Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Implementing the Universal Two-Child Policy and Reforming and Improving the Management of Family Planning Services

Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Implementing the Universal Two-Child Policy and Reforming and Improving the Management of Family Planning Services [Effective]

中共中央、国务院关于实施全面两孩政策改革完善计划生育服务管理的决定 [现行有效]

【法宝引证码】

Issuing authority： State Council
Date issued： 12-31-2015
Effective date: 12-31-2015
Area of Law:Population and Family Planning


Decision of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on Implementing the Universal Two-Child Policy and Reforming and Improving the Management of Family Planning Services		中共中央、国务院关于实施全面两孩政策　改革完善计划生育服务管理的决定
(December 31, 2015)		（2015年12月31日）
Practicing family planning, as the basic national policy, concerns the happy, safe, and healthy life of hundreds of millions of families, the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society, and the realization of the “two centenary” goals. For purposes of implementing the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, adapting to the new situation of population and economic and social development, and promoting the long-term balanced development of population, the following decisions are hereby made for comprehensively implementing the policy that a couple may bear two children (hereinafter referred to as the “universal two-child policy”) and further reforming and improving the management of family planning services.		实行计划生育是我国的一项基本国策，事关亿万家庭的幸福安康，事关全面建成小康社会和“两个一百年”奋斗目标的实现。为贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，适应人口和经济社会发展新形势，促进人口长期均衡发展，现就全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策（以下简称全面两孩政策），进一步改革完善计划生育服务管理，作出如下决定。
I. Fully understanding the significance of implementing the universal two-child policy and reforming and improving the management of family planning services		一、充分认识实施全面两孩政策、改革完善计划生育服务管理的重大意义
1. Remarkable achievements have been made in the family planning work. In the 1950's and 1960's, thanks to economic recovery, social stability, improvement in people's living standard, and enhancement of the medical and health safeguard level, China's total population soared from 540 million at the preliminary stage of New China to 830 million in 1970, which brought about enormous pressure to the economic and social development. To control the excessive growth of population, the state started to carry out family planning in urban and rural areas from the 1970's. In 1980, the CPC Central Committee issued the Open Letter to All Party Members and League Members on Controlling Population Growth in China, advocating that a couple may only bear one child. In 1982, family planning was determined as the basic national policy. Over the 40 odd years, China has implemented comprehensive decision-making for population and development, continuously improved the family planning policy, and formed a path of making overall planning for the solution of population problems with Chinese characteristics. Excessive growth of population has been effectively controlled, the pressure on the resources and the environment has been effectively alleviated, the status of development of women and children has been greatly improved, and the quality of population has been significantly improved, which has promoted high-speed economic development and social progress, vigorously supported the reform and opening up and the course of socialist modernization, and laid a solid foundation for the comprehensive building of a moderately prosperous society. In practicing family planning, China has also made significant contribution to the population development and poverty reduction in the world, and established a sound image of a responsible great power. During the process, hundreds of millions of people actively responded to the call of the Party and state, consciously practiced family planning, and had made great contributions; and the numerous population and family planning workers have made painstaking efforts. Practice has proved that practicing family planning which conforms to China's national conditions is right, has obtained people's understanding and support, and is a great cause of making the country powerful, making people well-off, and bringing peace to the whole country.		（一）计划生育工作取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。20世纪五六十年代，随着经济恢复、社会安定、人民生活改善和医疗卫生保障水平的提高，我国总人口从新中国成立初期的5.4亿人迅速增加到1970年的8.3亿人，给经济社会发展带来了巨大压力。为控制人口过快增长，国家从七十年代开始在城乡推行计划生育。1980年，党中央发表《关于控制我国人口增长问题致全体共产党员、共青团员的公开信》，提倡一对夫妇生育一个孩子。1982年，计划生育被确定为基本国策。40多年来，我国实施人口与发展综合决策，不断完善计划生育政策，走出了一条中国特色统筹解决人口问题的道路。人口过快增长的势头得到有效控制，资源、环境压力有效缓解，妇女儿童发展状况极大改善，人口素质明显提高，促进了经济快速发展和社会进步，有力支撑了改革开放和社会主义现代化事业，为全面建成小康社会奠定了坚实基础。我国实行计划生育也为世界人口发展和减贫作出了重大贡献，树立了负责任大国的良好形象。在此过程中，亿万人民群众积极响应党和国家号召，自觉实行计划生育，作出了巨大贡献；广大人口和计划生育工作者付出了心血和汗水。实践证明，实行计划生育符合我国国情，是正确的，得到了广大人民群众的理解和支持，是强国富民安天下的伟大事业。
2. Significant transitional changes have occurred to China's population development. The population problem has always been a fundamental, overall and strategic problem facing the human society. The tendency change in population will result in comprehensive, profound and far-reaching impact on the economic and social development. Since the beginning of the 21st century, especially the “twelfth five-year” period, the internal impetus and the external conditions of China's population development has witnessed significant changes. The growth momentum of total population significantly weakened, working-age population and women of childbearing age began to decline, and the degree of aging constantly deepened; people's concept of childbearing had significantly changed, and fewer and healthier birth had become the main concept of childbearing in the society; family size was becoming smaller, and the function of provision for children and parents weakened; and demographic dividend reduced, and the advantage of international competition with human capital as the core needed to be further strengthened. These