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Notice of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security on Legally Punishing Criminal Activities Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens
[Effective]
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最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部关于依法惩处侵害公民个人信息犯罪活动的通知
[现行有效]
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【法宝引证码】
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| Notice of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security on Legally Punishing Criminal Activities Infringing upon the Personal Information of Citizens | | 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部关于依法惩处侵害公民个人信息犯罪活动的通知 |
| (No. 12 [2013] of the Ministry of Public Security) | | （公通字〔2013〕12号） |
| The higher people's courts, people's procuratorates, and departments or bureaus of public security of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government; the Production and Construction Corps Branch of the Higher People's Court of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; and the People's Procuratorate and the Public Security Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: | | 各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，人民检察院，公安厅、局，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院，新疆生产建设兵团人民检察院、公安局： |
| In recent years, with China's rapid economic development and wide spread of information networks, the illegal and criminal activities infringing upon the personal information of citizens have become increasingly prominent, illegal trades in the personal information of citizens via the Internet spread unchecked, and the resulting telecommunication frauds, internet frauds, extortion, kidnapping, illegal debt collection and other crimes occurred again and again although being cracked down on repeatedly, which caused serious harm to society and arouse strong complaints from the people. To effectively curb and punish the crimes against the personal information of citizens, effectively protect the safety of personal information and lawful rights and interests of the masses, promote the harmonious social development, and maintain social stability, the relevant issues are hereby announced as follows: | | 近年来，随着我国经济快速发展和信息网络的广泛普及，侵害公民个人信息的违法犯罪日益突出，互联网上非法买卖公民个人信息泛滥，由此滋生的电信诈骗、网络诈骗、敲诈勒索、绑架和非法讨债等犯罪屡打不绝，社会危害严重，群众反响强烈。为有效遏制、惩治侵害公民个人信息犯罪，切实保障广大人民群众的个人信息安全和合法权益，促进社会协调发展，维护社会稳定，现就有关事项通知如下： |
| I. Effectively raising awareness, and resolutely combating against criminal activities infringing upon the personal information of citizens. Currently, some criminals make use of the Internet to wantonly resell the personal information of citizens in order to seek illicit profits, which has gradually formed a huge “underground industry” and a chain of black interests. The traded personal information of citizens include the information on household registration, and the information on bank or telecommunication account opening, which involves all aspects of life of individual citizens. Some employees of some state authorities, and of enterprises and public institutions in finance, telecommunications, transport, education, health care, property management, real estate agency, insurance, and express delivery, among others, sell or illegally provide the personal information of citizens they obtain during the course of performing their duties or providing services. The brokers obtaining the said information establish data platforms on the Internet to wantonly sell such information for extravagant profits. The companies engaged in illegal investigation use such information to engage in illegal debt collection, frauds, extortion and other illegal activities. Such crimes not only harm the information security of citizens, but can easily trigger a variety of crimes, and become the root of telecommunication frauds, internet frauds, nuisance-type “soft violence” and other information-related crimes, and even be combined with kidnapping, extortion, debt collection by violence and other criminal activities, which affect the people's sense of security and threaten social harmony and stability. The public security authorities, people's procuratorates and people's courts at various levels must have a clear understanding of the serious harm of such kind of crimes, adhere to the tenet of being highly responsible for the Party and the people, unify thinking, enhance awareness, make careful organization and well-planned deployments, and legally punish the criminal activities infringing upon the personal information of citizens. | | 一、切实提高认识，坚决打击侵害公民个人信息犯罪活动。当前，一些犯罪分子为追求不法利益，利用互联网大肆倒卖公民个人信息，已逐渐形成庞大“地下产业”和黑色利益链。买卖的公民个人信息包括户籍、银行、电信开户资料等，涉及公民个人生活的方方面面。部分国家机关和金融、电信、交通、教育、医疗以及物业公司、房产中介、保险、快递等企事业单位的一些工作人员，将在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获取的公民个人信息出售、非法提供给他人。获取信息的中间商在互联网上建立数据平台，大肆出售信息谋取暴利。非法调查公司根据这些信息从事非法讨债、诈骗和敲诈勒索等违法犯罪活动。此类犯罪不仅危害公民的信息安全，而且极易引发多种犯罪，成为电信诈骗、网络诈骗以及滋扰型“软暴力”等信息犯罪的根源，甚至与绑架、敲诈勒索、暴力追债等犯罪活动相结合，影响人们群众的安全感，威胁社会和谐稳定。各级公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院务必清醒认识此类犯罪的严重危害，以对党和人民高度负责的精神，统一思想，提高认识，精心组织，周密部署，依法惩处侵害公民个人信息犯罪活动。 |
