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| Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
| (No. 36) | | (第三十六号) |
| The Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China, revised and adopted at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on November 8, 2024, is hereby issued, and shall come into force on July 1, 2025. | | 《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议于2024年11月8日修订通过，现予公布，自2025年7月1日起施行。 |
| Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席 习近平 |
| November 8, 2024 | | 2024年11月8日 |
| Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国矿产资源法 |
| (Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on March 19, 1986; issued by Order No. 36 of the President of the People's Republic of China on March 19, 1986; and amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Revising the Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 21st Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on August 29, 1996; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Amending Some Laws adopted at the tenth session of the 11th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on August 27, 2009; revised at the 12th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on November 8, 2024) | | （1986年3月19日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通过 根据1996年8月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国矿产资源法〉的决定》第一次修正 根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第二次修正 2024年11月8日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议修订） |
| Contents | | 目 录 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Chapter II Mineral Rights | | 第二章 矿 业 权 |
| Chapter III Exploration and Mining of Mineral Resources | | 第三章 矿产资源勘查、开采 |
| Chapter IV Ecological Restoration of Mining Areas | | 第四章 矿区生态修复 |
| Chapter V Mineral Resource Reserves and Emergency Response | | 第五章 矿产资源储备和应急 |
| Chapter VI Supervision and Administration | | 第六章 监督管理 |
| Chapter VII Legal Liability | | 第七章 法律责任 |
| Chapter VIII Supplemental Provisions | | 第八章 附 则 |
| Chapter I General Provisions | | 第一章 总 则 |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of promoting the reasonable development and utilization of mineral resources, strengthening the protection of mineral resources and the environment, safeguarding the rights and interests of state owners of mineral resources and the lawful rights and interests of mineral right holders, promoting high-quality development of the mining industry, ensuring the safety of national mineral resources, and suiting the need to fully build a modern socialist country. | | 第一条 为了促进矿产资源合理开发利用，加强矿产资源和生态环境保护，维护矿产资源国家所有者权益和矿业权人合法权益，推动矿业高质量发展，保障国家矿产资源安全，适应全面建设社会主义现代化国家的需要，根据宪法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 This Law applies to exploration for and mining mineral resources, ecological restoration of mining areas, and other activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China and other marine areas under its jurisdiction. | | 第二条 在中华人民共和国领域及管辖的其他海域勘查、开采矿产资源，开展矿区生态修复等活动，适用本法。 |
| For the purposes of this Law, "mineral resources" means natural resources existing in solid, liquid, or gaseous states, formed through geologic function, and of utilization value. The list of mineral resources shall be determined and adjusted by the State Council. | | 本法所称矿产资源，是指由地质作用形成、具有利用价值的，呈固态、液态、气态等形态的自然资源。矿产资源目录由国务院确定并调整。 |
| Article 3 The development, utilization, and protection of mineral resources shall adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, implement the overall national security concept, coordinate development and security, consider both domestic and international laws, emphasize the importance of development, utilization, and protection, and follow the principles of security, conservation, intensiveness, scientific and technological support, and green development. | | 第三条 矿产资源开发利用和保护工作应当坚持中国共产党的领导，贯彻总体国家安全观，统筹发展和安全，统筹国内国际，坚持开发利用与保护并重，遵循保障安全、节约集约、科技支撑、绿色发展的原则。 |
