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No. 1 of Four Model Cases of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the China Coast Guard of Severely Cracking down on Smuggling Crimes by Sea in Places Where No Customs Is Established: People v. Li [REDACTED] and Others (Smuggling of State-Prohibited Import and Export Goods)
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最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、海关总署、中国海警局联合发布4件打击海上非设关地走私犯罪典型案例之一：李某等走私国家禁止进出口的货物案
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【法宝引证码】
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- Legal document：
Judgment
- Procedural status：
Trial at First Instance
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| No. 1 of Four Model Cases of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the China Coast Guard of Severely Cracking down on Smuggling Crimes by Sea in Places Where No Customs Is Established: People v. Li [REDACTED] and Others (Smuggling of State-Prohibited Import and Export Goods) | | 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、海关总署、中国海警局联合发布4件打击海上非设关地走私犯罪典型案例之一：李某等走私国家禁止进出口的货物案 |
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| 1. Basic Facts | | 一、基本案情 |
| From November 2022 to April 2023, in conspiracy with overseas smugglers, Li [REDACTED] colluded with Zhang [REDACTED] and Hu [REDACTED] to operate a fishing boat to overseas waters to smuggle frozen meat products into the territory of China and arranged Zhou [REDACTED] and others to take charge of information liaison, unloading at the wharf, hiring of crew and workers, and standing-guard. By the aforesaid means, the gang smuggled, for five times, tripe, chicken feet, and other frozen meat products prohibited from import and export by the State, with a total quantity of 258.36 tons and a value of more than 10 million yuan (RMB, the same currency here and below). In particular, 111.36 tons of such frozen meat products were seized on the scene, with a value of more than 4.3 million yuan. On April 24, 2023, Li [REDACTED] and six other persons were captured in the process of smuggling. | | 2022年11月至2023年4月，李某与境外走私分子通谋，伙同张某、胡某某驾驶渔船至境外海域偷运肉类冻品入境，另安排周某等人负责信息联络、码头卸货、雇佣船员小工、站岗望风等。该团伙利用上述手法先后5次走私牛肚、鸡爪等国家禁止进出口的肉类冻品共计258.36吨，价值1000余万元（币种为人民币，下同）。其中现场查获111.36吨，价值430余万元。2023年4月24日，李某等7人在实施走私过程中被抓获。 |
| 2. Litigation Process | | 二、诉讼过程 |
| On December 8, 2023, the criminal investigation organ transferred the case where seven persons including Li [REDACTED], Zhang [REDACTED], and Hu [REDACTED] were suspected of smuggling state-prohibited import and export goods to the procuratorial organ for examination and prosecution. On December 29, 2023 and January 12, 2024, the people's procuratorate instituted a public prosecution against Li [REDACTED], Zhang [REDACTED], Hu [REDACTED], and four other persons respectively for a crime of smuggling state-prohibited import and export goods. On March 25 and May 24, 2024, the people's court rendered the judgment of first instance, ascertained that Li [REDACTED] and other persons were guilty of smuggling state-prohibited import and export goods, and sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from six years to one year with a fine ranging from 200,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan respectively, and confiscated the three boats as tools used in the crime of smuggling. After the judgment was pronounced, none of the seven defendants appealed and the judgment took legal effect. | | 2023年12月8日，侦查机关对李某、张某、胡某某等7人以涉嫌走私国家禁止进出口的货物罪向检察机关移送审查起诉。同年12月29日、2024年1月12日，人民检察院以走私国家禁止进出口的货物罪对李某、张某、胡某某等7人分别提起公诉。2024年3月25日、5月24日，人民法院作出一审判决，认定李某等人犯走私国家禁止进出口的货物罪，分别判处六年至一年不等有期徒刑，并处二十万元至一万元不等罚金，对用于走私的犯罪工具3艘船舶予以没收。宣判后，7名被告人均未提出上诉，判决发生法律效力。 |
| 3. Significance | | 三、典型意义 |
