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| Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
| (No. 58) | | （第五十八号） |
| The Maritime Law of the People's Republic of China, as revised and adopted at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on October 28, 2025, is hereby issued with effect from May 1, 2026. | | 《中华人民共和国海商法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议于2025年10月28日修订通过，现予公布，自2026年5月1日起施行。 |
| Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席 习近平 |
| October 28, 2025 | | 2025年10月28日 |
| Maritime Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国海商法 |
| (Adopted at the 28th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on November 7, 1992, and revised at the 18th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on October 28, 2025) | | （1992年11月7日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议通过 2025年10月28日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议修订） |
| Table of Contents | | 目 录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter II Ships | | 第二章 船 舶 |
| Section 1 Ownership of Ships | | 第一节 船舶所有权 |
| Section 2 Mortgage of Ships | | 第二节 船舶抵押权 |
| Section 3 Maritime Liens | | 第三节 船舶优先权 |
| Section 4 Possessory Lien of Ships | | 第四节 船舶留置权 |
| Chapter III Crew | | 第三章 船 员 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 The Master | | 第二节 船 长 |
| Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea | | 第四章 海上货物运输合同 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Carrier's Responsibilities | | 第二节 承运人的责任 |
| Section 3 Consignor's Responsibilities | | 第三节 托运人的责任 |
| Section 4 Transport Documents | | 第四节 运输单证 |
| Section 5 Electronic Transport Records | | 第五节 电子运输记录 |
| Section 6 Delivery of Goods | | 第六节 货物交付 |
| Section 7 Modification and Rescission of Contracts | | 第七节 合同的变更和解除 |
| Section 8 Special Provisions on Multimodal Transport Contracts | | 第八节 多式联运合同的特别规定 |
| Chapter V Contract of Carriage of Passengers by Sea | | 第五章 海上旅客运输合同 |
| Chapter VI Charter Parties | | 第六章 租船合同 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Voyage Charter Party | | 第二节 航次租船合同 |
| Section 3 Time Charter Party | | 第三节 定期租船合同 |
| Section 4 Bareboat Charter Party | | 第四节 光船租赁合同 |
| Chapter VII Contract of Sea Towage | | 第七章 海上拖航合同 |
| Chapter VIII Collision of Ships | | 第八章 船舶碰撞 |
| Chapter IX Salvage at Sea | | 第九章 海难救助 |
| Chapter X General Average | | 第十章 共同海损 |
| Chapter XI Limit of Liability for Maritime Claims | | 第十一章 海事赔偿责任限制 |
| Chapter XII Liability for Oil Pollution Damage from Ships | | 第十二章 船舶油污损害责任 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Liability for Oil Pollution Damage Resulting from the Carriage of Oil in Bulk by Ships | | 第二节 船舶油类污染损害责任 |
| Section 3 Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage | | 第三节 船舶燃油污染损害责任 |
| Chapter XIII Contract of Marine Insurance | | 第十三章 海上保险合同 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Section 2 Conclusion, Rescission, and Assignment of a Contract | | 第二节 合同的订立、解除和转让 |
| Section 3 Obligations of the Insured | | 第三节 被保险人的义务 |
| Section 4 Liability of the Insurer | | 第四节 保险人的责任 |
| Section 5 Loss of or Damage to the Subject Matter Insured and Abandonment | | 第五节 保险标的的损失和委付 |
| Section 6 Payment of Insurance Indemnity | | 第六节 保险赔偿的支付 |
| Chapter XIV Time Limitation | | 第十四章 时 效 |
| Chapter XV Application of Laws in Relation to Foreign-Related Matters | | 第十五章 涉外关系的法律适用 |
| Chapter XVI Supplemental Provisions | | 第十六章 附 则 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted for the purposes of regulating the relations arising from maritime transport and those pertaining to ships, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties, strengthening the protection of the marine ecology and environment, and promoting the high quality development of maritime transport, economy and trade. | | 第一条 为了调整海上运输关系、船舶关系，保护当事人各方的合法权益，加强海洋生态环境保护，促进海上运输和经济贸易高质量发展，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, “maritime transport” means the carriage of goods and passengers by sea, including sea-river and river-sea direct transport. | | 第二条 本法所称海上运输，是指海上货物运输和海上旅客运输，包括海江之间、江海之间的直达运输。 |
| Article 3 For the purposes of this Law, “ships” means sea-going ships and other mobile installations at sea, excluding ships used for military or government non-commercial purposes and small ships and crafts of less than 20 gross tonnage. “Ship” includes ship's apparel. | | 第三条 本法所称船舶，是指海船和其他海上移动式装置，但是用于军事的、政府公务的船舶和20总吨以下的小型船艇除外。船舶包括船舶属具。 |
| Article 4 Ships are allowed to sail under the national flag of the People's Republic of China after being legally registered and granted the nationality of the People's Republic of China. | | 第四条 船舶经依法登记取得中华人民共和国国籍，有权悬挂中华人民共和国国旗航行。 |
| If a ship sails without flying the national flag of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the law or illegally flies the flag of any other country, region, or organization, the relevant authority shall order it to take corrective action and hold it legally liable in accordance with the law. | | 船舶未依法悬挂中华人民共和国国旗或者违法悬挂其他国家、地区或者组织的旗帜航行的，由有关机关责令改正，并依法追究法律责任。 |
| Article 5 Maritime transport and towage services between the ports of the People's Republic of China shall be undertaken by ships that are lawfully granted the nationality of the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise prescribed by any law or administrative regulation. | | 第五条 中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航，由依法取得中华人民共和国国籍的船舶经营。但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。 |
| No foreign ship may engage in maritime transport or towage services between the ports of the People's Republic of China, unless approved by the transport department of the State Council in accordance with the law. | | 非经国务院交通运输主管部门依法批准，外国籍船舶不得经营中华人民共和国港口之间的海上运输和拖航。 |
| Article 6 The transport department of the State Council, the relevant local people's governments and their transport departments shall be responsible for the supervision and administration of maritime transport activities in accordance with the law. | | 第六条 国务院交通运输主管部门、有关地方人民政府及其交通运输主管部门依法对海上运输活动实施监督管理。 |
| Chapter II Ships | | 第二章 船 舶 |
| Section 1 Ownership of Ships | | 第一节 船舶所有权 |
| Article 7 The ownership of a ship means the shipowner's rights to lawfully possess, utilize, profit from, and dispose of the ship in his ownership. | | 第七条 船舶所有权，是指船舶所有人依法对其船舶享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。 |
| Article 8 The establishment, modification, transfer, or extinction of the ownership of a ship shall be registered at the ship registration authority; and no establishment, modification, transfer, or extinction of the ship's ownership shall act against a bona fide third party unless registered. | | 第八条 船舶所有权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。 |
| The lessor's ownership of a ship under a financial leasing contract shall not act against a bona fide third party unless it is registered. The lessee shall pay the hire according to the ship financial leasing contract. If the lessee fails to pay the hire within a reasonable time limit after receiving the demand for payment, the lessor may require the payment of the full hire; or it may rescind the ship financial leasing contract and take back the leased ship. | | 船舶融资租赁合同出租人对融资租赁船舶享有的所有权，未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。承租人应当按照船舶融资租赁合同支付租金。承租人经催告后在合理期限内仍不支付租金的，出租人可以请求支付全部租金；也可以解除船舶融资租赁合同并收回融资租赁船舶。 |
| A written contract shall be signed for the transfer of the ownership of a ship. | | 船舶所有权的转让，应当签订书面合同。 |
| Article 9 Where a ship is co-owned by two or more legal persons, unincorporated organizations, or natural persons, the co-ownership thereof shall be registered at the ship registration authority. The co-ownership of the ship shall not act against a bond fide third party unless registered. | | 第九条 船舶由两个以上的法人、非法人组织或者自然人共有的，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。 |
| The right holders and interested parties of the ship, and relevant state organs may inquire about the registration status of the ship's ownership in accordance with the law. | | 船舶权利人、利害关系人、有关国家机关可以依法查询船舶所有权的登记状况。 |
| Article 10 Where the parties have agreed on the ownership of a ship under construction, such an agreement shall apply. If there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the ownership shall belong to the shipbuilder. | | 第十条 建造中的船舶的所有权，当事人对其归属有约定的，按照约定；没有约定或者约定不明确的，归造船人所有。 |
| Section 2 Mortgage of Ships | | 第二节 船舶抵押权 |
| Article 11 The right of mortgage with respect to a ship means the right to which the mortgagee is entitled in accordance with the law to have priority to receive repayments with respect to the ship provided by the mortgagor as security for debt, when the debtor fails to pay the due debt or any circumstance for realizing the right of mortgage as agreed by the parties occurs. | | 第十一条 船舶抵押权，是指抵押权人对于抵押人提供的作为债务担保的船舶，在债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权情形时，依法享有的就该船舶优先受偿的权利。 |
