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Interpretation (I) of the Supreme People's Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases [Effective]
最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释(一) [现行有效]
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Announcement of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China 

中华人民共和国最高人民法院公告

The Interpretation (I) of the Supreme People's Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases, as adopted at the 1,825th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on December 25, 2020, is hereby issued, and shall come into force on January 1, 2021. 《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释(一)》已于2020年12月25日由最高人民法院审判委员会第1825次会议通过,现予公布,自2021年1月1日起施行。
Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院
December 29, 2020 2020年12月29日
Interpretation (I) of the Supreme People's Court of Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Labor Dispute Cases 最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释(一)
(Adopted at the 1,825th session of the Judicial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on December 25, 2020, effective on January 1, 2021, No. 26 [2020] of the Supreme People's Court) (2020年12月25日最高人民法院审判委员会第1825次会议通过,自2021年1月1日起施行 法释〔2020〕26号)
For the purposes of correctly trying labor dispute cases, this Interpretation is formulated according to the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, the Labor Law of the People's Republic of China, the Labor Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China ("Mediation and Arbitration Law"), the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, and other relevant laws, in light of trial practice. 为正确审理劳动争议案件,根据《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国劳动法》《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》《中华人民共和国劳动争议调解仲裁法》《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》等相关法律规定,结合审判实践,制定本解释。
Article 1 Any of the following disputes arising between a worker and his or her employer shall be a labor dispute. If either party that is dissatisfied with the award made by a labor dispute arbitration institution brings an action in accordance with the law, the people's court shall accept the case:   第一条 劳动者与用人单位之间发生的下列纠纷,属于劳动争议,当事人不服劳动争议仲裁机构作出的裁决,依法提起诉讼的,人民法院应予受理:
(1) A dispute arising between a worker and his or her employer during the process of performing the labor contract. (一)劳动者与用人单位在履行劳动合同过程中发生的纠纷;
(2) A dispute arising after a worker and his or her employer have formed a labor relation without concluding a written labor contract. (二)劳动者与用人单位之间没有订立书面劳动合同,但已形成劳动关系后发生的纠纷;
(3) A dispute arising from whether the relationship between a worker and his or her employer has been rescinded or terminated, or whether economic compensation is payable for the recession or termination of the labor relation. (三)劳动者与用人单位因劳动关系是否已经解除或者终止,以及应否支付解除或者终止劳动关系经济补偿金发生的纠纷;
(4) A dispute arising from that a worker requests his or her employer to return the deposit, earnest money, cash deposit, or deposit in cash under the labor contract collected by the latter or to deal with the formalities for transferring personnel archives or social insurance relations of the worker, among others, after rescinding or terminating the labor contract with the employer. (四)劳动者与用人单位解除或者终止劳动关系后,请求用人单位返还其收取的劳动合同定金、保证金、抵押金、抵押物发生的纠纷,或者办理劳动者的人事档案、社会保险关系等移转手续发生的纠纷;
(5) A dispute arising from that a worker requests his or her employer to pay compensation for his or her loss on the ground that the employer fails to deal with the social insurance formalities for him or her, and the social insurance agency cannot retroactively complete such formalities, rendering the worker ineligible for social insurance benefits. (五)劳动者以用人单位未为其办理社会保险手续,且社会保险经办机构不能补办导致其无法享受社会保险待遇为由,要求用人单位赔偿损失发生的纠纷;
