| Guiding Case No. 113 of the Supreme People's Court: Michael Jeffrey Jordan v. Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and Qiaodan Sports Co., Ltd. (Administrative dispute over a trademark) | | 指导案例113号：迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹与国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会、乔丹体育股份有限公司“乔丹”商标争议行政纠纷案 |
| (Issued on December 24, 2019, as deliberated and adopted by the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court) | | （最高人民法院审判委员会讨论通过 2019年12月24日发布） |
| Guiding Case No. 113 | | 指导案例113号 |
| Keywords: | | 【关键词】 |
| administrative, trademark dispute, personal name rights, good faith | | 行政/商标争议/姓名权/诚实信用 |
| Key Points of Judgment | | 【裁判要点】 |
| 1. Personal name rights are personality rights of a natural person in his or her personal name, and may constitute the prior rights under the Trademark Law. Where the Chinese translation of the personal name of a foreign natural person meets the prescribed conditions, the foreign natural person may claim protection of the Chinese translation as a specific name in accordance with the relevant provisions on personal name rights. | | 1.姓名权是自然人对其姓名享有的人身权，姓名权可以构成商标法规定的在先权利。外国自然人外文姓名的中文译名符合条件的，可以依法主张作为特定名称按照姓名权的有关规定予以保护。 |
| 2. Where a foreign natural person claims personal name rights protection in respect of a specific name, the specific name should meet the following three conditions: (a) the specific name has a certain level of popularity in China and is known to the relevant public; (b) the relevant public uses the specific name to refer to the natural person; and (c) a stable correlation has been established between the natural person and the specific name. | | 2.外国自然人就特定名称主张姓名权保护的，该特定名称应当符合以下三项条件：（1）该特定名称在我国具有一定的知名度，为相关公众所知悉；（2）相关公众使用该特定名称指代该自然人；（3）该特定名称已经与该自然人之间建立了稳定的对应关系。 |
| 3. “Use” is one of the components of the personal name rights of a natural person, but is not a legal prerequisite for the natural person to claim protection of his or her personal name rights. A specific name is protected by law based on personal name rights, and even if a natural person does not proactively use it, it does not affect his or her claim in accordance with the provisions of the Trademark Law on prior rights. | | 3.使用是姓名权人享有的权利内容之一，并非姓名权人主张保护其姓名权的法定前提条件。特定名称按照姓名权受法律保护的，即使自然人并未主动使用，也不影响姓名权人按照商标法关于在先权利的规定主张权利。 |
| 4. Where a “trademark holder” that, in violation of the principle of good faith, maliciously applied for trademark registration to infringe upon the existing prior rights of others claims that the registered trademark is legal and valid on the grounds that its promotion and use of, winning of awards for, and protection of the trademark and other efforts have formed a “market order” or “commercial success,” the people's court should not uphold such claim. | | 4.违反诚实信用原则，恶意申请注册商标，侵犯他人现有在先权利的“商标权人”，以该商标的宣传、使用、获奖、被保护等情况形成了“市场秩序”或者“商业成功”为由，主张该注册商标合法有效的，人民法院不予支持。 |
| Legal Provisions | | 【相关法条】 |
| 1. Article 32 of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China (2013 Amendment) (Article 31 of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China (2001 Amendment) as applied in this case) | | 1．《中华人民共和国商标法》（2013年修正）第32条（本案适用的是2001年修正的《中华人民共和国商标法》第31条） |
| 2. Article 4 and paragraph 1 of Article 99 of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China | | 2．《中华人民共和国民法通则》第4条、第99条第1款 |
| 3. Articles 7 and 110 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China | | 3.《中华人民共和国民法总则》第7条、第110条 |
| 4. Paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Tort Law of the People's Republic of China | | 4.《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》第2条第2款 |
| Basic Facts | | 【基本案情】 |
| The trademark administrative dispute case of Michael Jeffrey Jordan (retrial petitioner, hereinafter referred to as “Michael Jordan”) v. Trademark Review and Adjudication Board of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce (respondent, hereinafter referred to as the “TRAB”) and Qiaodan Sports Co., Ltd. (a third party in the original trial, hereinafter referred to as “Qiaodan Company”) involved the trademark of “乔丹” (No. 6020569) of Qiaodan Company, as approved for use on sports equipment, swimming pools (for recreation), roller skates, and Christmas tree decorations (excluding lighting and sweets) under class 28 of the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (hereinafter referred to as the “Nice Classification”). The retrial petitioner alleged that the trademark contained the Chinese translation, “乔丹,” of his English personal name, which infringed upon the existing prior rights of others under Article 31 of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China (2001 Amendment) (hereinafter referred to as the “Trademark Law”), and therefore, requested the TRAB to revoke the disputed trademark. | | 再审申请人迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹（以下简称迈克尔·乔丹）与被申请人国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会（以下简称商标评审委员会）、一审第三人乔丹体育股份有限公司（以下简称乔丹公司）商标争议行政纠纷案中，涉及乔丹公司的第6020569号“乔丹”商标（即涉案商标），核定使用在国际分类第28类的体育活动器械、游泳池（娱乐用）、旱冰鞋、圣诞树装饰品（灯饰和糖果除外）。再审申请人主张该商标含有其英文姓名的中文译名“乔丹”，属于2001年修正的商标法第三十一条规定的“损害他人现有的在先权利”的情形，故向商标评审委员会提出撤销申请。 |
| ．．．．．． | | 商标评审委员会认为，涉案商标“乔丹”与“Michael Jordan”及其中文译名“迈克尔·乔丹”存在一定区别，并且“乔丹”为英美普通姓氏，难以认定这一姓氏与迈克尔·乔丹之间存在当然的对应关系，故裁定维持涉案商标。再审申请人不服，向北京市第一中级人民法院提起行政诉讼。 |
| | 【裁判结果】 |
| | 北京市第一中级人民法院于2015年4月1日作出（2014）一中行（知）初字第9163号行政判决，驳回迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹的诉讼请求。迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹不服一审判决，提起上诉。北京市高级人民法院于2015年8月17日作出（2015）高行（知）终字第1915号行政判决，驳回迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹上诉，维持原判。迈克尔·杰弗里·乔丹仍不服，向最高人民法院申请再审。最高人民法院提审后，于2016年12月7日作出（2016）最高法行再27号行政判决：一、撤销北京市第一中级人民法院(2014)一中行(知)初字第9163号行政判决；二、撤销北京市高级人民法院（2015）高行（知）终字第1915号行政判决；三、撤销国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会商评字〔2014〕第052058号关于第6020569号“乔丹”商标争议裁定；四、国家工商行政管理总局商标评审委员会对第6020569号“乔丹”商标重新作出裁定。 |
| | 【裁判理由】 |
| | 最高人民法院认为，本案争议焦点为争议商标的注册是否损害了再审申请人就“乔丹”主张的姓名权，违反2001年修正的商标法第三十一条关于“申请商标注册不得损害他人现有的在先权利”的规定。判决主要认定如下： |
| | ．．．．．． |
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