| Article 4 Mineral resources are under the ownership of the state. The State Council exercises the ownership of mineral resources on behalf of the state. State ownership of mineral resources on or below the ground shall not change with the varying ownership or right to the use of the lands which the mineral resources are attached to. | | 第四条 矿产资源属于国家所有，由国务院代表国家行使矿产资源的所有权。地表或者地下的矿产资源的国家所有权，不因其所依附的土地的所有权或者使用权的不同而改变。 |
| People's governments at all levels shall strengthen the protection of mineral resources. Any entity or individual shall be prohibited from encroaching on or damaging mineral resources by any means. | | 各级人民政府应当加强矿产资源保护工作。禁止任何单位和个人以任何手段侵占或者破坏矿产资源。 |
| Article 5 Subject to this Law, exploration and mining rights shall be respectively acquired in accordance with the law to explore for and mine mineral resources. | | 第五条 勘查、开采矿产资源应当依法分别取得探矿权、采矿权，本法另有规定的除外。 |
| The state protects exploration and mining rights acquired in accordance with the law from violation and maintains production and work order in exploration and mining areas for mineral resources. | | 国家保护依法取得的探矿权、采矿权不受侵犯，维护矿产资源勘查、开采区域的生产秩序、工作秩序。 |
| Article 6 To explore for and mine mineral resources, a fee shall be paid in accordance with the relevant provisions issued by the state. The State Council may waive all or part of the fee according to circumstances. | | 第六条 勘查、开采矿产资源应当按照国家有关规定缴纳费用。国务院可以根据不同情况规定减收或者免收有关费用。 |
| Mining mineral resources is subject to resource tax in accordance with the law. | | 开采矿产资源应当依法缴纳资源税。 |
| Article 7 The state establishes and improves a geological survey system, strengthens basic geological surveys, and provides basic geological data for the exploration, mining, and protection of mineral resources. | | 第七条 国家建立健全地质调查制度，加强基础性地质调查工作，为矿产资源勘查、开采和保护等提供基础地质资料。 |
| Article 8 The state enhances policies and measures, increases support for the exploration, mining, trading, and reserving of strategic mineral resources, promotes the expansion of reserves and production capacity of strategic mineral resources, and facilitates the optimization and upgrading of strategic mineral resource industries to ensure the security of mineral resources. | | 第八条 国家完善政策措施，加大对战略性矿产资源勘查、开采、贸易、储备等的支持力度，推动战略性矿产资源增加储量和提高产能，推进战略性矿产资源产业优化升级，提升矿产资源安全保障水平。 |
| The list of strategic mineral resources shall be determined and adjusted by the State Council. | | 战略性矿产资源目录由国务院确定并调整。 |
| Specific strategic mineral resources determined by the State Council shall be mined protectively in accordance with the relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 对国务院确定的特定战略性矿产资源，按照国家有关规定实行保护性开采。 |
| Article 9 With regard to the exploration and mining of mineral resources, the state applies the principles of unified planning, rational geographical distribution, multi-purpose exploration, rational mining and multi-purpose utilization. | | 第九条 国家对矿产资源勘查、开采实行统一规划、合理布局、综合勘查、合理开采和综合利用的方针。 |
| The natural resources authority of the State Council shall, in conjunction with the development and reform, emergency management, ecology and environment, industry and information technology, water administration, energy, mine safety oversight, and other relevant authorities of the State Council, prepare a national mineral resources plan based on the national development plan, national spatial plan, and geological survey results, among others, and implement it with the approval of the State Council or its authorized department. | | 国务院自然资源主管部门会同国务院发展改革、应急管理、生态环境、工业和信息化、水行政、能源、矿山安全监察等有关部门，依据国家发展规划、全国国土空间规划、地质调查成果等，编制全国矿产资源规划，报国务院或者其授权的部门批准后实施。 |
| The natural resources authority of a provincial people's government shall, in conjunction with relevant authorities, prepare a local mineral resources plan; with the consent of the people's government, it shall submit the plan for approval by the natural resources authority of the State Council before implementation. | | 省级人民政府自然资源主管部门会同有关部门编制本行政区域矿产资源规划，经本级人民政府同意后，报国务院自然资源主管部门批准后实施。 |