| Article 12 The owner of a ship or a person authorized thereby may establish the mortgage of the ship. | | 第十二条 船舶所有人或者船舶所有人授权的人可以设立船舶抵押权。 |
| The mortgage of a ship shall be established by a contract in writing. | | 船舶抵押权的设立，应当签订书面合同。 |
| Article 13 The establishment, modification, transfer, or extinction of the mortgage of a ship shall be registered at the ship registration authority; and no establishment, modification, transfer, or extinction of the mortgage of a ship shall act against a bona fide third party unless registered. | | 第十三条 船舶抵押权的设立、变更、转让和消灭，应当向船舶登记机关登记；未经登记，不得对抗善意第三人。 |
| The registration of the mortgage of a ship shall be jointly handled by the mortgagee and the mortgagor at the ship registration authority. | | 船舶抵押权登记，由抵押权人和抵押人共同向船舶登记机关办理。 |
| The main items for the registration of the mortgage of a ship include: | | 船舶抵押权登记，包括下列主要项目： |
| (1) the business or personal name and address of the mortgagee and mortgagor of the ship; | | （一）船舶抵押权人和抵押人的姓名或者名称、住所； |
| (2) the name and nationality of the mortgaged ship, the authority that issued and the number of the certificate of registration of the ship's ownership; | | （二）抵押船舶的名称、国籍、船舶所有权证书的颁发机关和证书号码； |
| (3) the amount of debt secured and the period for the repayment of debt; and | | （三）所担保的债权数额、受偿期限； |
| (4) the time of registration of ship mortgage. | | （四）抵押权登记的时间。 |
| Information about the registration of mortgage of ships shall be accessible to the public for inquiry. | | 船舶抵押权的登记状况，允许公众查询。 |
| Article 14 Mortgage may be established on a ship under construction. | | 第十四条 建造中的船舶可以设立船舶抵押权。 |
| In registering the mortgage of a ship under construction, the relevant documents shall be submitted to the ship registration authority in accordance with the relevant provisions. | | 建造中的船舶办理抵押权登记，应当依照有关规定向船舶登记机关提交有关文件。 |
| Article 15 The mortgaged ship shall be insured by the mortgagor, except as otherwise agreed upon in the contract. If the ship is not insured, the mortgagee has the right to place the ship under insurance coverage and the insurance premium shall be borne by the mortgagor. | | 第十五条 除合同另有约定外，抵押人应当对抵押船舶进行保险；未保险的，抵押权人有权对该船舶进行保险，保险费由抵押人负担。 |
| Article 16 Except as otherwise agreed upon by the co-owners of a ship, mortgage established over a co-owned ship shall be dealt with according to the following circumstances: | | 第十六条 除船舶共有人另有约定外，以共有船舶设立抵押权的，按照下列情形处理： |
| (1) If a ship is co-owned by shares, the consent of the co-owners holding two-thirds or more of the shares shall be obtained. | | （一）船舶按份共有的，应当取得持有三分之二以上份额的共有人的同意； |
| (2) If a ship is jointly co-owned, the consent of all co-owners shall be obtained. | | （二）船舶共同共有的，应当取得全体共有人的同意。 |
| The mortgage established by the co-owners of a ship shall not be affected by the division of the co-ownership of the ship. | | 船舶共有人设立的抵押权，不因船舶共有权的分割而受影响。 |
| Article 17 After a mortgage is established on a ship, the mortgagor may transfer the mortgaged ship. If it is otherwise agreed upon by the parties, such an agreement shall prevail. Mortgage of a ship shall not be affected if the mortgaged ship is transferred. | | 第十七条 船舶抵押权设立后，抵押人可以转让抵押船舶。当事人另有约定的，按照其约定。抵押船舶转让的，船舶抵押权不受影响。 |
| Article 18 Where the claim secured by ship mortgage is transferred, the mortgage to secure the claim shall be transferred along with it, except as otherwise provided by any law or agreed upon by the parties. | | 第十八条 船舶抵押担保的债权转让的，抵押权一并转让，但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。 |
| Article 19 Where two or more ship mortgages are established on the same ship, the repayment order shall be determined according to the following circumstances: | | 第十九条 同一船舶设立两个以上船舶抵押权的，其清偿顺序按照以下情形确定： |
| (1) If the mortgage of a ship has been registered, repayment shall be made in the chronological order of registration. | | （一）船舶抵押权已经登记的，按照登记的时间先后顺序受偿； |
| (2) The claim secured by a registered mortgage shall be satisfied prior to unregistered ones. | | （二）船舶抵押权已经登记的先于未登记的受偿； |
| (3) For unregistered mortgage, repayment shall be made in proportion to the amount of claims secured. | | （三）船舶抵押权未登记的，按照担保的债权比例受偿。 |
| Article 20 Where the mortgaged ship is damaged, lost, or expropriated, the mortgagee has the priority to receive repayment made with insurance money, compensatory damages, or indemnity, among others. | | 第二十条 抵押船舶毁损、灭失或者被征收的，抵押权人可以就获得的保险金、赔偿金、补偿金等优先受偿。 |
| Section 3 Maritime Liens | | 第三节 船舶优先权 |
| Article 21 Maritime lien means the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of this Law, to take priority in compensation against the shipowner, bareboat charterer, ship manager, or ship operator with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim. | | 第二十一条 船舶优先权，是指海事请求人依照本法规定，向船舶所有人、光船承租人、船舶管理人或者船舶经营人提出海事请求，对产生该海事请求的船舶具有优先受偿的权利。 |
| Article 22 The following maritime claims shall be entitled to maritime liens: | | 第二十二条 下列各项海事请求具有船舶优先权： |
| (1) Claims for the payment of wages, other labor remuneration, crew repatriation expenses, and social insurance costs incurred by the master, crew members, and other personnel on board due to their work on board. | | （一）船长、船员和其他船上在岗人员因在船上工作产生的工资、其他劳动报酬、船员遣返费用、社会保险费用的给付请求； |
| (2) Claims for compensation for personal injury or death that occurs in the operation of the ship. | | （二）在船舶营运中发生的人身伤亡的赔偿请求； |
| (3) Claims for the payment of ship's tonnage dues, pilotage dues, and other port charges. | | （三）船舶吨税、引航费和其他港口规费的缴付请求； |
| (4) Claims for the payment of expenses for salvage at sea. | | （四）海难救助的救助款项的给付请求； |
| (5) Claims for property compensation arising from the infringement in the operation of the ship, excluding claims for compensation for the loss of or damage to the goods, containers, or passengers' luggage on board. | | （五）在船舶营运中因侵权行为产生的财产赔偿请求，但是不包括本船所载的货物、集装箱和旅客行李的灭失或者损坏的赔偿请求。 |
| If civil liability insurance or corresponding financial security has been obtained in accordance with international treaties concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China, or the compulsory provisions of laws and administrative regulations, the maritime claim specified in subparagraphs (2) and (5) of the preceding paragraph shall not be entitled to a maritime lien within the scope of such insurance or financial security. | | 根据中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约或者法律、行政法规的强制性规定，已经取得民事责任保险或者具有相应的财务保证的，在该保险或者财务保证的范围内，前款第二项、第五项规定的海事请求不具有船舶优先权。 |
| Article 23 All maritime claims set out in paragraph 1 of Article 22 of this Law shall be satisfied in the order listed. However, any of the maritime claims set out in subparagraph (4) arising later than those under subparagraphs (1) through (3) shall have priority over those under subparagraphs (1) through (3). | | 第二十三条 本法第二十二条第一款所列各项海事请求，按照顺序受偿。但是，第四项海事请求，后于第一项至第三项发生的，应当先于第一项至第三项受偿。 |
| If there are two or more maritime claims under subparagraph (1), (2), (3), or (5) of paragraph 1 of Article 22 of this Law, they shall be satisfied at the same time regardless of their respective occurrences; and if they could not be paid in full, they shall be satisfied in proportion. If there are two or more maritime claims under subparagraph (4), those arising later shall be satisfied first. | | 本法第二十二条第一款第一项、第二项、第三项、第五项中有两个以上海事请求的，不分先后，同时受偿，不足受偿的，按照比例受偿；第四项中有两个以上海事请求的，后发生的先受偿。 |
| Article 24 Litigation costs arising from the exercise of maritime liens, costs arising from the preservation, auction, or sale of the ship and the distribution of the proceeds of sale and other expenses incurred for the common interests of the claimants, shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds obtained from the auction or sale of the ship. | | 第二十四条 因行使船舶优先权产生的诉讼费用，保存、拍卖或者变卖船舶和分配船舶价款产生的费用，以及为海事请求人的共同利益而支付的其他费用，应当从船舶拍卖或者变卖所得价款中先行拨付。 |
| Article 25 The maritime lien shall not be extinguished by virtue of the transfer of the ownership of the ship, except those that have not been enforced within 60 days of a public notice on the transfer of the ownership of the ship made by a court at the request of the transferee when the transfer is effected. | | 第二十五条 船舶优先权不因船舶所有权的转让而消灭。但是，船舶转让时，船舶优先权自法院应受让人申请予以公告之日起满六十日不行使的除外。 |
| Article 26 Where the maritime claim enjoying a maritime lien as prescribed in Article 22 of this Law is transferred or subrogated, the said maritime lien shall be transferred accordingly. | | 第二十六条 本法第二十二条规定的具有船舶优先权的海事请求发生转让或者代位的，该项船舶优先权随之转移。 |
| Article 27 A maritime lien shall be enforced by the court by arresting the ship that gave rise to the said maritime lien. | | 第二十七条 船舶优先权应当通过法院扣押产生优先权的船舶行使。 |
| Article 28 A maritime lien shall, except as prescribed in Article 25 of this Law, be extinguished for any of the following reasons: | | 第二十八条 除本法第二十五条规定的情形外，船舶优先权因下列原因之一而消灭： |
