Guilding Case No. 225 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate: Appeal Case by the People's Procuratorate of Dispute over a Gift Contract (Feng [REDACTED]hui v. Li [REDACTED]) | | 检例第225号:冯某慧与李某赠与合同纠纷抗诉案 |
(SPP Case No. 225) | | 检例第225号 |
[Keywords] | | 【关键词】 |
Supervision over an effective civil judgment; community property ; violation of public order and good morals; invalidity of gift; return of all the property | | 民事生效裁判监督 夫妻共同财产 违背公序良俗 赠与无效 返还全部财产 |
[Key Points] | | 【要旨】 |
Where, during the marriage, one spouse violates fidelity and gives gifts to the third party in an extramarital affair from the couple's community property due to an extramarital affair, such gift violates public order and good morals and shall be determined as invalid in accordance with the law. The no-fault party shall be entitled to recover all the gifted property from the recipient. In a case where the no-fault party files a lawsuit against the third party in an extramarital affair for the return of the gifted property, where neither spouse raises a claim for division of the community property and the people's court directly divides the couple's community property and decides that the recipient shall return partial gifted property, it is erroneous application of law and the people's procuratorate shall conduct supervision in accordance with the law. | | 婚姻关系存续期间,夫妻一方违反忠实义务,因婚外情擅自将夫妻共同财产赠与婚外第三者的,该赠与行为违背公序良俗,依法应当认定无效。无过错一方有权向受赠人追回全部赠与财产。在无过错方起诉婚外第三者返还财产案件中,夫妻双方均未提出分割共同财产请求,人民法院径行分割夫妻共同财产并判决受赠人返还部分赠与财产的,属于适用法律确有错误,人民检察院应当依法监督。 |
[Basic Facts] | | 【基本案情】 |
He [REDACTED]rong and Feng [REDACTED]hui are husband and wife and they have a son and a daughter. Since August 2017, Li [REDACTED] has been engaged in management work in a foot spa establishment in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province. He [REDACTED]rong got acquainted with Li [REDACTED] as he often went to the foot spa establishment and they had an extramarital affair. From August 2017 to September 2019, He [REDACTED]rong made 14 transfers in a total amount of 201,900 yuan to Li [REDACTED] via his Agricultural Bank of China card; and from August 2017 to November 2019, He [REDACTED]rong made 278 transfers in a total amount of 177,500 yuan to Li [REDACTED] via his WeChat account. The aforesaid bank transfers and transfers via WeChat amounted to 379,400 yuan, in which the WeChat transfers included some amounts with special meanings, including 1,314 yuan and 520 yuan. From August 2017 to October 2019, Li [REDACTED] made transfers in a total amount of 91,300 yuan to He [REDACTED]rong via her WeChat account and paid 56,400 yuan for foot spa services on behalf of He [REDACTED]rong. The aforesaid transfers and payment for foot spa services amounted to 147,700 yuan in total. | | 何某荣与冯某慧系夫妻,二人育有一子一女。2017年8月起,李某在广东省东莞市沐足场所从事管理工作。何某荣因常在沐足场所消费与李某相识,与李某产生婚外情。2017年8月至2019年9月,何某荣通过其持有的中国农业银行卡账户向李某转账14笔共20.19万元;2017年8月至2019年11月,何某荣通过其微信向李某转款278笔共17.75万元。上述银行转账和微信转款两项合计37.94万元,其中微信转款包含伴有特殊含义的金额,如1314元、520元等。2017年8月至2019年10月,李某通过其微信向何某荣转账共计9.13万元,代何某荣支付沐足消费款5.64万元,两项合计14.77万元。 |
...... | | 2020年1月,冯某慧以何某荣赠与李某财产的行为侵害其财产权益为由,以李某为被告、何某荣为第三人向四川省宣汉县人民法院(以下简称一审法院)提出诉讼,请求确认何某荣在婚姻关系存续期间赠与李某财产的行为无效,要求李某返还赠与财产及相应利息。一审法院认为,何某荣先后以微信转款或银行转账方式向李某所转款项是其与冯某慧的夫妻共同财产。何某荣与李某通过沐足消费认识后发生婚外情,违背公序良俗,应当受到道德谴责。但何某荣与李某之间有相互转款行为,冯某慧提供的证据难以区分正常往来资金和不法赠与金额。据此,判决驳回冯某慧的诉讼请求。 |
| | 一审判决后,冯某慧、李某均不服,向达州市中级人民法院(以下简称二审法院)提起上诉。冯某慧上诉请求改判支持其一审诉讼请求;李某上诉请求纠正一审判决认定其与何某荣存在不正当男女关系的部分事实,何某荣向其转账不属于赠与,是双方正常合作关系和经济往来,但请求维持一审判决结果。二审法院认为,李某虽辩解何某荣向其转款行为系基于双方存在投资合作关系的经济往来,但未提供相关证据予以证实。何某荣违背夫妻忠实义务,向李某转款37.94万元,其财产处分行为未得到冯某慧追认,赠与行为无效。赠与款项中有50%份额属于冯某慧,何某荣系无权处分。何某荣向李某赠与金额37.94万元,在扣减李某向何某荣转款金额14.77万元后,余下23.17万元,其中50%份额属于冯某慧所有,李某应予以返还。据此,撤销一审判决,判令李某返还冯某慧11.59万元并支付利息。 |
| | 二审判决后,冯某慧不服,向四川省高级人民法院申请再审被驳回。 |
| | 【检察机关履职过程】 |
| | 受理及审查情况。冯某慧不服生效判决,向达州市人民检察院申请监督。达州市人民检察院经审查认为,本案赠与行为无效,应当返还全部赠与财产,据此提请四川省人民检察院抗诉。 |
| | 监督意见。2022年5月23日,四川省人民检察院向四川省高级人民法院提出抗诉。四川省人民检察院抗诉认为,首先,何某荣在与冯某慧夫妻关系存续期间,违背夫妻相互忠实义务,基于其与李某之间的不正当男女关系,擅自将夫妻共同财产赠与李某,数百次转款累计金额达37.94万元,有悖公序良俗。根据当时有效的《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百五十三条第二款“违背公序良俗的民事法律行为无效”之规定,何某荣对李某的赠与行为应认定为无效,法律后果应为返还全部财产。二审判决部分返还,相当于认可违背公序良俗的赠与行为,损害夫妻中非过错一方的财产权益,也无异于为违反夫妻忠诚义务的一方通过赠与婚外第三者款项方式转移夫妻共同财产提供可乘之机,不利于倡导夫妻之间相互忠诚的价值取向,属于适用法律确有错误。其次,二审判决部分返还赠与财产,径行分割夫妻共同财产,超越当事人诉讼请求。在夫妻未明确选择其他财产制的情形下,夫妻共同财产系共同所有,是不可分割的整体。在婚姻关系存续期间,夫或妻非因日常生活需要处分夫妻共同财产时,依据当时有效的《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(一)》第十七条规定,应当协商一致,不能单独处分。同时,本案涉及多笔转账,累计数额达37万余元,不属于家庭日常生活所需支出。何某荣对此款项进行处分,属于对夫妻共同财产作出重要处分,已超出一般家事代理范围。在冯某慧、何某荣夫妻二人未对赠与款项进行协商处分的情况下,二审判决对无效赠与财产径行分割,缺乏事实和法律依据。 |
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