| The natural resources authority of a districted-city or county people's government shall, in conjunction with relevant authorities, prepare a local mineral resources plan based on the mineral resource status and actual needs within their administrative regions; with the consent of the people's government, it shall submit the plan for approval by the natural resources authority of the people's government at the next higher level before implementation. | | 设区的市级、县级人民政府自然资源主管部门会同有关部门根据本行政区域内矿产资源状况和实际需要，编制本行政区域矿产资源规划，经本级人民政府同意后，报上一级人民政府自然资源主管部门批准后实施。 |
| Article 10 The state strengthens the establishment of a strategic mineral resources reserve system and mineral resources emergency system, improving the capability to ensure the supply of mineral resources during emergencies | | 第十条 国家加强战略性矿产资源储备体系和矿产资源应急体系建设，提升矿产资源应急保供能力和水平。 |
| Article 11 The state encourages and supports scientific and technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological advances in exploring for, mining, and protecting mineral resources, ecologically restoring mining areas, and other fields, pursues digital, intelligent, and green development, and improves the scientific and technological level in fields related to mineral resources. | | 第十一条 国家鼓励、支持矿产资源勘查、开采、保护和矿区生态修复等领域的科技创新、科技成果应用推广，推动数字化、智能化、绿色化建设，提高矿产资源相关领域的科学技术水平。 |
| Article 12 An entity or individual that has made outstanding contributions to exploring for, mining, and protecting mineral resources and ecologically restoring mining areas or significant achievements in scientific and technological innovation in fields related to mineral resources or any other aspect shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with relevant provisions issued by the state. | | 第十二条 对在矿产资源勘查、开采、保护和矿区生态修复工作中做出突出贡献以及在矿产资源相关领域科技创新等方面取得显著成绩的单位和个人，按照国家有关规定给予表彰、奖励。 |
| Article 13 In mining mineral resources in national autonomous areas, the state shall give consideration to the interests of those areas and make arrangements favorable to the areas' economic development and to the production and well-being of the locals. | | 第十三条 国家在民族自治地方开采矿产资源，应当照顾民族自治地方的利益，作出有利于民族自治地方经济建设的安排，照顾当地群众的生产和生活。 |
| Self-government organs in national autonomous areas shall, in accordance with legal provisions and unified national plans, have the priority to develop and utilize in a rational manner the mineral resources that may be developed by the local authorities. | | 民族自治地方的自治机关根据法律规定和国家的统一规划，对可以由本地方开发的矿产资源，优先合理开发利用。 |
| Article 14 The natural resources authority of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant authorities, is responsible for the supervision and administration of exploring, mining, and protecting mineral resources, as well as ecologically restoring mining areas, and overseeing other related activities across the country. | | 第十四条 国务院自然资源主管部门会同有关部门负责全国矿产资源勘查、开采和矿区生态修复等活动的监督管理工作。 |
| The natural resources authority of a local people's government at or above the county level, in conjunction with relevant department, is responsible for the supervision and administration of exploring for, mining, and protecting mineral resources, ecologically restoring mining areas, and other local activities. | | 县级以上地方人民政府自然资源主管部门会同有关部门负责本行政区域内矿产资源勘查、开采和矿区生态修复等活动的监督管理工作。 |
| Agencies authorized by the State Council shall oversee the development, utilization, supervision, and administration of mineral resources by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. | | 国务院授权的机构对省、自治区、直辖市人民政府矿产资源开发利用和监督管理情况进行督察。 |
| Article 15 The state adheres to the policy of equality, mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation and actively promotes international cooperation in the field of mineral resources. | | 第十五条 国家坚持平等互利、合作共赢的方针，积极促进矿产资源领域国际合作。 |
| Chapter II Mineral Rights | | 第二章 矿 业 权 |
| Article 16 The state implements a system for paid acquisition of exploration and mining rights. | | 第十六条 国家实行探矿权、采矿权有偿取得的制度。 |
| Exploration and mining rights are collectively referred to as mineral rights. | | 探矿权、采矿权统称矿业权。 |
