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| Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Maximizing the Function of Environmental Resource Trials and Punishing the Crime of Illegally Mining Mineral Resources | | 最高人民法院关于充分发挥环境资源审判职能作用 依法惩处盗采矿产资源犯罪的意见 |
| (No. 19 [2022] of the Supreme People's Court) | | （法发〔2022〕19号） |
| Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has regarded the construction of ecological civilization as a matter of fundamental importance related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation, and has attached great importance to and continued to advance the protection of the environment and resources. Mineral resources are the precious wealth of the state, the material basis for the work and life of the public, and an important part of the mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, grasslands, and deserts as a community of shared life. The crime of illegally mining mineral resources not only damages the state's mineral resources and their management order and obstructs the sound development of the mining industry, but also is highly likely to cause ecological and environmental damage and lead to safety accidents. For the purposes of maximizing function of the people's courts environmental resource trials, lawfully punishing the crime of illegally mining mineral resources, and effectively maintaining the safety of mineral resources and the ecology and environment, these Opinions are formulated in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. | | 党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央把生态文明建设作为关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，高度重视和持续推进环境资源保护工作。矿产资源是国家的宝贵财富，是人民群众生产、生活的物质基础，是山水林田湖草沙生命共同体的重要组成部分。盗采矿产资源犯罪不仅破坏国家矿产资源及其管理秩序，妨害矿业健康发展，也极易造成生态环境损害，引发安全事故。为充分发挥人民法院环境资源审判职能作用，依法惩处盗采矿产资源犯罪，切实维护矿产资源和生态环境安全，根据有关法律规定，制定本意见。 |
| I. Improving political positions and accurately grasping the fundamental requirements of lawfully punishing the crime of illegally mining mineral resources | | 一、提高政治站位，准确把握依法惩处盗采矿产资源犯罪的根本要求 |
| 1. The guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era shall be adhered to, Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law shall be thoroughly implemented, a close focus shall be put on the big picture of the work of the CPC and the state, and the strictest system and the most rigorous rule of law shall be used to build a judicial shield protecting the safety of mineral resources and the ecology and environment. The people-centered approach shall be upheld, the new development concept shall be fully, accurately, and comprehensively implemented, the dialectical relationship between punishing crimes and protecting the ecology and developing the economy and safeguarding people's livelihood shall be correctly understood and controlled, and the function of the administration of justice to provide guiding rules and value orientation shall be maximized, so as to serve high-quality economic and social development. | | 1.坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想和习近平法治思想，紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，用最严格制度、最严密法治筑牢维护矿产资源和生态环境安全的司法屏障。坚持以人民为中心，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，正确认识和把握惩罚犯罪、保护生态与发展经济、保障民生之间的辩证关系，充分发挥司法的规则引领与价值导向功能，服务经济社会高质量发展。 |
| 2. The serious social harm of the crime of illegally mining mineral resources shall be deeply understood, the situation and tasks of lawful crackdown on the crime of illegally mining mineral resources shall be accurately grasped, and the sense of responsibility and mission shall be enhanced. Various cases of illegally mining mineral resources shall be heard in strict accordance with the law, close attention shall be paid to all steps such as illegal mining, transport, and sale of stolen property, and the "all factors, all steps, and whole chain" standard shall be upheld, so as to ensure the unity of the political, legal, social, and ecological effects of adjudication. | | 2.深刻认识盗采矿产资源犯罪的严重社会危害性，准确把握依法打击盗采矿产资源犯罪的形势任务，增强工作责任感和使命感。严格依法审理各类盗采矿产资源案件，紧盯盗采、运输、销赃等各环节，坚持“全要素、全环节、全链条”标准，确保裁判政治效果、法律效果、社会效果、生态效果相统一。 |
| 3. The basic principles of the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law shall be upheld, the criminal policy of tempering justice with mercy shall be implemented, and perpetrators of illegal mining shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law. The principles of green, liability for damage, and full compensation under the Civil Code shall be implemented, attention shall be paid to exploring and applying preventive and restorative judicial rules, and the civil liability of perpetrators of illegal mining shall be legally determined. The lawful exercise of administration and strict enforcement of law by appropriate administrative authorities shall be supported and guaranteed, and perpetrators of illegal mining shall be effectively held administratively liable. The principle of comprehensive enforcement of liability shall be implemented, and the criminal, civil, and administrative liability of perpetrators of illegal mining shall be properly coordinated in accordance with the law. | | 3.坚持刑法和刑事诉讼法的基本原则，落实宽严相济刑事政策，依法追究盗采行为人的刑事责任。落实民法典绿色原则及损害担责、全面赔偿原则，注重探索、运用预防性恢复性司法规则，依法认定盗采行为人的民事责任。支持和保障行政主管机关依法行政、严格执法，切实追究盗采行为人的行政责任。贯彻落实全面追责原则，依法妥善协调盗采行为人的刑事、民事、行政责任。 |
| 4. Highlighting crackdown priorities and maintaining a state of severe punishment in accordance with the law. The arrangements and requirements of the regular combat against organizations of a gangland nature and gang-like groups shall be implemented, and " bullies in selling decoration materials such as sand," "bullies at mining sites," and their "protective umbrellas" shall continue to be severely punished in accordance with the law, so as to completely cut off their chains of interests and eradicate their breeding grounds. In light of the implementation of the Environmental Protection Law, the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Black Soil Protection Law, and other laws, the crime of illegally mining mineral resources in the delineated ecological protection red line areas, major river basins, black soil protection areas, and prohibited mining areas and during mining prohibition periods shall be strictly punished. On the basis of maintaining the safety and scientific development and utilization of mineral resources, the crime of illegally mining strategically scarce mineral resources shall be severely punished in accordance with the law. | | 4.突出打击重点，保持依法严惩态势。落实常态化开展扫黑除恶斗争部署要求，持续依法严惩“沙霸”“矿霸”及其“保护伞”，彻底斩断其利益链条、铲除其滋生土壤。结合环境保护法、长江保护法、黑土地保护法等法律实施，依法严惩在划定生态保护红线区域、大江大河流域、黑土地保护区域以及在禁采区、禁采期实施的盗采矿产资源犯罪。立足维护矿产资源安全与科学开发利用，依法严惩针对战略性稀缺性矿产资源实施的盗采犯罪。 |
| II. Correctly applying the law and maximizing the function to lawfully punish the crime of illegally mining mineral resources | | 二、正确适用法律，充分发挥依法惩处盗采矿产资源犯罪的职能作用 |
| 5. Conviction and sentencing for illegally mining mineral resources shall be in strict accordance with the provisions of Article 343 of the Criminal Law and the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Illegal or Destructive Mining (hereinafter referred to as the "Interpretation"). Criminals with pure subjective malice, presenting considerable danger to the person, committing crime under execrable circumstances and with serious consequences shall be resolutely and severely punished in accordance with the law. | | 5.严格依照刑法第三百四十三条及《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理非法采矿、破坏性采矿刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（以下简称《解释》）的规定，对盗采矿产资源行为定罪量刑。对犯罪分子主观恶性深、人身危险性大，犯罪情节恶劣、后果严重的，坚决依法从严惩处。 |
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