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Notice of the Supreme People's Court on Issuing the Several Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Further Displaying the
Positive Roles of Litigation Mediation in the Building of a Socialist
Harmonious Society
(No. 9 [2007] of the Supreme People's Court)
The higher people's procuratorates and military procuratorates of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the military procuratorates; and the People's Procuratorate of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:
The Several Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Further Displaying the
Positive Roles of Litigation Mediation in the Building of a Socialist
Harmonious Society is hereby issued to you for your implementation.
March 6th, 2007
Several Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Further Displaying the
Positive Roles of Litigation Mediation in the Building of a Socialist
Harmonious Society
The 6th Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee has made the significant strategic decision of building a socialist harmonious society so as to build a well-off society and accelerate the promotion of the socialist modernization cause. The people's courts are not only a building force of the harmonious society but also a protection force of the harmonious society, and shoulder significant historical missions during the course of building a socialist harmonious society. For the purpose of better meeting the requirements of the new situations and new missions and bringing such functions of the people's courts as softening contradictions, solving disputes, guaranteeing economic development and promoting social harmony, we hereby put forward the following opinions on further strengthening the litigation mediation work of the people's courts:
| | 最高人民法院印發《最高人民法院關于進一步發揮訴訟調解在構建社會主義和諧社會中積極作用的若幹意見》的通知
（法發[2007]9號）
各省、自治區、直轄市高級人民法院，解放軍軍事法院，新疆維吾爾自治區高級人民法院生產建設兵團分院：
現將《最高人民法院關于進一步發揮訴訟調解在構建社會主義和諧社會中積極作用的若幹意見》印發給你們，請各地法院結合工作實際，遵照執行。
二○○七年三月一日
最高人民法院關于進一步發揮訴訟調解在構建社會主義和諧社會中積極作用的若幹意見
黨的十六屆六中全會從全面建設小康社會、加快推進社會主義現代化事業全局出發，作出了構建社會主義和諧社會的重大戰略決策。人民法院既是和諧社會的建設力量，更是和諧社會的保障力量，在構建和諧社會進程中肩負著重大的曆史責任。為更好地適應新形勢和新任務的要求，充分發揮人民法院化解矛盾、定紛止爭，保障經濟發展，促進社會和諧的職能作用，現就進一步加強人民法院訴訟調解工作，提出如下意見。
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1. Unifying thoughts, strengthening the awareness of and having an in-depth understanding of the great significance of litigation mediation in building a harmonious society
| | 一、統一思想，增強意識，深刻認識訴訟調解在構建和諧社會中的重大意義
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(1) At present, China is in an important period of strategic opportunities and a golden period of development, it is facing with not only unprecedented opportunities but also unprecedented challenges. Although China's economy is developing in a stable and fast way, people's livelihood has been improved to a large extent and the society is harmonious and stable as a whole, there is still a great quantity of elements affecting social harmony and stability. Both the Party and the state shall focus their attention on correctly handling the various kinds of social contradictions and disputes, properly balancing the interests among all the parties concerned, effectively solving contradictions and disputes and making great efforts in maintaining social harmony and stability. As trial organs of the state, the people's courts shall keep unswervingly to this focus and central task, attach great importance to it, increase harmonious elements and decrease disharmonious elements to the hilt by giving full play to litigation mediation, which is an important way to correctly handle social contradictions and an effective means to build a socialist harmonious society, and undertake the important historic mission and political responsibility of promoting and developing a harmonious society.
| | 1.當前，我國正處于重要戰略機遇期和“黃金發展期”，面臨著前所未有的機遇，也面臨前所未有的挑戰。盡管我國經濟發展平穩快速，人民生活水平顯著改善，社會總體上和諧穩定，但影響和諧穩定的因素仍然大量存在。正確應對各種社會矛盾和糾紛，妥善協調各方利益關系，有效平息矛盾紛爭，大力促進社會和諧穩定，是黨和國家工作的大局。人民法院作為國家審判機關，必須堅定不移地服從和服務于這一國家大局和中心任務，高度重視、充分運用訴訟調解這一正確處理社會矛盾的重要方法與構建和諧社會的有效手段，最大限度地增加和諧因素，最大限度地減少不和諧因素，承擔起促進和發展和諧社會的重大曆史使命和政治責任。
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(2) Litigation mediation is an important part of China's litigation system, an important way for the people's courts to exercise their trial power and an importance composition of harmonious jurisdiction. It is a way for settling disputes, which is rooted in China's historic and cultural tradition and has been proved as effective over a long period of judicial practice. It not only conforms to the current value and litigation awareness of the general public, but also embodies the Chinese nation's longing for harmonious natural order and social order. In recent years, the people's courts have improved their trial work to a large extent, accumulated precious experiences during the process, and established the principle of “conciliating when possible, judging when necessary, combining conciliation with judgment and solving the dispute once the case is concluded” as the guideline for civil trial work. The people's courts at various levels shall take “solving the dispute once the case is concluded” as the goal of trial work, correctly understand the status and roles of litigation mediation in their trial work and make great efforts to put litigation mediation work forward.