| Article 17 A mineral right shall be transferred by bidding, auction, quotation, or any other competitive means unless laws, administrative regulations, or provisions issued by the State Council permit its conventional transfer or otherwise creation. | | 第十七条 矿业权应当通过招标、拍卖、挂牌等竞争性方式出让，法律、行政法规或者国务院规定可以通过协议出让或者其他方式设立的除外。 |
| The State Council shall establish the authority to transfer mineral rights. The natural resources authorities of people's governments at or above the county level organize the transfer of mineral rights within their prescribed purview. | | 矿业权出让权限划分由国务院规定。县级以上人民政府自然资源主管部门按照规定权限组织矿业权出让。 |
| The transfer of mineral rights shall be integrated into a unified public resource trading platform and system in accordance with state provisions. | | 矿业权出让应当按照国家规定纳入统一的公共资源交易平台体系。 |
| Article 18 The natural resources authority of a people's government at or above the county level shall enhance overall arrangements for the transfer of mineral rights, streamline the process, improve efficiency, and ensure that the transfer suits the need to enhance exploration and mining of mineral resources. When transferring a mineral right, factors such as the characteristics of different mineral resources, minimum mining scale of the mine, environmental protection, and safety requirements shall be taken into account. | | 第十八条 县级以上人民政府自然资源主管部门应当加强对矿业权出让工作的统筹安排，优化矿业权出让工作流程，提高工作效率，保障矿业权出让工作与加强矿产资源勘查、开采的实际需要相适应。矿业权出让应当考虑不同矿产资源特点、矿山最低开采规模、生态环境保护和安全要求等因素。 |
| The state encourages entities and individuals to offer the sources of exploration right blocks available for transfer to the natural resources authorities of people's governments at or above the county level; if they meet the transfer conditions, the natural resources authorities of the relevant people's governments shall promptly arrange the transfer. | | 国家鼓励单位和个人向县级以上人民政府自然资源主管部门提供可供出让的探矿权区块来源；对符合出让条件的，有关人民政府自然资源主管部门应当及时安排出让。 |
| The natural resources authority of the State Council shall enhance guidance and supervision of mineral rights transfers. | | 国务院自然资源主管部门应当加强对矿业权出让工作的指导和监督。 |
| Any laws or administrative regulations that prohibit or restrict the mining of mineral resources within a certain area shall be complied with. | | 法律、行政法规规定在一定区域范围内禁止或者限制开采矿产资源的，应当遵守相关规定。 |
| Article 19 If a mineral right is transferred through competitive means, the natural resources authority transferring the mineral right ("mineral right transferor") shall announce in advance the basic information on the mineral right to be transferred, competition rules, transferee's technical capability, and other conditions, rights and obligations, and other relevant matters, and shall not treat market participants in an differentiated or discriminatory manner by imposing unreasonable conditions. | | 第十九条 通过竞争性方式出让矿业权的，出让矿业权的自然资源主管部门（以下称矿业权出让部门）应当提前公告拟出让矿业权的基本情况、竞争规则、受让人的技术能力等条件及其权利义务等事项，不得以不合理的条件对市场主体实行差别待遇或者歧视待遇。 |
| Article 20 When transferring a mineral right, the mineral right transferor shall sign a contract for the transfer of the mineral right in written form with the transferee determined in accordance with the law. | | 第二十条 出让矿业权的，矿业权出让部门应当与依法确定的受让人以书面形式签订矿业权出让合同。 |
| The contract for the transfer of the mineral right shall specify the mineral and area to be explored for or mined, the requirements for exploration, mining, ecological restoration of the mining area, and safety, the amount and payment method of proceeds of the mineral right transfer, the term of the mineral right, and other matters; if specific strategic mineral resources are involved, it shall also specify the relevant requirements for protective mining. The natural resources authority of the State Council shall compile a model contract for the transfer of the mineral right. | | 矿业权出让合同应当明确勘查或者开采的矿种、区域，勘查、开采、矿区生态修复和安全要求，矿业权出让收益数额与缴纳方式、矿业权的期限等事项；涉及特定战略性矿产资源的，还应当明确保护性开采的有关要求。矿业权出让合同示范文本由国务院自然资源主管部门制定。 |
| Article 21 The amount and payment method of proceeds of the transfer of a mineral right under the contract for the transfer of the mineral right shall comply with the provisions issued by the state on the collection of proceeds of mineral right transfers. | | 第二十一条 矿业权出让合同约定的矿业权出让收益数额与缴纳方式等，应当符合国家有关矿业权出让收益征收的规定。 |