| (1) The maritime lien has not been enforced within one year after the date of its creation. | | （一）自产生之日起满一年不行使； |
| (2) The ship is auctioned or sold by the court in accordance with the law. | | （二）船舶被法院依法拍卖或者变卖； |
| (3) The ship has been lost. | | （三）船舶灭失。 |
| The period of one year specified in subparagraph (1) of the preceding paragraph shall not be suspended or interrupted. | | 前款第一项规定的一年期限不得中止或者中断。 |
| The period of one year for the maritime lien enjoyed by the maritime claim specified in subparagraph (1), paragraph 1 of Article 22 of this Law shall be calculated from the date when the claimant disembarks from the ship on which he is serving. | | 本法第二十二条第一款第一项规定的海事请求具有的船舶优先权的一年期限，自海事请求人从其任职的船舶上离船之日起算。 |
| Article 29 The provisions of this Section shall not affect the implementation of the limit of liability for maritime claims prescribed in Chapter XI of this Law. | | 第二十九条 本节规定不影响本法第十一章关于海事赔偿责任限制规定的实施。 |
| Section 4 Possessory Lien of Ships | | 第四节 船舶留置权 |
| Article 30 The possessory lien means the right of the ship builder or repairer to take lien of the ship already in the lawful possession thereof and to have priority to receive repayment when the other party to the contract fails to pay the cost of the construction or repair of the ship as agreed. | | 第三十条 船舶留置权，是指造船人、修船人在合同另一方未按照约定支付船舶建造或者修理费用时，留置已经合法占有的船舶，并就该船舶优先受偿的权利。 |
| The possessory lien shall be extinguished when the ship builder or repairer no longer possesses the ship he has built or repaired. | | 船舶留置权在造船人、修船人不再占有建造或者修理的船舶时消灭。 |
| The possessory lien shall have priority over ship mortgage and a maritime lien shall have priority over a possessory lien. | | 船舶留置权先于船舶抵押权受偿，后于船舶优先权受偿。 |
| Article 31 Except as otherwise agreed upon, if the debtor still fails to perform his obligations 60 days after the ship has been retained by the ship builder or repairer, the lienor may agree with the debtor to have the ship under lien converted into money or may have priority to receive repayments made from proceeds obtained from the auction or sale of the ship under lien. | | 第三十一条 除另有约定外，造船人、修船人留置船舶满六十日后，债务人仍不履行债务的，可以与债务人协议以留置船舶折价，也可以就拍卖、变卖留置船舶所得的价款优先受偿。 |
| Article 32 During the period of lien, the seizure, auction, or sale of a ship by the court shall not affect the right of the lienor of the ship to have priority to receive repayments. | | 第三十二条 在留置期间，船舶被法院扣押并拍卖、变卖的，不影响船舶留置权人优先受偿的权利。 |
| Chapter III Crew | | 第三章 船 员 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Article 33 “Crew” means the entire complement of the ship, including the master. | | 第三十三条 船员，是指包括船长在内的船上一切任职人员。 |
| Article 34 A crew member of Chinese nationality shall obtain a certificate of competency and a health certificate according to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on crew management. | | 第三十四条 中国籍船员应当依照有关船员管理的法律、行政法规的规定取得相应的船员适任证书和健康证明。 |
| A foreign crew member working on a ship of Chinese nationality shall be subject to the provisions of laws and administrative regulations on crew management. | | 外国籍船员在中国籍船舶上工作的，按照有关船员管理的法律、行政法规的规定执行。 |
| Article 35 Crew of Chinese nationality engaged in international voyages shall hold the seafarers' passport and relevant certificates issued by the maritime safety administration of the People's Republic of China in accordance with the law. | | 第三十五条 从事国际航行船舶的中国籍船员，应当依法持有中华人民共和国海事管理机构颁发的海员证和有关证书。 |
| Article 36 The crew's employer shall conclude labor contracts with the crew in accordance with relevant laws, administrative regulations, and international treaties on the labor and social security of the crew concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China. | | 第三十六条 船员用人单位应当依照有关法律、行政法规和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的有关船员劳动与社会保障国际条约的规定，与船员订立劳动合同。 |
| If the employment of the crew as well as their rights and obligations regarding labor and social security are not prescribed in this Law, the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply. | | 船员的任用和船员劳动与社会保障方面的权利义务，本法没有规定的，适用有关法律、行政法规的规定。 |
| Section 2 The Master | | 第二节 船 长 |
| Article 37 The master shall be responsible for the management and command of the ship. | | 第三十七条 船长负责管理和指挥船舶。 |
| Orders given by the master within the scope of his functions and powers shall be carried out by the crew, passengers, and other personnel on board. | | 船长在其职权范围内发布的命令，船员、旅客和其他在船人员应当执行。 |
| The master shall take necessary measures to protect the ship and all personnel on board, documents, postal matters, goods, and other property carried, and prevent ships from polluting the ecology and environment. | | 船长应当采取必要的措施，保护船舶和在船人员、文件、邮件、货物以及其他财产，防治船舶污染生态环境。 |
| Article 38 To ensure the safety of personnel on board and the ship, the master shall have the authority to take confinement or other necessary measures against the persons suspected of committing illegal and criminal activities on board and prevent them from concealing, destroying, and falsifying evidence. | | 第三十八条 为保障在船人员和船舶的安全，船长有权对在船上涉嫌进行违法犯罪活动的人员采取禁闭或者其他必要措施，并防止其隐匿、毁灭、伪造证据。 |
| To take the measures as mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the master shall prepare a written report on the case, which shall bear the signatures of the master and two or more persons on board and shall be handed over, together with the persons who are suspected of committing illegal and criminal activities, to the relevant authority for handling. | | 船长采取前款措施，应当制作案情报告书，由船长和两名以上在船人员签字，连同涉嫌违法犯罪活动的人员送交有关机关处理。 |
| Article 39 The master shall make entries in the log book of any occurrence of birth or death on board and shall issue a certificate to that effect in the presence of two witnesses. The death certificate shall be accompanied by a list of personal belongings of the deceased, and attestation shall be given by the master to the will, if any, of the deceased. Both the death certificate and the will shall be kept by the master and handed over to the family members of the deceased or relevant parties. | | 第三十九条 船长应当将船上发生的出生或者死亡事件记入航海日志，并在两名证人的参加下制作证明书。死亡证明书应当附有死者遗物清单。死者有遗嘱的，船长应当予以证明。死亡证明书和遗嘱由船长负责保管，并送交家属或者有关方面。 |
| Article 40 Where a sea casualty has occurred to a ship and endangers the safety of personnel and property on board, the master shall arrange for crew members and other personnel on board to render rescue. If the sinking or destruction of the ship is inevitable, the master has the right to make a decision to abandon the ship. | | 第四十条 船舶发生海上事故，危及在船人员和财产安全时，船长应当组织船员和其他在船人员尽力施救。在船舶沉没、毁灭不可避免的情况下，船长有权作出弃船决定。 |
| When abandoning the ship, the master shall take all measures first to evacuate the passengers safely from the ship in an orderly way, then arrange for crew members to evacuate, while the master shall be the last to evacuate. Before leaving the ship, the master shall instruct crew members to try their best to rescue the deck log book, the engine log book, the oil record book, the radio log book, the charts, documents, and papers used in the current voyage, as well as valuables, postal matters, and cash, and instruct crew members to close oil tank valves and other equipment to prevent or minimize pollution. | | 弃船时，船长应当采取一切措施，首先组织旅客安全离船，然后安排船员离船，船长应当最后离船。在离船前，船长应当指挥船员尽力抢救航海日志、轮机日志、油类记录簿、无线电记录簿、本航次使用过的海图和文件，以及贵重物品、邮件和现金，指挥船员关闭油舱阀门等设备以防止或者减少污染发生。 |
| Article 41 The duty of the master in the management and command of a ship shall not be relieved by the presence of a pilot piloting the ship. | | 第四十一条 船长管理船舶和指挥船舶的责任，不因引航员引领船舶而解除。 |
| Article 42 Where a master dies during the voyage or is unable to perform duties for any reason, the deck officer with the highest position shall serve as the master; and before the ship sails from the next port of call, the owner, operator, or manager of the ship shall appoint a new master. | | 第四十二条 船长在航行中死亡或者因故不能执行职务时，应当由驾驶员中职务最高的人代理船长职务；在下一个港口开航前，船舶所有人、船舶经营人或者船舶管理人应当指派新船长接任。 |
| Chapter IV Contract of Carriage of Goods by Sea | | 第四章 海上货物运输合同 |
| Section 1 General Rules | | 第一节 一般规定 |
| Article 43 A contract of carriage of goods by sea is a contract under which the carrier, against the payment of freight, undertakes to carry by sea the goods contracted for shipment by the consignor from one port to another, including the international contract of carriage of goods by sea and the domestic contract of carriage of goods by sea between the ports of the People's Republic of China. | | 第四十三条 海上货物运输合同，是指承运人收取运费，负责将托运人托运的货物经海路由一港运至另一港的合同，包括国际海上货物运输合同和中华人民共和国港口之间的国内海上货物运输合同。 |
| Article 44 The following terms in this Chapter shall have the following meanings: | | 第四十四条 本章下列用语的含义： |
| (1) “Carrier” means the person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been entered into with the consignor. | | （一）承运人，是指本人或者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立海上货物运输合同的人。 |