| (1) Whoever smuggles imported frozen products without national inspection and quarantine access certificates in a place where no customs is established shall be convicted and punished for a crime of smuggling state-prohibited import and export goods. Frozen products in foreign trade are mostly frozen meat products including frozen livestock and poultry products. In accordance with the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, the Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Administration of the Safety of Imported and Exported Food, and other relevant provisions, China has implemented a strict administrative system concerning food quality safety access and quarantine permit for the import of meat products. The overseas enterprises engaging in production of meat products should be subject to registration administration and the overseas exporters and agents should be subject to archival administration, with the lists of which should be publicized on a regular basis. Meanwhile, in accordance with the aforesaid provisions, animal products from epidemic areas are items prohibited from entering the country. For items meeting the entry conditions, the customs shall issue a "Quarantine Permit for Imported Animal and Plant Products" and complete the import formalities; and for items not meeting the relevant conditions, they are not allowed to be imported. Criminals' smuggling of frozen products in places where no customs is established for the purpose of seeking illegal interests not only disrupts the supervision order of the customs, but also seriously threatens food safety and the health of the general public. Since there are generally no conditions for cold chain transportation in the process of smuggling, the smuggled frozen products are perishable and prone to spoilage. The criminals conceal the overseas source of the frozen products and change the original packing, or the frozen products have unclear production date, shelf life, place of origin, and specifications. As a result, the frozen products that have expired and deteriorated or even with the risk of epidemics enter the market, carrying the risk of epidemic spread. Therefore, crimes of smuggling frozen products in places where no customs is established shall be severely punished. Article 1 of the Guiding Opinions of the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the China Coast Guard on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in Cracking down on Crimes of Cross-border Smuggling by Sea in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao (No. 141 [2021] of the General Administration of Customs, hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions") provides that any frozen products without a national inspection and quarantine access certificate that are smuggled into a place where no customs is established shall be determined as goods that the state prohibits importing and whoever commits a crime shall be convicted and punished for the crime of smuggling state-prohibited import and export goods. Whoever smuggles frozen products from an overseas epidemic area shall be convicted and punished in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (4), paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 11 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Smuggling (Interpretation No. 10 [2014], SPC, hereinafter referred to as the “Interpretation”). Whoever smuggles frozen products from an overseas non-epidemic area or those with uncertainty as to whether they are from an overseas epidemic area shall be convicted and punished in accordance with subparagraph (6), paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of Article 11 of the Interpretation. | | （一）对非设关地走私进口未取得国家检验检疫准入证书冻品的行为，应当以走私国家禁止进出口的货物罪定罪处罚。对外贸易中的冻品多为畜类和禽类等肉类产品的冷冻品。根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》、《中华人民共和国进出口食品安全管理办法》等规定，我国对肉类产品进口实行严格的食品质量安全准入和检疫许可证管理制度，对境外肉类生产企业实行注册管理，对境外出口商和代理商实行备案管理，并定期公布名单。同时，根据规定，来自疫区的动物产品属于国家禁止进境物。符合进境条件的，由海关签发《进境动植物检疫许可证》，办理进口手续；不符合相关条件的，不得进口。不法分子为牟取非法利益，通过非设关地走私冻品，不仅破坏了海关监管秩序，还严重威胁食品安全和人民群众身体健康。由于走私过程中一般不具备冷链运输条件，走私冻品易腐烂变质，不法分子隐瞒冻品境外来源，更换原有包装，冻品的生产日期、保质期、产地、规格不清，导致过期变质甚至有疫病风险的冻品流入市场，存在疫病传播风险。因此，必须严惩非设关地走私冻品犯罪行为。《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、海关总署、中国海警局关于打击粤港澳海上跨境走私犯罪适用法律若干问题的指导意见》（署缉发〔2021〕141号，以下简称《指导意见》）第一条规定，非设关地走私进口未取得国家检验检疫准入证书的冻品，应认定为国家禁止进口的货物，构成犯罪的，按走私国家禁止进出口的货物罪定罪处罚。其中，对走私来自境外疫区的冻品，依据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理走私刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》（法释〔2014〕10号，以下简称《解释》）第十一条第一款第四项和第二款规定定罪处罚。对走私来自境外非疫区的冻品，或者无法查明是否来自境外疫区的冻品，依据《解释》第十一条第一款第六项和第二款规定定罪处罚。 |
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