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Guilding Case No. 223 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate: Appeal Case by the People's Procuratorate of Dispute over Private Lending ([REDACTED] Rural Commercial Bank Company v. Zhang [REDACTED]ze, Cao [REDACTED]huan, and Xing [REDACTED]mei)
检例第223号:某农村商业银行公司与张某帻、曹某环、邢某梅民间借贷纠纷抗诉案
【法宝引证码】
  • Legal document: Judgment
  • Judgment date: 11-16-2023
  • Procedural status: Retrial
 
  
Guilding Case No. 223 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate: Appeal Case by the People's Procuratorate of Dispute over Private Lending ([REDACTED] Rural Commercial Bank Company v. Zhang [REDACTED]ze, Cao [REDACTED]huan, and Xing [REDACTED]mei) 检例第223号:某农村商业银行公司与张某帻、曹某环、邢某梅民间借贷纠纷抗诉案
(SPP Case No. 223) 检例第223号
[Keywords] 【关键词】
Supervision over an effective civil judgment; guarantee for private lending; affixing the official seal; acting as a ultra vires representative; obligation of reasonable examination of the counterparty; liability for culpa in contrahendo 民事生效裁判监督 民间借贷担保 加盖公章 越权代表 相对人合理审查义务 缔约过失责任
[Key Points] 【要旨】
To determine the legal nature of a legal representative's act of affixing the official seal of a corporate legal person on an IOU, the true intentions of the parties shall be comprehensively judged on the basis of analyzing the specific circumstances of the official seal affixed and by taking into account factors such as the positions where the official seal are affixed as well as the nature and purpose of the contract. Where the counterparty fails to fulfill the obligation of reasonable examination regarding whether the legal representative's act of providing guarantee in the name of a corporate legal person falls within the scope of authorized representation, the counterparty shall not be deemed as a bona fide counterparty and the guarantee act is invalid. If the legal person is at fault for the invalidity of the guarantee act, it shall bear the liability for culpa in contrahendo in accordance with the law. 对法定代表人在借条上加盖企业法人公章行为法律性质的认定,应当在分析加盖公章具体情形的基础上,结合盖章位置、合同性质、目的等因素综合判断当事人真实意思表示。相对人对法定代表人以企业法人名义提供担保是否属于有权代表未尽到合理审查义务的,不属于善意相对人,该担保行为无效。法人对担保行为无效存在过错的,应依法承担缔约过失责任。
...... 【基本案情】
 2008年,时任某农村信用合作社法定代表人的邢某梅向张某帻、曹某环借款,张某帻、曹某环多次向某农村信用合作社账户转款合计1180万元。邢某梅将上述款项转至其控制的个人银行账户,并由其个人使用。邢某梅向张某帻、曹某环归还了部分借款本金及利息。
 2009年初,曹某环催促邢某梅归还欠款,邢某梅未能归还。2009年5月1日,邢某梅给曹某环出具借条:“今借到曹某环现金950万元整,月息1%”,张某帻要求邢某梅在借条上加盖公章,邢某梅遂加盖“某乡信用合作社”公章。“某乡信用合作社”公章一处加盖在“今借到曹某环现金950万元整”上,另一处加盖在“由信用社担保”及邢某梅签名上。经查,“某乡信用合作社”公章是某农村信用合作社已作废公章,一直由邢某梅保管。
 2009年5月8日,邢某梅被免去某农村信用合作社主任职务。
 2012年,根据中国银监会某监管局批复,某农村商业银行公司承接某农村信用合作社债权债务。
 2018年5月16日,张某帻、曹某环起诉至太原市中级人民法院(以下简称一审法院),请求判令某农村商业银行公司偿还借款本金950万元及利息。诉讼中,一审法院根据某农村商业银行公司申请,追加邢某梅为被告。一审法院认为,张某帻、曹某环的钱款汇入某农村信用合作社账户,时任该社法定代表人的邢某梅出具借条,并实际占有、控制、使用该款项,邢某梅应承担还款责任。根据中国银监会某监管局批复,某农村商业银行公司承接某农村信用合作社债权债务,应对某农村信用合作社经营期间的债务承担相应责任。据此,判决如下:一、邢某梅偿还张某帻、曹某环借款本金798.6万元及相应利息;二、某农村商业银行公司对上述款项承担连带责任,并在承担责任后可向邢某梅追偿。
 一审判决后,张某帻、曹某环和某农村商业银行公司、邢某梅均不服,向山西省高级人民法院(以下简称二审法院)提起上诉。二审法院经审理,对案涉借款本金数额进行重新审查,认定邢某梅应归还张某帻、曹某环借款本金806.4万元。二审法院认为,邢某梅作为借款人,实际收到并使用该款项,应当承担还本付息义务。某农村商业银行公司作为某农村信用合作社的承继者,在法定代表人个人借款中出借账户,公章作废超过九年后未及时销毁,应当对张某帻、曹某环出借给邢某梅的借款不能归还承担相应的责任。据此,判决如下:一、邢某梅偿还张某帻、曹某环本金806.4万元及相应利息;二、某农村商业银行公司对上述款项承担连带责任,并在承担责任后可向邢某梅追偿。
 二审判决后,某农村商业银行公司不服,向最高人民法院申请再审。最高人民法院裁定指令山西省高级人民法院再审本案。山西省高级人民法院再审认为,邢某梅与张某帻、曹某环之间形成事实上的民间借贷关系。某农村商业银行公司没有按照金融业管理规定,对其账户进行严格管理,客观上造成在邢某梅与张某帻、曹某环民间借贷关系中出借账户的事实,某农村商业银行公司应当对其出借账户的行为承担相应责任。同时,某农村商业银行公司对公章管理不善,应当对张某帻、曹某环出借给邢某梅的借款不能归还承担连带责任。据此,维持二审判决。
 ......



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