| (2) “Actual carrier” means the person who accepts the carrier's entrustment or sub-entrustment and actually performs all or part of the carrier's obligations specified in Article 49 of this Law. | | （二）实际承运人，是指接受承运人委托或者转委托，实际履行本法第四十九条规定的全部或者部分承运人义务的人。 |
| (3) “Consignor” means: | | （三）托运人，是指： |
| (a) the person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier; or | | 1.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人与承运人订立海上货物运输合同的人。 |
| (b) the person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods have been delivered to the carrier involved in the contract of carriage of goods by sea. | | 2.本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人将货物交给与海上货物运输合同有关的承运人的人。 |
| (4) “Consignee” means the person who is entitled to take delivery of the goods. | | （四）收货人，是指有权提取货物的人。 |
| (5) “Goods” includes live animals and containers, pallets, vehicles, or similar articles of transport provided by the consignor for consolidating the goods. | | （五）货物，包括活动物和由托运人提供的用于集装货物的集装箱、货盘、车辆或者类似的装运器具。 |
| (6) “Transport documents” means bills of lading, sea waybills, and other documents proving the contract of carriage of goods by sea and that the goods have been taken over by the carrier or loaded on board. | | （六）运输单证，是指提单、海运单以及其他证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船的单证。 |
| (7) “Bill of lading” means a document which serves as an evidence of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and based on which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrendering the same. | | （七）提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。 |
| Article 45 Any clauses of a contract of carriage of goods by sea or a bill of lading or other transport documents evidencing such contract which violate the provisions of this Chapter, and any clause assigning the benefit of insurance of the goods to the carrier or any similar clause shall be null and void. However, such nullity and voidness shall not affect the validity of other provisions of the contract or the bill of lading or other transport documents. | | 第四十五条 违反本章规定的海上货物运输合同和作为合同证明的提单或者其他运输单证中的条款，以及将货物的保险利益转让给承运人的条款或者类似条款无效。此类条款的无效，不影响该合同和提单或者其他运输单证中其他条款的效力。 |
| Article 46 The provisions of Article 45 of this Law shall not affect the increase of the carrier's duties and obligations besides those set out in this Chapter. | | 第四十六条 本法第四十五条的规定不影响承运人在本章规定的承运人责任和义务之外，增加其责任和义务。 |
| Section 2 Carrier's Responsibilities | | 第二节 承运人的责任 |
| Article 47 The responsibilities of the carrier with respect to the goods carried in containers cover the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time when the carrier has taken over the goods at the port of loading to the time when the goods are delivered at the port of discharge. The responsibilities of the carrier with respect to non-containerized goods cover the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time when the goods are loaded on board to the time when the goods are discharged from the ship. During the period when the carrier is in charge of the goods, the carrier shall be liable for compensation for the loss of or damage to the goods, except as otherwise prescribed in this Section. | | 第四十七条 承运人对集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从装货港接收货物时起至卸货港交付货物时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。承运人对非集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从货物装上船时起至卸下船时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。在承运人的责任期间，货物发生灭失或者损坏，除本节另有规定外，承运人应当承担赔偿责任。 |
| The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not prevent the carrier from entering into any agreement concerning the carrier's responsibilities with respect to non-containerized goods before they are loaded on board and after they are discharged from the ship. | | 前款规定，不影响承运人就非集装箱装运的货物在装船前和卸船后所承担的责任达成任何协议。 |
| Article 48 The carrier shall, before and at the beginning of the voyage, exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy, properly man, equip, and supply the ship and to make the holds, all other parts of the ship in which the goods are carried, and any containers supplied by the carrier fit and safe for their reception, carriage, and preservation. | | 第四十八条 承运人在船舶开航前和开航当时，应当谨慎处理，使船舶处于适航状态，妥善配备船员、装备船舶和配备供应品，并使货舱、船舶其他载货处所以及承运人提供的载货集装箱适于并能安全收受、载运和保管货物。 |
| The carrier engaged in the domestic carriage of goods by sea shall also fulfill the obligations specified in the preceding paragraph in the voyage. | | 国内海上货物运输的承运人，还应当在航程中尽到前款义务。 |
| Article 49 The carrier shall properly and carefully receive, load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, discharge, and deliver the goods carried. | | 第四十九条 承运人应当妥善、谨慎地接收、装载、搬移、积载、运输、保管、照料、卸载和交付所运货物。 |
| Article 50 The carrier shall carry the goods to the port of discharge on the agreed or customary or geographically direct route. | | 第五十条 承运人应当按照约定的或者习惯的或者地理上的航线，将货物运往卸货港。 |
| Any deviation made by a ship for the purpose of saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or in navigable waters adjacent thereto or other reasonable deviation shall not be deemed a violation of the provisions of the preceding paragraph. | | 船舶在海上或者与海相通的可航水域为救助或者企图救助人命或者财产而发生的绕航或者其他合理绕航，不属于违反前款规定的行为。 |
| Article 51 Delay in delivery occurs when the goods have not been delivered at the designated port of discharge within the time period expressly agreed upon. Delay in delivery also occurs when the goods are not delivered within a reasonable time period in the domestic carriage of goods by sea. | | 第五十一条 货物未能在明确约定的期限内，在约定的卸货港交付的，构成迟延交付；国内海上货物运输中，货物未能在合理期限内交付的，也构成迟延交付。 |
| The carrier shall be liable for compensation for the loss of or damage to the goods or other economic losses caused by delay in delivery due to the fault of the carrier, except under the circumstance where the carrier is not liable for compensation as prescribed in this Chapter. | | 除依照本章规定承运人不承担赔偿责任的情形外，由于承运人的过错，致使货物因迟延交付而灭失、损坏或者遭受其他经济损失的，承运人应当承担赔偿责任。 |
| The person entitled to claim compensation for the loss of goods may treat the goods as lost if the carrier fails to deliver the goods within 60 days from the expiry of the period for delivery specified in paragraph 1 of this Article. | | 承运人未能在本条第一款规定的期限届满六十日内交付货物，有权对货物灭失提出赔偿请求的人可以认为货物已经灭失。 |
| Article 52 The carrier shall not be liable for compensation for the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of the goods that occurred during the period of the carrier's responsibilities arising from any of the following causes: | | 第五十二条 在责任期间货物发生的灭失、损坏，或者迟延交付是由于下列原因之一造成的，承运人不承担赔偿责任： |
| (1) Fault of the master, crew member, pilot, or employee of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship. | | （一）船长、船员、引航员或者承运人的其他受雇人在驾驶船舶或者管理船舶中的过错； |
| (2) Fire on board, unless caused by the fault of the carrier. | | （二）船上火灾，但是由于承运人本人的过错所造成的除外； |
| (3) Natural disasters, dangers, or accidents on the sea or in navigable waters adjacent thereto. | | （三）天灾，海上或者与海相通的可航水域的危险或者意外事故； |
| (4) War or armed conflict, piracy, or terrorist activities. | | （四）战争或者武装冲突、海盗或者恐怖活动； |
| (5) Acts of the government or appropriate authorities, quarantine restrictions, or judicial seizure not due to causes attributable to the carrier, the actual carrier, or the employee or agent thereof. | | （五）政府或者主管部门的行为、检疫限制，或者非因承运人、实际承运人或者其受雇人、代理人原因引起的司法扣押； |
| (6) Strike, suspension of work or restraint of labor. | | （六）罢工、停工或者劳动受到限制； |
| (7) Saving or attempting to save life or property on the sea or in navigable waters adjacent thereto. | | （七）在海上或者与海相通的可航水域救助、企图救助人命或者财产； |
| (8) Act of the consignor, the owner of goods, the consignee, or the employee or agent thereof. | | （八）托运人、货物所有人、收货人或者他们的受雇人、代理人的行为； |
| (9) Natural characteristics or inherent defects of the goods. | | （九）货物的自然特性或者固有缺陷； |
| (10) Inappropriate packing of the goods or insufficiency of illegibility of marks. | | （十）货物包装不当或者标志欠缺、不清； |
| (11) Potential defects of the ship that cannot be detected by due diligence. | | （十一）经谨慎处理仍不能发现的船舶潜在缺陷； |
| (12) Any other cause arising without the fault of the carrier, the actual carrier, or the employee or agent thereof. | | （十二）非由于承运人、实际承运人或者其受雇人、代理人的过错造成的其他原因。 |
| The aforesaid subparagraphs (1) and (2) of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the domestic carriage of goods by sea. | | 前款第一项、第二项不适用于国内海上货物运输。 |
| The carrier exempted from the liability for compensation in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article shall bear the burden of proof, except for the cause specified in subparagraph (2). | | 承运人依照本条第一款规定免除赔偿责任的，除第二项规定的原因外，应当承担举证责任。 |
| Article 53 The carrier shall not be liable for the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of live animals due to special risks inherent in the carriage thereof. However, the carrier shall prove that it has fulfilled the special requirements of the consignor for the carriage of live animals and that according to the circumstances of sea carriage, the loss, damage, or delay in delivery has occurred due to the special risks inherent therein. | | 第五十三条 因运输活动物固有的特殊风险造成活动物灭失、损害或者迟延交付的，承运人不承担赔偿责任。但是，承运人应当证明其已经履行托运人关于运输活动物的特别要求，并证明根据实际情况，灭失、损害或者迟延交付是由于运输活动物固有的特殊风险造成的。 |