(6) A dispute between a retired worker and his or her former employer, which has not participated in overall social insurance plan, arising from the claim for retirement pension, medical expense, work-related injury insurance benefits, or other social insurance benefits. (六)劳动者退休后,与尚未参加社会保险统筹的原用人单位因追索养老金、医疗费、工伤保险待遇和其他社会保险待遇而发生的纠纷;
(7) A dispute arising from that a worker requests his or her employer to grant work-related injury insurance benefits in accordance with the law because of any work-related injury or occupational disease. (七)劳动者因为工伤、职业病,请求用人单位依法给予工伤保险待遇发生的纠纷;
(8) A dispute arising from that a worker requests his or her employer to pay extra compensation in accordance with Article 85 of the Labor Contract Law. (八)劳动者依据劳动合同法八十五条规定,要求用人单位支付加付赔偿金发生的纠纷;
(9) A dispute arising from the voluntary restructuring of an enterprise. (九)因企业自主进行改制发生的纠纷。
Article 2 The following disputes are not labor disputes:   第二条 下列纠纷不属于劳动争议:
(1) A dispute in which a worker requests the social insurance agency to grant social insurance benefits. (一)劳动者请求社会保险经办机构发放社会保险金的纠纷;
(2) A dispute over the transfer of public-owned houses between a worker and his or her employer due to the housing system reform. (二)劳动者与用人单位因住房制度改革产生的公有住房转让纠纷;
(3) A dispute over the objection of a worker to the injury grade appraisal conclusion of the labor capacity appraisal committee or to the occupational disease appraisal conclusion of the occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal committee. (三)劳动者对劳动能力鉴定委员会的伤残等级鉴定结论或者对职业病诊断鉴定委员会的职业病诊断鉴定结论的异议纠纷;
(4) A dispute between a family or individual and a family service provider. (四)家庭或者个人与家政服务人员之间的纠纷;
(5) A dispute between a private craftsman and a helper or apprentice. (五)个体工匠与帮工、学徒之间的纠纷;
(6) A dispute over a rural contractor and a person he or she employs. (六)农村承包经营户与受雇人之间的纠纷。
Article 3 A labor dispute case shall be under the jurisdiction of the basic people's court in the place where the employer is located or where the labor contract is performed.   第三条 劳动争议案件由用人单位所在地或者劳动合同履行地的基层人民法院管辖。
If the performance place of the labor contract is not clear, the basic people's court in the place where the employer is located shall have jurisdiction. 劳动合同履行地不明确的,由用人单位所在地的基层人民法院管辖。
If a law provides otherwise, the law shall apply. 法律另有规定的,依照其规定。
Article 4 If a worker and his or her employer each are dissatisfied with the same award made by the labor dispute arbitration institution and file actions with the same people's court, the people's court shall combine the cases in one trial, in which the parties on both sides are both plaintiff and defendant, and for the claims on both sides, the people's court shall enter one ruling. In the process of litigation, if the party on either side withdraws the action, the people's court shall continue the trial based on the claims of the party on the other side. If the parties on both side file actions with people's courts with jurisdiction over the same arbitration award, the people's court that accepts later shall transfer the case to the people's court that accepts first.   第四条 劳动者与用人单位均不服劳动争议仲裁机构的同一裁决,向同一人民法院起诉的,人民法院应当并案审理,双方当事人互为原告和被告,对双方的诉讼请求,人民法院应当一并作出裁决。在诉讼过程中,一方当事人撤诉的,人民法院应当根据另一方当事人的诉讼请求继续审理。双方当事人就同一仲裁裁决分别向有管辖权的人民法院起诉的,后受理的人民法院应当将案件移送给先受理的人民法院。
Article 5 Where a labor dispute arbitration institution does not accept a labor dispute case on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction, and a party brings an action, the people's court shall proceed according to the following circumstances:   第五条 劳动争议仲裁机构以无管辖权为由对劳动争议案件不予受理,当事人提起诉讼的,人民法院按照以下情形分别处理:
