一百五十一條 判決和裁定在發生法律效力後執行。
下列判決和裁定是發生法律效力的判決和裁定：
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(1) judgments and orders against which no appeal or protest has been filed within the legally prescribed time limit;
| | （一）已過法定期限沒有上訴、抗訴的判決和裁定；
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(2) judgments and orders of final instance; and
| | （二）終審的判決和裁定；
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(3) judgments of the death penalty approved by the Supreme People's Court and judgments of the death penalty with a two-year suspension of execution approved by a higher people's court.
| | （三）最高人民法院核准的死刑的判決和高級人民法院核准的死刑緩期二年執行的判決。
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Article 152. If a defendant in custody is given the verdict of not guilty or exempted from criminal punishment by a people's court of first instance, he shall be released immediately after the judgment is pronounced.
| | 第一百五十二條 第一審人民法院判決被告人無罪、 免除刑事處罰的， 如果被告人在押，在宣判後應當立即釋放。
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Article 153. When a judgment of the death penalty with immediate execution is pronounced or approved by the Supreme People's Court, the President of the Supreme People's Court shall sign and issue an order to execute the death sentence.
If a criminal sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution shows true repentance or renders meritorious service during the period of suspension of the sentence, and his punishment should therefore be commuted according to law, the executing organ shall submit a written recommendation to the higher people's court in the locality for an order; if there is verified evidence that a criminal has resisted reform in a flagrant way and his death sentence should therefore be executed, the higher people's court must submit the matter to the Supreme People's Court for approval.
| | 第一百五十三條 最高人民法院判處和核准的死刑立即執行的判決，應當由最高人民法院院長簽發執行死刑的命令。
被判處死刑緩期二年執行的罪犯，在死刑緩期執行期間，如果確有悔改或者有立功表現應當依法予以減刑的，由執行機關提出書面意見，報請當地高級人民法院裁定；如果抗拒改造情節惡劣、查證屬實， 應當執行死刑的， 高級人民法院必須報請最高人民法院核准。
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Article 154. After receiving an order from the Supreme People's Court to execute a death sentence, the people's court at a lower level shall cause the sentence to be executed within seven days. However, under either of the following conditions the people's court at a lower level shall suspend execution and immediately submit a report to the Supreme People's Court for an order:
| | 第一百五十四條 下級人民法院接到最高人民法院執行死刑的命令後，應當在七日以內交付執行。但是發現有下列情形之一的，應當停止執行，並且立即報告最高人民法院，由最高人民法院作出裁定：
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(1) if it is discovered before the execution of the sentence that the judgment may contain an error; or
| | （一）在執行前發現判決可能有錯誤的；
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(2) if the criminal is pregnant.
If the first reason in the preceding paragraph which caused the suspension of a sentence, has disappeared, the sentence may be executed only after a report is submitted to the President of the Supreme People's Court for him to sign and issue another order to execute the death sentence. If execution is suspended for the second reason in the preceding paragraph, the matter shall be reported to the Supreme People's Court, requesting it to revise the sentence according to law.
| | （二）罪犯正在懷孕。
前款第一項停止執行的原因消失後，必須報請最高人民法院院長再簽發執行死刑的命令才能執行；由于前款第二項原因停止執行的，應當報請最高人民法院依法改判。
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Article 155. Before a people's court causes a death sentence to be executed, it shall notify the people's procuratorate at the same level to send an official to supervise the execution.
The judicial personnel directing the execution shall verify the identity of the criminal, ask him if he has any last words or letters and then deliver him to the executioner for execution of the death sentence. If it is discovered before the execution that there may be an error, the execution shall be suspended and a report submitted to the Supreme People's Court for an order.
Executions of death sentences shall be announced but shall not be held in public.
After a death sentence is executed, the attending court clerk shall prepare a written record of it. The people's court that caused the death sentence to be executed shall submit a report on the execution to the Supreme People's Court.
After a death sentence is executed, the people's court that caused the sentence to be executed shall notify the family of the criminal.
| | 第一百五十五條 人民法院在交付執行死刑前， 應當通知同級人民檢察院派員臨場監督。
指揮執行的審判人員，對罪犯應當驗明正身，訊問有無遺言、信劄，然後交付執行人員執行死刑。在執行前，如果發現可能有錯誤，應當暫停執行，報請最高人民法院裁定。
執行死刑應當公布，不應示眾。
執行死刑後，在場書記員應當寫成筆錄。交付執行的人民法院應當將執行死刑情況報告最高人民法院。
執行死刑後，交付執行的人民法院應當通知罪犯家屬。
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Article 156. If cases of criminals who are sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution, or to life imprisonment, fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, the people's court that caused the sentence to be executed shall deliver the notice of execution of the sentence and the written judgment to the prison or other place of reform through labour for the sentence to be executed; the executing organ shall notify the family of the criminal.