| Article 54 The carrier that intends to carry the goods on deck shall reach an agreement with the consignor or comply with the custom of the trade or the provisions of relevant laws or administrative regulations. | | 第五十四条 承运人在舱面上载运货物，应当与托运人达成协议，或者符合航运惯例，或者符合有关法律、行政法规的规定。 |
| When the goods have been loaded on deck in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the consignor shall not be liable for the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of the goods caused by special risks involved in such carriage. | | 承运人依照前款规定将货物装载在舱面上，对由于此种载运的特殊风险造成的货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，不承担赔偿责任。 |
| If the carrier and the consignor have reached an agreement to carry the goods on deck, it shall be indicated in the bill of lading. If an agreement is not so specified, it shall not act against any bona fide third party. | | 承运人与托运人达成协议在舱面上载运货物的，应当在提单中载明；未载明的，不得对抗善意第三人。 |
| Article 55 Where the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of the goods is caused due to the reason for which the carrier or the employee or agent thereof shall not be exempt from liability, together with another cause, the carrier shall be liable for compensation only to the extent that the carrier shall not be exempt from liability; however, the carrier shall bear the burden of proof for the loss, damage, or delay in delivery resulting from the other cause. | | 第五十五条 货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付是由于承运人或者承运人的受雇人、代理人不能免除赔偿责任的原因和其他原因共同造成的，承运人仅在其不能免除赔偿责任的范围内承担赔偿责任；但是，承运人对其他原因造成的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付应当承担举证责任。 |
| Article 56 The limit of compensation for the loss of the goods shall be calculated based on the actual value of the goods so lost, while that for the damage to the goods shall be calculated based on the difference between the actual values of the goods before and after the damage or based on the expenses for the repair of the goods. | | 第五十六条 货物灭失的赔偿额，按照货物的实际价值计算；货物损坏的赔偿额，按照货物受损前后实际价值的差额或者货物的修复费用计算。 |
| The actual value of the goods shall be calculated according to the market price of the goods at the time of delivery at the place of delivery, or, if the market price at the place of delivery cannot be determined, it shall be calculated according to the value of the goods at the time of shipment plus insurance and freight. | | 货物的实际价值，按照在交货地交付时的市场价格计算；不能确定在交货地交付时的市场价格的，按照货物装船时的价值加保险费加运费计算。 |
| The expenses underpaid or waived due to the loss of or damage to the goods shall be deducted from the actual value of the goods as mentioned in the preceding paragraph at the time of compensation. | | 前款规定的货物实际价值，赔偿时应当减去因货物灭失或者损坏而少付或者免付的有关费用。 |
| Article 57 The carrier's liability for the loss of or damage to the goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to 666.67 units of account per package or other shipping unit, or two units of account per kilogram of the gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is higher, except where the nature and value of the goods had been declared by the consignor before shipment and indicated in the bill of lading, or where an amount higher than the amount of limit of liability set out in this Article had been agreed upon between the carrier and the consignor. | | 第五十七条 承运人对货物灭失或者损坏的赔偿限额，按照货物件数或者其他货运单位数计算，每件或者每个其他货运单位为666.67计算单位，或者按照货物毛重计算，每千克为2计算单位，以其中赔偿限额较高的为准。但是，托运人在货物装运前已经申报其性质和价值并在提单中载明，或者承运人与托运人已经另行约定高于本条规定的赔偿限额的除外。 |
| If the goods are consolidated in containers, pallets, vehicles, or similar article of transport, the number of packages or other shipping units indicated in the bill of lading as packed in such article of transport shall be deemed to be the number of packages or other shipping units prescribed in the preceding paragraph. If not so indicated, the goods in such article of transport shall be deemed to be one package or one shipping unit. | | 货物用集装箱、货盘、车辆或者类似装运器具集装的，提单中载明装在此类装运器具中的货物件数或者其他货运单位数，视为前款规定的货物件数或者其他货运单位数；未载明的，每一装运器具视为一件货物或者一个其他货运单位。 |
| If the article of transport is not owned or provided by the carrier, such article of transport shall be deemed to be one package or one shipping unit. | | 装运器具不属于承运人所有或者非由承运人提供的，装运器具本身应当视为一件货物或者一个其他货运单位。 |
| Article 58 The liability of the carrier for economic losses caused by the delay in the delivery of goods shall be limited to an amount equivalent to the freight payable for the goods so delayed. If the loss of or damage to the goods has occurred concurrently with the delay in the delivery thereof, the limit of liability of the carrier shall be that set out in paragraph 1 of Article 57 of this Law. | | 第五十八条 承运人对于货物因迟延交付造成经济损失的赔偿限额，为所迟延交付的货物的运费数额。货物的灭失、损坏和迟延交付同时发生的，承运人的赔偿责任限额适用本法第五十七条第一款规定的限额。 |
| Article 59 The defense and limit of liability prescribed in this Chapter shall apply to any claim for compensation made against the carrier through litigation, arbitration, or other methods with respect to the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of goods covered by the contract of carriage of goods by sea, no matter whether the claimant is a party to the contract or whether the claim is made in accordance with the contract or against the tort. | | 第五十九条 就海上货物运输合同所涉及的货物灭失、损坏或者迟延交付通过诉讼、仲裁等方式对承运人提起的任何赔偿请求，无论海事请求人是否为合同的一方，也无论是根据合同或者侵权行为提出请求，均适用本章关于承运人的抗辩理由和限制赔偿责任的规定。 |
| The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply if the claim for compensation as mentioned in the preceding paragraph is made against the carrier's employee or agent, and the carrier's employee or agent proves that his act is within the scope of his employment or agency. | | 对承运人的受雇人或者代理人提起前款赔偿请求的，承运人的受雇人或者代理人证明其行为在受雇或者受委托的范围内的，适用前款规定。 |
| Article 60 The carrier shall not invoke the provisions of Article 57 or 58 of this Law on the limit of liability, if it is proved that the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of the goods results from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage, or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage, or delay would probably result. | | 第六十条 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付是由于承运人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的，承运人不得援用本法第五十七条或者第五十八条限制赔偿责任的规定。 |
| The employee or agent of the carrier shall not invoke the provisions of Article 57 or 58 of this Law on the limit of liability, if it is proved that the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of goods results from an act or omission of the employee or agent of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage, or delay or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage, or delay would probably result. | | 经证明，货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付是由于承运人的受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的，承运人的受雇人或者代理人不得援用本法第五十七条或者第五十八条限制赔偿责任的规定。 |
| Article 61 Where the carrier entrusts the performance of the carriage or part thereof to the actual carrier, the carrier shall nevertheless remain responsible for the entire carriage according to the provisions of this Chapter. For the carriage undertaken by the actual carrier, the carrier shall be responsible for the acts of the actual carrier and of the employee or agent thereof acting within the scope of his employment or agency. | | 第六十一条 承运人将货物运输或者部分运输委托给实际承运人履行的，承运人仍然应当依照本章规定对全部运输负责。对实际承运人承担的运输，承运人应当对实际承运人的行为或者实际承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇或者受委托的范围内的行为负责。 |
| Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if a contract of carriage by sea explicitly provides that a specified part of the carriage covered by the said contract is to be performed by a designated actual carrier other than the carrier, the contract may nevertheless provide that the carrier shall not be liable for compensation for the loss, damage, or delay in delivery which takes place while the goods are in the charge of the actual carrier during such part of the carriage. However, such an agreement shall be indicated in the bill of lading; otherwise, such an agreement shall not act against any bona fide third party. | | 虽有前款规定，在海上货物运输合同中明确约定合同所包括的特定的部分运输由承运人以外的指定的实际承运人履行的，合同可以同时约定，货物在指定的实际承运人掌管期间发生的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付，承运人不承担赔偿责任。但是，此种约定应当在提单中载明；未载明的，不得对抗善意第三人。 |
| Article 62 The provisions of this Chapter on the responsibility of the carrier shall apply to the actual carrier. If a claim for compensation is made against the employee or agent of the actual carrier, the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 59 and paragraph 2 of Article 60 of this Law shall apply. | | 第六十二条 本章关于承运人责任的规定，适用于实际承运人。对实际承运人的受雇人、代理人提起赔偿请求的，适用本法第五十九条第二款和第六十条第二款的规定。 |