(1) If the labor dispute arbitration institution is found upon examination to have no jurisdiction over the case, the people's court shall so notify as to enable the party to apply for arbitration to a labor dispute arbitration institution with jurisdiction. (一)经审查认为该劳动争议仲裁机构对案件确无管辖权的,应当告知当事人向有管辖权的劳动争议仲裁机构申请仲裁;
(2) If the labor dispute arbitration institution is held upon examination to have jurisdiction, the people's court shall so notify as to enable the party to apply for arbitration and notify the labor dispute arbitration institution in writing of the examination opinion; and if the labor dispute arbitration institution does not accept the application anew, and the party brings an action for the labor dispute matter, the people's court shall accept the case. (二)经审查认为该劳动争议仲裁机构有管辖权的,应当告知当事人申请仲裁,并将审查意见书面通知该劳动争议仲裁机构;劳动争议仲裁机构仍不受理,当事人就该劳动争议事项提起诉讼的,人民法院应予受理。
Article 6 Where a labor dispute arbitration institution makes a written non-acceptance award, decision or notice on the grounds that the matter which a party refers to arbitration is not a labor dispute, and if the party is dissatisfied and brings an action in accordance with the law, the people's court shall proceed according to circumstances:   第六条 劳动争议仲裁机构以当事人申请仲裁的事项不属于劳动争议为由,作出不予受理的书面裁决、决定或者通知,当事人不服依法提起诉讼的,人民法院应当分别情况予以处理:
(1) In case the action is a labor dispute case, it shall be accepted. (一)属于劳动争议案件的,应当受理;
(2) In case the action is not a labor dispute case, but belongs to another case under the jurisdiction of the people's court, it shall be accepted according to the law. (二)虽不属于劳动争议案件,但属于人民法院主管的其他案件,应当依法受理。
Article 7 When a labor dispute arbitration institution makes a written non-acceptance award, decision or notice on the grounds that the arbitration applicant has no standing, if a party is dissatisfied, brings an action in accordance with the law, and is found upon examination to have no standing, the people's court shall not accept the case, or dismiss the action, if the case has been accepted.   第七条 劳动争议仲裁机构以申请仲裁的主体不适格为由,作出不予受理的书面裁决、决定或者通知,当事人不服依法提起诉讼,经审查确属主体不适格的,人民法院不予受理;已经受理的,裁定驳回起诉。
Article 8 When a labor dispute arbitration institution makes a new award in order to correct an error in the original arbitration award, if a party is dissatisfied and brings an action in accordance with the law, the people's court shall accept the case.   第八条 劳动争议仲裁机构为纠正原仲裁裁决错误重新作出裁决,当事人不服依法提起诉讼的,人民法院应当受理。
Article 9 Where a matter arbitrated by a labor dispute arbitration institution is not within the scope of cases accepted by people's courts, and a party is dissatisfied and brings an action in accordance with the law, the people's court shall not accept the case, or dismiss the action, if the case has been accepted.   第九条 劳动争议仲裁机构仲裁的事项不属于人民法院受理的案件范围,当事人不服依法提起诉讼的,人民法院不予受理;已经受理的,裁定驳回起诉。
Article 10 If a party is dissatisfied with an award made by a labor dispute arbitration institution of advance payment of labor remuneration, work-related injury medical expenses, economic compensation or damages, and brings an action in accordance with the law, the people's court shall not accept the case.   第十条 当事人不服劳动争议仲裁机构作出的预先支付劳动者劳动报酬、工伤医疗费、经济补偿或者赔偿金的裁决,依法提起诉讼的,人民法院不予受理。
If the employer fails to perform the payment obligations in the above-mentioned award, and the worker applies for enforcement according to the law, the people's court shall accept the case. 用人单位不履行上述裁决中的给付义务,劳动者依法申请强制执行的,人民法院应予受理。
Article 11 Where a mediation record made by the labor dispute arbitration institution has taken legal effect, and a party on one side regrets and brings an action, the people's court shall not accept such a case; or shall make a ruling to dismiss the action, if it has accepted the case.   第十一条 劳动争议仲裁机构作出的调解书已经发生法律效力,一方当事人反悔提起诉讼的,人民法院不予受理;已经受理的,裁定驳回起诉。
