| Guiding Case No. 238 of the Supreme People's Procuratorate: People v. Wang [REDACTED]A (case of supervision of the filing of a defamation case) | | 检例第238号：王某甲诽谤立案监督案 |
| SPP Case No. 238 | | 检例第238号 |
| [Keywords] | | 【关键词】 |
| supervision of case filing, online defamation, seriously undermine social order, conversion from private prosecution to public prosecution, investigation and verification | | 立案监督 网络诽谤 严重危害社会秩序 自诉转公诉 调查核实 |
| [Key Points] | | 【要旨】 |
| Where on a victim's or his or her close relative's application for supervision of the filing of a case of defamation or any other crime that is handled only upon complaint, the people's procuratorate shall accept the application in accordance with the law and carry out investigation and verification. If the conditions for public prosecution such as "seriously undermining social order and the state's interests" are met, the people's procuratorate shall perform its duty to supervise case filing in accordance with the law. For an online defamation case, the people's procuratorate shall fully consider the features of online dissemination and the actual circumstances of the case, and accurately understand in accordance with the law the conditions for public prosecution, such as "seriously undermining social order and the state's interests." When handling a defamation case, the people's procuratorate shall strictly implement the system of reporting for approval to a higher procuratorate and supervise case filing in a regulated manner. | | 对于诽谤等告诉才处理的犯罪，被害人及其近亲属申请监督立案的，人民检察院应当依法受理并开展调查核实工作，符合“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”等公诉条件的，应当依法履行立案监督职责。对于网络诽谤案件，人民检察院应当充分考虑网络传播的特点和案件实际情况，依法准确把握“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”的公诉条件。人民检察院办理诽谤案件，应当严格落实报上级检察机关审批的制度，规范开展监督办案工作。 |
| [Basic Facts] | | 【基本案情】 |
| Defendant Wang [REDACTED]A, male, born in 1957, unemployed. | | 被告人王某甲。 |
| In 2005, Wang [REDACTED]A sued Tianjin [REDACTED] Company for the personal injury caused to him by the medical equipment produced by it, and Wang [REDACTED]B appeared in court to respond the suit as the litigation representative of the company being sued. After trial, the people's court determined that the medical equipment was a standard product and that Wang [REDACTED]A failed to prove that his illness was caused by the product, and dismissed Wang [REDACTED]A's claims. Wang [REDACTED]A did not appeal. In 2007, Wang [REDACTED]A applied for a retrial to the trial court and was notified by the court that his application was dismissed. In 2008, Wang [REDACTED]A reported to the State Food and Drug Administration that Tianjin [REDACTED] Company had fabricated clinical trial reports for the medical equipment it produced. The Public Complaints Office of the State Food and Drug Administration replied that Tianjin [REDACTED] Company had not fabricated the reports as alleged by Wang [REDACTED]A. In 2009, Wang [REDACTED]A reported issues with the original trial to a court at the next higher level. The higher court replied that as the original court correctly dismissed his claims, and he made an untrue report, he was expected to accept the judgment and cease filing public complaints. During the period, Wang [REDACTED]A published multiple articles on online platforms such as Tianya Club to defame Wang [REDACTED]B, the original trial judges, and food and drug regulatory staff, infringing upon their reputation rights and affecting their work and lives. | | 2005年，王某甲以天津某公司生产的医疗设备对其造成人身损害为由提起诉讼，王某乙以被诉公司诉讼代理人身份应诉。人民法院经依法审理，认定该医疗设备系合格产品，且王某甲不能证明其身体疾病系使用该产品所致，驳回王某甲的诉讼请求。王某甲未上诉。2007年，王某甲向原审法院申请再审，被法院通知驳回。2008年，王某甲向原国家食品药品监督管理局举报天津某公司生产的医疗设备伪造医院临床试验报告，原国家食品药品监督管理局信访办公室复函认定天津某公司不存在王某甲所举报的伪造医院临床报告的行为。2009年，王某甲向上一级法院举报原审问题，上级法院复函认为原审法院驳回诉讼请求正确，王某甲举报不实，希望其服判息访。其间，王某甲在天涯社区等网络平台发布多篇文章对王某乙、原审法官和食品药品监督管理工作人员进行污蔑，对当事人名誉权造成侵害，影响当事人正常工作、生活。 |
| ．．．．．． | | 2010年、2013年，王某乙先后两次向北京市东城区人民法院提起名誉权侵权之诉，法院审理后认定王某甲相关行为侵害了王某乙人格尊严，依法判决王某甲停止侵权、赔礼道歉、赔偿精神抚慰金。王某甲未履行生效判决义务，并在法院通知相关网络平台删除侵权文章后，继续在天涯社区、新浪博客等多家网络平台发布文章，谩骂诬陷王某乙、原审法院法官、东城区法院法官和食品药品监督管理工作人员。 |
| | 2019年3月，王某乙以王某甲涉嫌诬告陷害罪向北京市公安局东城分局报案，公安机关未予立案。2019年7月，王某乙以王某甲涉嫌诽谤罪向东城区人民法院提起自诉，被裁定驳回起诉。王某乙提出上诉，被二审法院裁定驳回。2020年1月，王某乙以王某甲涉嫌寻衅滋事罪向东城公安分局报案，公安机关未予立案。 |
| | 【检察机关履职情况】 |
| | 线索发现。2020年10月10日，王某乙因不服公安机关不予立案决定，向北京市东城区人民检察院申请监督立案。 |
| | 调查核实。由于本案时间跨度长、被诽谤人数较多，为依法准确履行监督职责，东城区人民检察院在受理线索后，按照《人民检察院组织法》、《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则》等相关法律规定，依法开展以下调查核实工作：一是听取申请人意见。了解到申请人曾通过名誉权侵权诉讼、向公安机关报案、提起刑事自诉等多种途径维护自身权益，但其民事判决未能得到有效执行、刑事报案公安机关不予立案、刑事自诉被法院驳回。二是调取法院诉讼卷宗材料并向承办法官了解民事诉讼和刑事自诉情况。经核实，关于民事诉讼，东城区人民法院曾于2010年8月、2013年2月两次受理王某乙诉王某甲名誉权纠纷案，均判决王某甲停止侵权行为，并在网站上连续刊登7日道歉声明消除影响、赔偿原告精神抚慰金。王某甲未履行生效判决，后经东城区人民法院通知相关网络平台，删除了侵权文章并于网站首页连续刊登判决主要内容。因缺少王某甲财产线索，王某乙撤回赔偿部分的执行申请，相关财产判项未得到执行。关于刑事自诉，两级法院均因缺少证明王某甲构成诽谤罪的证据，裁定驳回了王某乙的刑事自诉。三是向公安机关工作人员了解不立案理由，核实公安机关系以王某甲的行为不符合诬告陷害罪、寻衅滋事罪犯罪构成、案件应由人民法院管辖为由，两次作出不予立案决定。四是核实诽谤行为严重危害社会秩序的事实。东城区人民检察院运用智能化检索筛选辅助办案工具，查明王某甲在天涯社区、新浪博客等多个网络平台共计发布刊登文章80余篇，特别是在东城区人民法院作出侵犯名誉权判决后，王某甲仍在各大网络平台发布文章，诽谤王某乙、原审法院法官和食品药品监督管理工作人员，并将诽谤范围扩大至东城区法院法官和其他食品药品监督管理工作人员等多人，捏造内容涉及王某乙为“职业行贿人”，多次拉拢腐蚀公职人员导致司法腐败；国家机关包庇、纵容天津某公司生产、销售伪劣产品；多名公职人员贪污受贿、渎职犯罪、枉法裁判等虚假事实。相关文章发布后，共计引发16.8万人次的点击、浏览，其中点击、浏览量超过5000人次的6篇，最高达5万余人次；引发网民跟帖谩骂王某乙、承办法官和相关工作人员，对司法权威和政府公信力造成恶劣影响。 |
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