| Article 63 Any special agreement under which the carrier assumes obligations not prescribed in this Chapter or waives the rights conferred by this Chapter shall be binding upon the actual carrier when the actual carrier expressly agrees in writing to the content thereof. The provisions of such a special agreement shall be binding upon the carrier whether the actual carrier has agreed to its content or not. | | 第六十三条 承运人承担本章未规定的义务或者放弃本章赋予的权利的任何特别协议，经实际承运人书面明确同意的，对实际承运人发生效力；实际承运人是否同意，不影响此项特别协议对承运人的效力。 |
| Article 64 Where both the carrier and the actual carrier are liable for compensation, they shall be jointly and severally liable within the scope of such liability. | | 第六十四条 承运人与实际承运人均负有赔偿责任的，应当在此项责任范围内承担连带责任。 |
| Article 65 Where the claims for compensation have been separately made against the carrier, the actual carrier, and the employee or agent thereof with respect to the loss of, damage to, or delay in the delivery of the goods, the aggregate amount of compensation shall not exceed the limitation prescribed in Article 57 or 58 of this Law. | | 第六十五条 就货物的灭失、损坏或者迟延交付分别向承运人、实际承运人以及他们的受雇人、代理人提出赔偿请求的，赔偿总额不得超过本法第五十七条或者第五十八条规定的限额。 |
| Article 66 The provisions of Articles 61 through 65 of this Law shall not affect the recourse between the carrier and the actual carrier. | | 第六十六条 本法第六十一条至第六十五条的规定，不影响承运人和实际承运人之间相互追偿。 |
| Section 3 Consignor's Responsibilities | | 第三节 托运人的责任 |
| Article 67 The consignor shall deliver goods to the carrier for carriage in accordance with the agreements of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and shall ensure that the goods delivered for carriage are suitable for the agreed carriage. | | 第六十七条 托运人应当按照海上货物运输合同的约定将货物交付承运人运输，并保证交付运输的货物适于约定的运输。 |
| Article 68 The consignor shall have the goods properly packed and shall guarantee the accuracy of the description, mark, number of packages or pieces, and weight or volume of the goods provided at the time of shipment and shall be liable for compensation for any loss caused to the carrier due to inappropriate packing or inaccuracies in the aforesaid information. | | 第六十八条 托运人托运货物，应当妥善包装，并向承运人保证货物装船时所提供货物的品名、标志、包数或者件数、重量或者体积的正确性；由于包装不当或者上述资料不正确，对承运人造成损失的，托运人应当承担赔偿责任。 |
| The carrier's right to indemnification in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall not affect the responsibility of the carrier under the contract of carriage of goods by sea to persons other than the consignor. | | 承运人依照前款规定享有的受偿权利，不影响其根据海上货物运输合同对托运人以外的人所承担的责任。 |
| Article 69 The consignor shall promptly complete all procedures necessary for the transport of goods at the port, customs, or other appropriate authorities and shall deliver to the carrier all documents concerning the procedures the consignor has undergone. The consignor shall be liable for compensation for any damage caused to the interest of the carrier due to the untimely, incomplete, or incorrect handling of all procedures. | | 第六十九条 托运人应当及时向港口、海关和其他主管机关办理货物运输所需要的各项手续，并将已办理各项手续的单证送交承运人；因办理各项手续不及时、不完备或者不正确，使承运人的利益受到损害的，托运人应当承担赔偿责任。 |
| Article 70 At the time of shipment of dangerous goods, the consignor shall, in accordance with the provisions on the carriage of dangerous goods by sea, have them properly packed, distinctly marked and labeled, and notify the carrier in writing of their proper description, nature, and the precautions and emergency measures to be taken. If the consignor fails to notify the carrier or notifies the carrier inaccurately, the carrier may have such goods landed, destroyed, or rendered innocuous when and where circumstances so require, without compensation. The consignor shall be liable to the carrier for any damage resulting from such shipment. | | 第七十条 托运人托运危险货物，应当按照有关海上危险货物运输的规定妥善包装，作出危险品标志和标签，并将货物正式名称和性质以及应当采取的预防危害措施、应急处置措施书面通知承运人；托运人未通知或者通知有误的，承运人可以在任何时间、任何地点根据情况需要将货物卸下、销毁或者消除危险性，而不承担赔偿责任。托运人对承运人因运输此类货物所受到的损害，应当承担赔偿责任。 |
| Notwithstanding the carrier's knowledge of the nature of the dangerous goods and his consent to the carriage, the carrier may still have such goods landed, destroyed, or rendered innocuous, without compensation, when they become an actual danger to the ship, the crew and other persons on board or to other goods. However, the provisions of this paragraph shall not prejudice the contribution in general average, if any. | | 承运人知道危险货物的性质并已同意装运的，仍然可以在该项货物对于船舶、人员或者其他货物构成实际危险时，将货物卸下、销毁或者消除危险性，并且不承担赔偿责任。但是，本款规定不影响共同海损的分摊。 |
| Article 71 The consignor shall pay the freight to the carrier as agreed. | | 第七十一条 托运人应当按照约定向承运人支付运费。 |
| The consignor and the carrier may reach an agreement that the freight shall be paid by the consignee. However, the agreement shall be indicated in the transport documents. | | 托运人与承运人可以约定运费由收货人支付；但是，此项约定应当在运输单证中载明。 |
| Article 72 The consignor shall not be liable for compensation for any loss suffered by the carrier or the actual carrier or for any damage suffered by the ship, unless such loss or damage is caused by the fault of the consignor or the employee or agent thereof. | | 第七十二条 托运人对承运人、实际承运人所遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的损坏，不承担赔偿责任；但是，此种损失或者损坏是由于托运人或者托运人的受雇人、代理人的过错造成的除外。 |
| The employee or agent of the consignor shall not be liable for compensation for any loss suffered by the carrier or the actual carrier, or for any damage suffered by the ship, unless the loss or damage is caused by the fault of the employee or agent of the consignor. | | 托运人的受雇人、代理人对承运人、实际承运人所遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的损坏，不承担赔偿责任；但是，此种损失或者损坏是由于托运人的受雇人、代理人的过错造成的除外。 |
| Section 4 Transport Documents | | 第四节 运输单证 |
| Article 73 When the goods are taken over by the carrier or loaded on board, the carrier shall issue the bill of lading as required by the consignor. The bill of lading may be issued by a person authorized by the carrier. The bill of lading issued by the master of the ship carrying the goods shall be deemed to be issued on behalf of the carrier. | | 第七十三条 货物由承运人接收或者装船后，应托运人的要求，承运人应当签发提单。提单可以由承运人授权的人签发；由载货船舶的船长签发的，视为代表承运人签发。 |
| Article 74 The content of the bill of lading shall include: | | 第七十四条 提单内容包括下列各项： |
| (1) description of the goods, mark, the number of packages or pieces, the weight or volume of the goods, and a description of the dangerous nature when transporting dangerous goods; | | （一）货物的品名、标志、包数或者件数、重量或者体积，以及运输危险货物时对危险性质的说明； |
| (2) the name and principal place of business of the carrier; | | （二）承运人的名称和主营业地； |
| (3) the name of the ship; | | （三）船舶名称； |
| (4) the name of the consignor; | | （四）托运人的名称； |
| (5) the name of the consignee or instructions relating to the consignee; | | （五）收货人的名称或者关于收货人的指示说明； |
| (6) the port of loading; | | （六）装货港； |
| (7) the port of discharge; | | （七）卸货港； |
| (8) the place where the goods are taken over and the place where the goods are to be delivered, in the case of multimodal transport bill of lading; | | （八）多式联运提单增列接收货物地点和交付货物地点； |
| (9) the date and place of issue of the bill of lading and the number of copies of the bill of lading issued; | | （九）提单的签发日期、地点和份数； |
| (10) the payment of freight; and | | （十）运费的支付； |
| (11) the signature of the carrier or a person acting on behalf thereof. | | （十一）承运人或者其代表的签名。 |
| In a bill of lading, the lack of one or more items specified in the preceding paragraph does not affect the nature of the bill of lading, provided that the bill of lading shall satisfy the requirements specified in subparagraph (7) of Article 44 of this Law. | | 提单缺少前款规定的一项或者几项的，不影响提单的性质；但是，提单应当符合本法第四十四条第七项的规定。 |
| Article 75 Where the carrier has issued, on demand of the consignor, a received-for-shipment bill of lading or other similar documents before the goods are loaded on board, the consignor may surrender the same to the carrier as against a shipped bill of lading when the goods have been loaded on board. The carrier may also note on the received-for-shipment bill of lading with the name of the carrying ship and the date of loading, and, when so noted, the received-for-shipment bill of lading shall be deemed to constitute a shipped bill of lading. | | 第七十五条 货物装船前，承运人已经应托运人的要求签发收货待运提单或者其他单证的，货物装船完毕，托运人可以将收货待运提单或者其他单证退还承运人，换取已装船提单；承运人也可以在收货待运提单上加注承运船舶的船名和装船日期，加注后的收货待运提单视为已装船提单。 |
| Article 76 Where the bill of lading contains particulars concerning the description, mark, number of packages or pieces, weight or volume of the goods with respect to which the carrier or the other person issuing the bill of lading on his behalf knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect that such particulars do not accurately represent the goods actually received, or, if the shipped bill of lading is issued, the loaded goods, or if he has had no reasonable means of checking, the carrier or such other person may make notes in the bill of lading specifying those inaccuracies, the grounds for suspicion, or the lack of reasonable means of checking. | | 第七十六条 承运人或者代其签发提单的人知道或者有合理的根据怀疑提单记载的货物的品名、标志、包数或者件数、重量或者体积与实际接收的货物不符，在签发已装船提单的情况下怀疑与已装船的货物不符，或者没有适当的方法核对提单记载的，可以在提单上批注，说明不符之处、怀疑的根据或者说明无法核对。 |