changes have brought about new challenges to the population security and the economic and social development. We shall also clearly see that by the middle of this century, China's total population will remain above 1.3 billion, China's basic national condition of large population will not be fundamentally changed, the pressure of population on the economic and social development will not be fundamentally changed, the scarcity of resources and environment will not be fundamentally changed due to the large population. At present, China is in a critical period of transition from a population power to a power of human capital. We shall start from the overall situation and the strategic perspective, fully understand the importance and long-term nature of adhering to the basic national policy of family planning, base upon the national conditions, follow the discipline, correctly handle the relationship between current and long-term situation, gross population and population structure, population and resources and environment, gradually adjust and improve the childbearing policy, promote the long-term balanced development of population, maximize the dynamic role of population in the economic and social development, and firmly grasp the strategic initiative.		（二）我国人口发展呈现出重大转折性变化。人口问题始终是人类社会共同面对的基础性、全局性和战略性问题。人口的趋势性变化，将对经济社会发展产生全面、深刻、长远的影响。进入21世纪特别是“十二五”时期以来，我国人口发展的内在动力和外部条件发生了显著变化。人口总量增长势头明显减弱，劳动年龄人口和育龄妇女开始减少，老龄化程度不断加深；群众生育观念发生重大转变，少生优生已成为社会生育观念的主流；家庭规模趋向小型化，养老抚幼功能弱化；人口红利减弱，以人力资本为核心的国际竞争优势有待进一步加强。这些变化对人口安全和经济社会发展带来新的挑战。同时还应清醒地看到，到本世纪中叶，我国人口总量仍将保持在13亿以上，人口众多的基本国情不会根本改变，人口对经济社会发展的压力不会根本改变，人口与资源环境的紧张关系不会根本改变。当前，我国正处于人口大国向人力资本强国转变的关键时期。必须从全局和战略高度出发，充分认识坚持计划生育基本国策的重要性和长期性，立足国情，遵循规律，正确处理当前与长远、总量与结构、人口与资源环境的关系，逐步调整完善生育政策，促进人口长期均衡发展，最大限度发挥人口对经济社会发展的能动作用，牢牢把握战略主动权。
3. Implementing the universal two-child policy and reforming and improving the management of family planning services is a major strategic deployment for adhering to the basic national policy of family planning under the new situation. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the major decision of adhering to the basic national policy of family planning and implementing the two-child policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family was made. Through reliable, solid, and orderly implementation of the two-child policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family, experience has been accumulated for further adjusting and improving the childbearing policy. Therefore, the conditions for implementing the universal two-child policy are currently satisfied and the time is right now. Implementing the universal two-child policy and reforming and improving the management of family planning services is an important measure for promoting the long-term balanced development of population, and helps to optimize the population structure, increase labor supply, and ease pressure from the aging population; helps promote the sustainable and sound development of the economy and society, and realize the goal of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society; and helps better implement the basic national policy of family planning, and promote family happiness and social harmony. The Party committees and governments at all levels shall fully understand the significance of implementing the universal two-child policy and reforming and improving the management of family planning services, enhance the sense of responsibility and mission, and constantly explore the systems and mechanisms, and the ways and methods for the implementation of the basic national policy of family planning under the new situation by using the thinking of the rule of law, the spirit of innovation, and the pragmatic style, to make family planning a sweet career benefiting millions of families.		（三）实施全面两孩政策、改革完善计划生育服务管理是新形势下坚持计划生育基本国策的重大战略部署。党的十八届三中全会作出了坚持计划生育基本国策、启动实施单独两孩政策的重大决策。单独两孩政策稳妥扎实有序实施，为进一步调整完善生育政策积累了经验，当前启动实施全面两孩政策条件具备、时机成熟。实施全面两孩政策、改革完善计划生育服务管理，是促进人口长期均衡发展的重大举措，有利于优化人口结构，增加劳动力供给，减缓人口老龄化压力；有利于促进经济社会持续健康发展，实现全面建成小康社会的奋斗目标；有利于更好地落实计划生育基本国策，促进家庭幸福与社会和谐。各级党委和政府要充分认识实施全面两孩政策、改革完善计划生育服务管理的重要性，增强责任感和使命感，用法治的思维、创新的精神和务实的作风，不断探索新形势下落实计划生育基本国策的体制机制和方式方法，使计划生育成为惠及亿万家庭的甜蜜事业。
II. Guiding thought, basic principles, and main objectives		二、指导思想、基本原则和主要目标
4. Guiding thought		（四）指导思想
The great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics shall be held high, the spirit of the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee shall be comprehensively implemented, the guidance of the Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thoughts of “Three Represents,” and the Scientific Outlook on Development shall be followed, the spirit of a series of important speeches delivered by the General Secretary Xi Jinping shall be profoundly implemented, the strategic blueprint of “Four Comprehensives” with enhancing the harmonious happiness of families and promoting the long-term balanced development of population as the main line shall be adhered to, the basic national policy of family planning shall be adhered to, and the overall plans to promote the comprehensive reform of the childbearing policy, the service management system, the system of supporting the development of families, and governance mechanism shall be developed, to strive to realize balanced development of population that is featured by moderate scale, high quality, optimized structure, and reasonable distribution, promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population and the resources and environment, and provide a solid foundation and enduring power for realizing the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation.		高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，深入贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，坚持“四个全面”战略布局，以增进家庭和谐幸福、促进人口长期均衡发展为主线，坚持计划生育基本国策，统筹推进生育政策、服务管理制度、家庭发展支持体系和治理机制综合改革，努力实现规模适度、素质较高、结构优化、分布合理的人口均衡发展，促进人口与经济社会、资源环境协调可持续发展，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供坚实基础和持久动力。
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