| | 2.訴訟調解是我國訴訟制度的重要組成部分，是人民法院行使審判權的重要方式，是和諧司法的重要內容。它是根植于我國曆史文化傳統並經過長期司法實踐證明有效的糾紛解決方式，不僅符合當前社會大眾的價值觀念和訴訟意識，也體現了中華民族追求自然秩序、社會秩序和諧的理想。近年來，人民法院的審判工作取得了重大發展，積累了寶貴經驗，確立了“能調則調，當判則判，調判結合，案結事了”的民事審判工作指導方針。各級人民法院要以“案結事了”作為審判工作追求的目標，正確認識訴訟調解在人民法院審判工作中的地位和作用，大力推進訴訟調解工作。
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(3) Giving full play to the people's courts' initiative and enthusiasm in conducting the work of litigation mediation, giving full play to the ability and wisdom of the judges and conducting the work of litigation mediation in a creative way. The people's courts at various levels shall, pursuant to the relevant laws and judicial interpretations, in accordance with the requirement of “fair jurisdiction and serving the people heart and soul” and on the basis of the actual local situation, actively explore the innovation of the litigation mediation system, perfect the system, create new methods of mediation, improve mediation skills and comprehensively promote the development of the work of litigation mediation.
| | 3.充分發揮各級人民法院訴訟調解工作的主動性和積極性，充分發揮廣大法官的聰明才智，創造性地開展訴訟調解工作。各級人民法院應當根據法律以及司法解釋的規定，按照“公正司法，一心為民”的要求，密切結合本地實際情況，積極探索訴訟調解機制創新，完善訴訟調解制度，創新調解方法，提高調解藝術，全面推動訴訟調解工作發展。
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2. Strengthening mediation, respecting rules and making great efforts to realize the goal of “solving the dispute once the case is concluded”
| | 二、強化調解，尊重規律，努力實現“案結事了”的目標
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(4) In conducting civil trial work, the courts shall take “settling contradictions and disputes, clarifying the right and wrong and solving the dispute once the case is concluded” as the goal and ensure the organic unification of legal effects and social effects. The people's courts at various levels shall correctly handle the relationship between mediation and judgment, further strengthen the effectiveness of the work of litigation mediation, increase the quantity of the cases settled by means of mediation, do their best to improve the proportion of such cases, and avoid the tendency of merely seeking mediation ratio. Where a case is not suitable to be mediated or it is impossible to reach a mediation agreement on a case after making great efforts, the people's court shall make a ruling thereon in a timely manner.
| | 4.民事審判工作應當以“定紛止爭、勝敗皆明、案結事了”為目標，確保實現法律效果和社會效果的有機統一。各級人民法院要正確處理調解和裁判的關系，既要進一步加強訴訟調解工作力度，增加調解結案的數量，盡力提高調解結案的比例，也要避免片面追求調解率的傾向。對有調解可能的案件，應當盡量創造條件進行調解。對不適宜進行調解、通過努力不可能達成調解協議的案件，應當及時作出裁判。
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(5) The people's courts shall mediate the civil cases suitable to be solved by means of mediation and focus on doing the mediation work of the following cases well: cases involving mass interests and requiring the cooperation of the government and the relevant departments; cases of joint action or group action which involves a large number of people; cases in which the circumstance is complex, the opponent sentiment between the parties concerned is serious and neither party has preponderance of evidence; cases with certain difficulty in the application of law as the provisions governing it are not stipulated or clearly stipulated in the relevant laws and regulations; cases which are very sensitive and attracts much attention from the society; cases of appeal or review; and cases of retrial.
| | 5.人民法院對適合調解結案的民事案件，應當調解，並重點做好以下案件的調解工作：涉及群體利益，需要政府和相關部門配合的案件；人數眾多的共同訴訟、集團訴訟案件；案情複雜，當事人之間情緒嚴重對立，且雙方都難以形成證據優勢的案件；相關法律法規沒有規定或者規定不明確，在適用法律方面有一定困難的案件；敏感性強、社會關注程度大的案件；申訴複查案件和再審案件。
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(6) As for the cases of civil suit collateral to criminal proceedings, the people's courts shall make more efforts in the mediation work in accordance with the relevant provisions on civil mediation. As for the cases of administrative action, private prosecutions and other minor criminal cases, the people's courts may try to persuade the parties concerned to solve them by means of conciliation in light of the actual situation of each case and by referring to the principles and procedures for civil mediation. The people's courts shall, through the conciliation practices of the cases of administrative action, private prosecutions and other minor criminal cases, constantly explore various methods for settling cases that are beneficial for the building of a harmonious society, constantly find new methods of mediation, summarize experiences in a timely manner and constantly perfect the working mechanism for the conciliation of the cases of administrative action, private prosecutions and other minor criminal cases.
．．．．．． | | 6.對刑事附帶民事訴訟案件，人民法院應當按照民事調解的有關規定加大調解力度。對行政訴訟案件、刑事自訴案件及其他輕微刑事案件，人民法院可以根據案件實際情況，參照民事調解的原則和程序，嘗試推動當事人和解。人民法院要通過行政訴訟案件、刑事自訴案件及其他輕微刑事案件的和解實踐，不斷探索有助于和諧社會建設的多種結案方式，不斷創新訴訟和解的方法，及時總結經驗，不斷完善行政訴訟案件和刑事自訴案件及其他輕微刑事案件和解工作機制。
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