| Article 77 Where the carrier or the other person issuing the bill of lading on behalf thereof does not make notes in the bill of lading regarding the apparent conditions of the goods, the goods shall be deemed to be in good apparent conditions. | | 第七十七条 承运人或者代其签发提单的人未在提单上批注货物表面状况的，视为货物的表面状况良好。 |
| Article 78 Except for the notes made in accordance with the provisions of Article 76 of this Law, the bill of lading issued by the carrier or the other person acting on behalf thereof is prima facie evidence of the taking over or loading by the carrier of the goods as described therein. Evidence presented by the carrier to a bona fide third party, including the consignee, that the condition of the goods differs from that stated in the bill of lading shall not be admitted. | | 第七十八条 除依据本法第七十六条的规定作出批注外，承运人或者代其签发提单的人签发的提单，是承运人已经按照提单所载状况收到货物或者货物已经装船的初步证据；承运人向包括收货人在内的善意第三人提出的货物状况与提单记载不同的证据，不予承认。 |
| Article 79 The relationship of rights and obligations of the carrier and the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading shall be determined according to the bill of lading. If no bill of lading has been issued, the relationship of rights and obligations between the carrier and the consignee shall be governed by the relevant provisions of this Chapter. | | 第七十九条 承运人与收货人、提单持有人之间的权利义务关系，按照提单确定。未签发提单的，承运人与收货人之间的权利义务关系适用本章有关规定。 |
| Neither the consignee nor the holder of the bill of lading shall be liable for the demurrage, dead freight, and other expenses in respect of loading that occurred at the port of loading, unless it is specified in the bill of lading that the aforesaid expenses shall be borne by the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading. | | 收货人、提单持有人不承担在装货港发生的滞期费、亏舱费和其他与装货有关的费用，但是提单中明确载明上述费用由收货人、提单持有人承担的除外。 |
| Article 80 A straight bill of lading is not negotiable. | | 第八十条 记名提单不得转让。 |
| An order bill of lading is negotiable with endorsement to order or endorsement in blank. | | 指示提单经过记名背书或者空白背书转让。 |
| A bearer bill of lading is negotiable without endorsement. | | 不记名提单无需背书即可转让。 |
| Article 81 Where a carrier has issued a document other than a bill of lading as an evidence of the receipt of the goods to be carried, such a document is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over by the carrier of the goods as described therein. | | 第八十一条 承运人签发提单以外的单证用以证明收到待运货物的，此项单证即为订立海上货物运输合同和承运人接收该单证中所列货物的初步证据。 |
| Such type of documents issued by the carrier shall not be negotiable. | | 承运人签发的此类单证不得转让。 |
| Section 5 Electronic Transport Records | | 第五节 电子运输记录 |
| Article 82 Electronic transport records means the information issued by the carrier in the form of electronic communication under a contract of carriage of goods by sea, proving the contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, including negotiable electronic transport records and non-negotiable electronic transport records. | | 第八十二条 电子运输记录，是指承运人根据海上货物运输合同，以电子通信方式发出，证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船的信息，包括可转让电子运输记录和不可转让电子运输记录。 |
| Electronic transport records that satisfy the criteria prescribed by laws and administrative regulations shall have equal effect as transport documents. The legal effect of electronic transport records shall not be denied merely on the ground that they are in electronic form. | | 符合法律、行政法规规定条件的电子运输记录与运输单证具有同等效力。电子运输记录不得仅因采取电子形式而否定其法律效力。 |
| The provisions of this Law on transport documents shall apply to electronic transport records. | | 本法有关运输单证的规定适用于电子运输记录。 |
| Article 83 Electronic transport records may be issued or used if the carrier and the consignor reach a consensus. | | 第八十三条 承运人和托运人协商一致，可以签发、使用电子运输记录。 |
| Article 84 Electronic transport records shall comply with the following requirements: | | 第八十四条 电子运输记录应当符合下列要求： |
| (1) The information recorded shall include the relevant content specified in Article 74 of this Law and shall be available for retrieval and reference. | | （一）记录信息包含本法第七十四条相关内容，并可供调取查用； |
| (2) The recorded information is complete and accurate. | | （二）记录信息内容完整、准确； |
| (3) The issuer can be identified. | | （三）签发人能够被识别； |
| (4) The holder is able to prove the identity thereof. | | （四）持有人能够证明其身份。 |
| Article 85 In addition to conforming to the provisions of Article 84 of this Law, negotiable electronic transport records shall also include negotiable information and transfer procedures. | | 第八十五条 可转让电子运输记录除符合本法第八十四条规定外，还应当包括可转让性信息和转让程序。 |
| Negotiable electronic transport records shall be implemented by reliable methods or through a reliable transaction system to ensure their singularity and integrity and to safeguard the exclusive control of their holder over them. | | 可转让电子运输记录应当采取可靠的方法或者通过可靠的交易系统，确保记录的单一性和完整性，保障持有人对记录的排他性控制。 |
| Methods for the transfer and exclusive control of negotiable electronic transport records, methods for converting the form of records, and standards for determining reliable methods or trading systems, among others, shall be separately developed by the national cyberspace administration in conjunction with the transport department of the State Council. | | 可转让电子运输记录的转让和排他性控制、记录形式的转换方式、可靠方法或者交易系统的认定标准等，由国家网信部门会同国务院交通运输主管部门另行制定。 |
| Article 86 Electronic transport records and transport documents may be converted from one to another subject to the agreement of the carrier, the consignor, and the holder of transport documents. | | 第八十六条 经承运人和托运人、运输单证持有人协商一致，电子运输记录与运输单证之间可以互相转换。 |
| If electronic transport records and transport documents are converted from one to another, the explanatory information for such conversion shall be specified to ensure that the content recorded is consistent with each other after such conversion. The conversion of the form of a document shall not change the rights and obligations of the parties. | | 电子运输记录与运输单证互相转换，应当注明转换的说明信息，保证记载内容转换前后一致。单证形式的转换不改变当事人的权利义务。 |
| Upon the completion of the conversion between electronic transport records and transport documents, the original transport documents or electronic transport records shall immediately become null and void. | | 电子运输记录与运输单证完成转换后，原运输单证或者电子运输记录随即失效。 |
| Section 6 Delivery of Goods | | 第六节 货物交付 |
| Article 87 A carrier's delivery of the goods shall be governed by the following provisions: | | 第八十七条 承运人交付货物，按照下列规定执行： |
| (1) If a straight bill of lading is issued, the carrier shall deliver goods to the named consignee based on the bill of lading. | | （一）签发记名提单的，凭提单向记名收货人交付； |
| (2) If an order bill of lading is issued, the carrier shall deliver goods to the endorsed transferee of the bill of lading based on the bill of lading. | | （二）签发指示提单的，凭提单向被背书的提单受让人交付； |
| (3) If a bearer bill of lading or an order bill of lading, endorsed in blank, is issued, the carrier shall deliver goods to the holder of the bill of lading based on the bill of lading. | | （三）签发不记名提单或者签发指示提单经空白背书的，凭提单向提单持有人交付； |
| (4) If negotiable electronic transport records are issued, the carrier shall deliver goods to the holder of electronic transport records. | | （四）签发可转让电子运输记录的，向电子运输记录的持有人交付； |
| (5) In other circumstances, the goods shall be delivered to the consignee based on the identification of the consignee. | | （五）其他情形，凭收货人的身份证明向收货人交付。 |
| Article 88 When the carrier delivers goods to the consignee, the consignee shall notify the carrier in writing of the loss of or damage to the goods. Otherwise, such delivery shall be deemed to be prima facie evidence of the delivery of the goods by the carrier as described in the transport documents and of the apparent good order and condition of such goods. | | 第八十八条 承运人向收货人交付货物时，收货人应当将货物灭失或者损坏的情况书面通知承运人；未通知的，此项交付视为承运人已经按照运输单证的记载交付以及货物状况良好的初步证据。 |
| If the loss of or damage to the goods is not apparent, the consignee shall notify the carrier in writing within seven consecutive days from the next day of the delivery of non-containerized goods or within 15 consecutive days from the next day of the delivery of containerized goods; otherwise, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply. | | 货物灭失或者损坏的情况非显而易见的，收货人应当在非集装箱货物交付的次日起连续七日内或者集装箱货物交付的次日起连续十五日内，向承运人提交书面通知；未提交的，适用前款规定。 |
| The written notice on the loss or damage need not be given if the state of the goods has, at the time of delivery, been the subject of a joint survey or inspection by the carrier and the consignee. | | 货物交付时，收货人已经与承运人对货物进行联合检查或者检验的，无需就所查明的灭失或者损坏的情况提交书面通知。 |
| Article 89 The carrier shall not be liable for compensation if no written notice on economic losses resulting from delay in the delivery of goods has been received from the consignee within 60 consecutive days from the next day of the delivery of goods by the carrier to the consignee. | | 第八十九条 承运人自向收货人交付货物的次日起连续六十日内，未收到收货人就货物因迟延交付造成经济损失而提交的书面通知的，不承担赔偿责任。 |