Article 12 Where a labor dispute arbitration institution fails to make a decision on acceptance of a case or an arbitration award within the prescribed time limit, and a party concerned directly brings an action, the people's court shall accept such a case, except that there is any of the following causes of the pending arbitration:   第十二条 劳动争议仲裁机构逾期未作出受理决定或仲裁裁决,当事人直接提起诉讼的,人民法院应予受理,但申请仲裁的案件存在下列事由的除外:
(1) The case is transferred to another arbitration institution having jurisdiction. (一)移送管辖的;
(2) Service is being made or is delayed. (二)正在送达或者送达延误的;
(3) The result of another lawsuit or a disability appraisal conclusion is awaited. (三)等待另案诉讼结果、评残结论的;
(4) A hearing by the labor dispute arbitration institution is awaited. (四)正在等待劳动争议仲裁机构开庭的;
(5) The authentication procedure is started or another department is authorized to investigate and take evidence. (五)启动鉴定程序或者委托其他部门调查取证的;
(6) There is any other legitimate cause. (六)其他正当事由。
Where a party brings an action on the grounds that the labor dispute arbitration institution fails to make an arbitration award within the prescribed time limit, the party shall submit the acceptance notice issued by the labor dispute arbitration institution or any other document or proof of the acceptance of the arbitration application. 当事人以劳动争议仲裁机构逾期未作出仲裁裁决为由提起诉讼的,应当提交该仲裁机构出具的受理通知书或者其他已接受仲裁申请的凭证、证明。
Article 13 When a worker applies for a payment order to the people's court in accordance with paragraph 2, Article 30 of the Labor Contract Law and Article 16 of the Mediation and Arbitration Law, if the requirements of the Chapter 17 Procedure for Urging Debt Repayment of the Civil Procedure Law are met, the people's court shall accept the case.   第十三条 劳动者依据劳动合同法三十条第二款和调解仲裁法十六条规定向人民法院申请支付令,符合民事诉讼法第十七章督促程序规定的,人民法院应予受理。
Where a worker directly brings an action for a labor dispute after the people's court makes a ruling to terminate the procedure for urging debt repayment in which the worker applies for a payment order according to paragraph 2, Article 30 of the Labor Contract Law, the people's court shall notify him to firstly apply to the labor dispute arbitration institution for arbitration. 依据劳动合同法三十条第二款规定申请支付令被人民法院裁定终结督促程序后,劳动者就劳动争议事项直接提起诉讼的,人民法院应当告知其先向劳动争议仲裁机构申请仲裁。
Where a worker directly brings an action according to the mediation agreement after the people's court makes a ruling to terminate the procedure for urging debt repayment in which the worker applies for a payment order according to Article 16 of the Mediation and Arbitration Law, the people's court shall accept such a case. 依据调解仲裁法十六条规定申请支付令被人民法院裁定终结督促程序后,劳动者依据调解协议直接提起诉讼的,人民法院应予受理。
Article 14 Where any party adds a claim after the people's court has accepted a labor dispute case, if the said claim is indivisible with the labor dispute in suit, the said claim shall be tried together; if it is an independent labor dispute, the people's court shall notify the party involved to apply for arbitration with the labor dispute arbitration institution.   第十四条 人民法院受理劳动争议案件后,当事人增加诉讼请求的,如该诉讼请求与讼争的劳动争议具有不可分性,应当合并审理;如属独立的劳动争议,应当告知当事人向劳动争议仲裁机构申请仲裁。
Article 15 Where a worker directly brings an action with the employer's document of delinquent pay as evidence, for a claim which is irrelevant to any other labor relation dispute, there shall be deemed to be a dispute over delinquent labor remuneration, and the people's court shall accept the case as if there were an ordinary civil dispute.   第十五条 劳动者以用人单位的工资欠条为证据直接提起诉讼,诉讼请求不涉及劳动关系其他争议的,视为拖欠劳动报酬争议,人民法院按照普通民事纠纷受理。
Article 16 Where after a labor dispute arbitration institution has made an arbitration award, a party is dissatisfied with certain matters in the award and brings an action in accordance with the law, the labor dispute arbitration award shall be without legal effect.   第十六条 劳动争议仲裁机构作出仲裁裁决后,当事人对裁决中的部分事项不服,依法提起诉讼的,劳动争议仲裁裁决不发生法律效力。
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