A criminal sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention, upon completion of the execution of his sentence, shall be issued a certificate of completion of sentence and release by the executing organ.
| | 第一百五十六條 對于被判處死刑緩期二年執行、 無期徒刑、 有期徒刑或者拘役的罪犯，應當由交付執行的人民法院將執行通知書、判決書送達監獄或者其他勞動改造場所執行，並且由執行機關通知罪犯家屬。
判處有期徒刑、拘役的罪犯，執行期滿，應當由執行機關發給刑滿釋放證。
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Article 157. A criminal sentenced to life imprisonment, fixed-term imprisonment or criminal detention may be permitted to temporarily serve his term outside prison under either of the following conditions:
| | 第一百五十七條 對于被判處無期徒刑、 有期徒刑或者拘役的罪犯， 有下列情形之一的，可以暫予監外執行：
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(1) if the criminal is seriously ill and needs to be released on parole for medical treatment; or
| | （一）有嚴重疾病需要保外就醫的；
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(2) if the criminal is a pregnant woman or a woman breast-feeding her own baby.
In cases where a criminal serves his sentence outside prison, the public security organ may entrust the execution of his sentence to the public security station at the criminal's original place of residence, and the local grass-roots organization or the criminal's original unit shall assist in the supervision.
| | （二）懷孕或者正在哺乳自己嬰兒的婦女。
對于監外執行的罪犯，可以由公安機關委托罪犯原居住地的公安派出所執行，基層組織或者原所在單位協助進行監督。
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Article 158. A criminal who has been sentenced to imprisonment with a suspension of execution shall be delivered by the public security organ to his unit or a grass-roots organization for observation.
A criminal released on parole shall be supervised by a public security organ during the probation period for parole.
| | 第一百五十八條 對于被判處徒刑緩刑的罪犯，由公安機關交所在單位或者基層組織予以考察。
對于被假釋的罪犯，在假釋考驗期限內，由公安機關予以監督。
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Article 159. Sentences of public surveillance or deprivation or political rights that have been imposed on criminals shall be executed by the public security organs.
When such a sentence has been completed, the executing organ shall notify the criminal himself and publicly announce to the masses concerned the ending of public surveillance or the restoration of political rights.
| | 第一百五十九條 對于被判處管制、剝奪政治權利的罪犯， 由公安機關執行。
執行期滿，應當由執行機關通知本人，交向有關群眾公開宣布解除管制或者恢複政治權利。
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Article 160. If a criminal sentenced to a fine fails to pay the fine within the time limit, the people's court shall compel him to pay. If he has true difficulties in paying because he has suffered an unavoidable disaster, an order may be made to reduce the fine or exempt him from payment.
| | 第一百六十條 被判處罰金的罪犯，期滿不繳納的，人民法院應當強制繳納；如果由于遭遇不能抗拒的災禍繳納確實有困難的，可以裁定減少或者免除。
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Article 161. All sentences of confiscation of property, whether imposed as a supplementary punishment or independently, shall be executed by the people's courts; when necessary, the people's courts may execute such judgments jointly with the public security organs.
| | 第一百六十一條 沒收財產的判決，無論附加適用或者獨立適用，都由人民法院執行；在必要的時候，可以會同公安機關執行。
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Article 162. If a criminal commits a new crime while serving his sentence, or if a criminal act is discovered that was not known at the time of judgment, the prison or the organ in charge of reform through labour shall transfer his case to the people's procuratorate for handling.
If a criminal sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment shows true repentance or renders meritorious service while serving his sentence and should be granted a commutation of sentence or be released on parole according to law, the executing organ shall submit a written recommendation to the people's court for examination and an order.
| | 第一百六十二條 罪犯在服刑期間又犯罪的，或者發現了判決時所沒有發現的罪行，監獄和勞動改造機關應當移送人民檢察院處理。
被判處管制、拘役、有期徒刑或者無期徒刑的罪犯，在執行期間確有悔改或者立功表現， 應當依法予以減刑、假釋的時候， 由執行機關提出書面意見，報請人民法院審核裁定。
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Article 163. If during the execution of a punishment, if the prison or the organ in charge of reform through labour believes that there is an error in the judgment, or the criminal makes a petition, it shall refer the matter to the people's procuratorate or people's court that pronounced the original judgment.
| | 第一百六十三條 監獄和勞動改造機關在刑罰執行中，如果認為判決有錯誤或者罪犯提出申訴，應當轉請人民檢察院或者原判人民法院處理。
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| Article 164. The people's procuratorates shall supervise the execution of judgments and orders in criminal cases and the activities of prisons, detention houses and organs in charge of reform through labour to see that such executions and activities conform to the law. If they discover any illegalities, they shall notify the executing organs to correct them. | | 第一百六十四條 人民檢察院對刑事案件的判決、裁定的執行和監獄、看守所、勞動改造機關的活動是否合法，實行監督。如果發現有違法的情況，應當通知執行機關糾正。
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