| Article 90 The consignee may, before taking delivery of goods at the port of destination, or the carrier may, before delivering goods at the port of destination, request an inspection institution to inspect the condition of the goods. The party requesting the inspection shall pay the inspection fee but is entitled to recover the same from the party causing the damage. | | 第九十条 收货人在目的港提取货物前或者承运人在目的港交付货物前，可以要求检验机构对货物状况进行检验；要求检验的一方应当支付检验费用，但是有权向造成货物损失的责任方追偿。 |
| Article 91 The carrier and the consignee shall provide each other with reasonable facilities for the survey and inspection specified in Articles 88 and 90 of this Law. | | 第九十一条 承运人和收货人对本法第八十八条和第九十条规定的检验，应当相互提供合理的便利条件。 |
| Article 92 Where the goods are delivered by the actual carrier, the written notice given by the consignee to the actual carrier in accordance with Article 88 of this Law shall have the same effect as the written notice given to the carrier, and the written notice given to the carrier shall have the same effect as that given to the actual carrier. | | 第九十二条 货物由实际承运人交付的，收货人依据本法第八十八条的规定向实际承运人提交的书面通知，与向承运人提交书面通知具有同等效力；向承运人提交的书面通知，与向实际承运人提交书面通知具有同等效力。 |
| Article 93 Where no one takes delivery of the goods at the port of discharge, the master may unload the goods in a warehouse or any other appropriate place, and any expenses or risks arising therefrom shall be borne by the consignor, but the consignor shall be notified in a timely manner. | | 第九十三条 在卸货港无人提取货物的，船长可以将货物卸在仓库或者其他适当场所，由此产生的费用和风险由托运人承担，但是应当及时通知托运人。 |
| If the consignee has exercised the rights thereof under the contract of carriage of goods by sea but delays or refuses to take delivery of the goods, the master may dispose of the goods in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the expenses and risks arising therefrom shall be borne by the consignee. | | 收货人已经行使海上货物运输合同权利但是迟延、拒绝提取货物的，船长可以按照前款规定处理货物，由此产生的费用和风险由收货人承担。 |
| Article 94 Where the freight, contribution in general average, and demurrage to be paid to the carrier and other necessary charges paid by the carrier on behalf of the owner of the goods as well as other charges to be paid to the carrier have not been paid in full, and nor has appropriate security been provided, the carrier may take a lien on the corresponding goods. | | 第九十四条 应当向承运人支付的运费、共同海损分摊、滞期费和承运人为货物垫付的必要费用以及应当向承运人支付的其他费用没有付清，又没有提供适当担保的，承运人可以留置相应的货物。 |
| If the transport documents indicate the freight prepaid or a statement of a similar nature, the carrier may not take a lien on the goods on the ground of non-payment of the freight, unless the consignee is the consignor. | | 运输单证载明运费预付或者类似性质声明的，承运人不得以运费未支付为由留置货物，但是收货人为托运人的除外。 |
| Article 95 Where the goods under lien in accordance with the provisions of Article 94 of this Law have not been taken delivery of within 60 days from the next day of the ship's arrival at the port of discharge, the carrier may apply to the court for selling the goods by auction. If the goods are perishable or the sum of the expenses for the storage of such goods and charges payable to the carrier may exceed the value of the goods, the carrier may apply for an earlier auction. | | 第九十五条 承运人依据本法第九十四条规定留置的货物，自船舶抵达卸货港的次日起满六十日无人提取的，承运人可以申请法院拍卖；货物易腐烂变质或者货物的保管费用加上应当向承运人支付的费用可能超过货物价值的，承运人可以申请提前拍卖。 |
| The proceeds from the auction shall be used to pay off the expenses for the storage and auction of the goods, the freight, and other related charges to be paid to the carrier. If the proceeds fall short of such expenses, the carrier is entitled to claim the difference from the consignor, whereas any amount in surplus shall be refunded to the consignor. If there is no way to make the refund and such surplus amount has not been claimed within one year from the date of auction, it shall belong to the state. | | 拍卖所得价款，用于清偿保管、拍卖货物的费用和运费以及应当向承运人支付的其他有关费用；不足的金额，承运人有权向托运人追偿；剩余的金额，退还托运人；无法退还、自拍卖之日起满一年又无人领取的，归国家所有。 |
| Section 7 Modification and Rescission of Contracts | | 第七节 合同的变更和解除 |
| Article 96 During the period in which the carrier is in charge of the goods, the consignor may notify the carrier in writing to suspend the carriage, return the goods, change the port of discharge, or deliver the goods to another consignee, but it shall compensate the carrier for any loss suffered by it. | | 第九十六条 在承运人责任期间内，托运人可以书面通知承运人中止运输、返还货物、变更卸货港或者将货物交给其他收货人，但是应当赔偿承运人因此遭受的损失。 |
| The carrier may refuse the request of the consignor but shall immediately notify the consignor under any of the following circumstances: | | 有下列情形之一的，承运人可以拒绝托运人的要求，但是应当立即通知托运人： |
| (1) The carrier is unable to satisfy the requirements of the consignor due to objective conditions or satisfaction of such requirements will affect the normal operation of the carrier. | | （一）承运人因客观条件无法满足托运人的要求，或者满足此种要求将影响承运人正常营运； |
| (2) The carrier anticipates that additional expenses will be incurred or it will suffer economic losses to satisfy the consignor's requirements, and the consignor does not provide corresponding security upon the request thereof. | | （二）承运人预计满足托运人的要求将产生额外费用或者使承运人遭受经济损失，要求托运人提供相应担保，托运人未提供担保； |
| (3) The consignor fails to produce the issued transport documents as required by the carrier. | | （三）托运人未按照承运人的要求出示已签发的运输单证。 |
| Article 97 The consignor may request the rescission of the contract of carriage of goods by sea before the ship sails from the port of loading. However, except as otherwise agreed upon in the contract, the consignor shall pay half of the agreed amount of freight to the carrier; and if the goods have been loaded on board, the consignor shall bear the expenses for the loading and discharge and other related charges. | | 第九十七条 船舶在装货港开航前，托运人可以要求解除合同。但是，除合同另有约定外，托运人应当向承运人支付约定运费的一半；货物已经装船的，并应当负担装货、卸货和其他与此有关的费用。 |
| Article 98 Either the carrier or the consignor may request the rescission of the contract and neither shall be liable to compensation to each other if, due to force majeure or any other cause not attributable to the carrier or the consignor, the contract could not be performed before the ship sails from its port of loading. Except as otherwise agreed upon in the contract, if the freight has been paid, it shall be refunded by the carrier to the consignor, and if the goods have been loaded on board, the loading and discharge expenses shall be borne by the consignor. If transport documents have been issued, they shall be returned by the consignor to the carrier. | | 第九十八条 船舶在装货港开航前，因不可抗力或者其他不能归责于承运人和托运人的原因致使合同不能履行的，双方均可以解除合同，并互相不承担赔偿责任。除合同另有约定外，运费已经支付的，承运人应当将运费退还给托运人；货物已经装船的，托运人应当承担装卸费用；已经签发运输单证的，托运人应当将运输单证退还承运人。 |
| Article 99 Where a ship is unable to discharge its goods at the port of destination as agreed upon in the contract of carriage due to force majeure or any other cause not attributable to the carrier or the consignor, the master shall be entitled to discharge the goods at a safe port or place near the port of destination and the contract of carriage shall be deemed to have been fulfilled, except as otherwise agreed upon in the contract. | | 第九十九条 因不可抗力或者其他不能归责于承运人和托运人的原因致使船舶不能在合同约定的目的港卸货的，除合同另有约定外，船长有权将货物在目的港邻近的安全港口或者地点卸载，视为已经履行合同。 |
| If the master decides to discharge the goods, the master shall notify the consignor or the consignee in a timely manner and shall take into account the interests of the consignor or the consignee. | | 船长决定将货物卸载的，应当及时通知托运人或者收货人，并考虑托运人或者收货人的利益。 |
| Section 8 Special Provisions on Multimodal Transport Contracts | | 第八节 多式联运合同的特别规定 |
| Article 100 A multimodal transport contract as referred to in this Law means a contract under which the multimodal transport operator undertakes to transport the goods, against the payment of freight for the entire transport, from the place where the goods are received to the destination and to deliver them to the consignee by two or more different modes of transport, including sea carriage. | | 第一百条 本法所称多式联运合同，是指多式联运经营人以包括海上运输方式在内的两种以上的不同运输方式，负责将货物从接收地运至目的地交付收货人，并收取全程运费的合同。 |
| The multimodal transport operator as referred to in the preceding paragraph means a person who enters into a multimodal transport contract with the consignor either by himself or by another person acting on his behalf. | | 前款所称多式联运经营人，是指本人或者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立多式联运合同的人。 |
| Article 101 The responsibilities of a multimodal transport operator with respect to the goods under the multimodal transport contract cover the period from the time he takes the goods in his charge to the time of their delivery. | | 第一百零一条 多式联运经营人对多式联运货物的责任期间，自接收货物时起至交付货物时止。 |
| Article 102 A multimodal transport operator shall be responsible for performing or arranging for the performance of the multimodal transportation contract and shall be responsible for the entire carriage. | | 第一百零二条 多式联运经营人负责履行或者组织履行多式联运合同，并对全程运输负责。 |
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