| II. Correctly applying the law to achieve organic unity between legal and social effects. The crime against the personal information of citizens is a new type of crime. The public security authorities, people's procuratorates and people's courts at all levels shall, from the perspective of effectively protecting the safety of personal information of citizens and maintaining social harmony and stability, learn from the past successful legal precedents, take into overall consideration the frequency, quantity, and means in respect of selling, illegally providing or illegally obtaining personal information, the amount of profits, the damages caused and other factors, and intensify the efforts in combating against such crimes according to law to ensure favorable legal and social effects. The subjects of the crime of selling or illegally providing personal information of citizens include, in addition to the staff members of state authorities, or entities of finance, telecommunications, transport and health care, the employees of other enterprises and public institutions in the service industry such as commercial or real estate industry who obtain the personal information of citizens during the course of performing their duties or providing services. The personal information of citizens include the name, age, valid certificate number, marital status, employer, education background, resume, family address, phone number and other information or data that can identify the identities of citizens or involve the personal privacy of citizens. For those who sell or illegally provide the personal information of citizens obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services to others, if the information is used by others to commit crimes which cause personal injury or death of the victims, or cause significant economic losses or bad social impacts, or the quantity of personal information of citizens sold or illegally provided is large, or the amount of illegal proceeds is large, they shall be subject to criminal liabilities for the crime of illegally selling or illegally providing the personal information of citizens. For those who illegally obtain the personal information of citizens by stealing, purchase or any other means, if the quantity of information is large, or the amount of illegal proceeds is large or other serious consequences are caused, they shall be subject to criminal liabilities for the crime of illegally obtaining the personal information of citizens. For those who use the illegally obtained personal information to commit other criminal acts, if multiple crimes are constituted, they shall be subject to the joinder of penalties for all the crimes they commit. If an entity commits the crime against the personal information of citizens, the directly liable person in charge and other directly liable persons shall be subject to criminal liabilities. We shall reinforce the application of property-related penalties according to law to deprive the criminals of their illegal proceeds and capital for re-offending. | | 二、正确适用法律，实现法律效果与社会效果的有机统一。侵害公民个人信息犯罪是新型犯罪，各级公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院要从切实保护公民个人信息安全和维护社会和谐稳定的高度，借鉴以往的成功判例，综合考虑出售、非法提供或非法获取个人信息的次数、数量、手段和牟利数额、造成的损害后果等因素，依法加大打击力度，确保取得良好的法律效果和社会效果。出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪的犯罪主体，除国家机关或金融、电信、交通、医疗单位的工作人员之外，还包括在履行职责或者提供服务过程中获得公民个人信息的商业、房地产业等服务业中其他企事业单位的工作人员。公民个人信息包括公民的姓名、年龄、有效证件号码、婚姻状况、工作单位、学历、履历、家庭住址、电话号码等能够识别公民个人身份或者涉及公民个人隐私的信息、数据资料。对于在履行职责或者提供服务过程中，将获得的公民个人信息出售或者非法提供给他人，被他人用以实施犯罪，造成受害人人身伤害或者死亡，或者造成重大经济损失、恶劣社会影响的，或者出售、非法提供公民个人信息数量较大，或者违法所得数额较大的，均应当依法以非法出售、非法提供公民个人信息罪追究刑事责任。对于窃取或者以购买等方法非法获取公民个人信息数量较大，或者违法所得数额较大，或者造成其他严重后果的，应当依法以非法获取公民个人信息罪追究刑事责任。对使用非法获取的个人信息，实施其他犯罪行为，构成数罪的，应当依法予以并罚。单位实施侵害公民个人信息罪的，应当追究直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员的刑事责任。要依法加大对财产刑的适用力度，剥夺犯罪分子非法获利和再次犯罪的资本。 |
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