| The finance authority of the State Council, in conjunction with the natural resources and taxation authorities of the State Council, shall develop measures for collecting proceeds of mineral right transfers, and implement them with the approval of the State Council. When formulating the measures, it shall base the measures on the characteristics of different mineral resources, follow the principles of facilitating safeguards for national rights and interests, encouraging exploration of mineral resources, and promoting the sustainable development of the mining industry, and extensively listen to advice from all stakeholders. | | 矿业权出让收益征收办法由国务院财政部门会同国务院自然资源主管部门、国务院税务主管部门制定，报国务院批准后执行。制定矿业权出让收益征收办法，应当根据不同矿产资源特点，遵循有利于维护国家权益、调动矿产资源勘查积极性、促进矿业可持续发展的原则，并广泛听取各有关方面的意见和建议。 |
| Article 22 To create a mineral right, an application for its registration shall be submitted to the mineral right transferor. If the registration conditions are met, the mineral right transferor shall enter the relevant matters in the register of mineral rights and issue a certificate of mineral rights to the mineral rights holder. | | 第二十二条 设立矿业权的，应当向矿业权出让部门申请矿业权登记。符合登记条件的，矿业权出让部门应当将相关事项记载于矿业权登记簿，并向矿业权人发放矿业权证书。 |
| Modifying, transferring, mortgaging, or extinguishing a mining right shall be registered in accordance with the law. | | 矿业权变更、转让、抵押和消灭的，应当依法办理登记。 |
| Creating, modifying, transferring, mortgaging, or extinguishing a mining right takes effect after being registered in accordance with the law, or does not take effect without registration unless otherwise provided by law. | | 矿业权的设立、变更、转让、抵押和消灭，经依法登记，发生效力；未经登记，不发生效力，法律另有规定的除外。 |
| The natural resources authority of the State Council shall develop specific measures for the registration of mineral rights. | | 矿业权登记的具体办法由国务院自然资源主管部门制定。 |
| Article 23 An exploration right holder enjoys the right to explore for relevant mineral resources and obtain a mining right in accordance with the law within the registered exploration area. | | 第二十三条 探矿权人在登记的勘查区域内，享有勘查有关矿产资源并依法取得采矿权的权利。 |
| A mining right holder enjoys the right to mine relevant mineral resources and obtain the mined mineral products within the registered mining area. | | 采矿权人在登记的开采区域内，享有开采有关矿产资源并获得采出的矿产品的权利。 |
| A mineral right holder has the priority of acquiring the mineral rights for other newly discovered mineral resources in the registered exploration and mining area in accordance with the law; the natural resources authority of the State Council shall develop specific measures. | | 矿业权人有权依法优先取得登记的勘查、开采区域内新发现的其他矿产资源的矿业权，具体办法由国务院自然资源主管部门制定。 |
| No other mineral rights shall be created within the registered exploration and mining area, unless the provisions issued by the State Council or the natural resources authority of the State Council permit the creation of mineral rights specific to certain minerals. | | 在已经登记的勘查、开采区域内，不得设立其他矿业权，国务院和国务院自然资源主管部门规定可以按照不同矿种分别设立矿业权的除外。 |
| Article 24 The term of an exploration right is five years. When the exploration right expires, it may be renewed for no more than three times, each time for five years and with the exploration area being reduced in accordance with applicable provisions, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations. | | 第二十四条 探矿权的期限为五年。探矿权期限届满，可以续期，续期最多不超过三次，每次期限为五年；续期时应当按照规定核减勘查区域面积。法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。 |
| The exploration right holder shall promptly explore in accordance with the contract for the transfer of the exploration right and report the relevant situation to the original mineral right transferor every year; if it fails to explore or substantively explore without good reason, the exploration right shall not be renewed when expiring. | | 探矿权人应当按照探矿权出让合同的约定及时开展勘查工作，并每年向原矿业权出让部门报告有关情况；无正当理由未开展或者未实质性开展勘查工作的，探矿权期限届满时不予续期。 |
| The term of a mining right shall be determined based on the mineral resource reserves and the scale of mine construction, and shall not exceed 30 years. When the mining right expires, and there are still mineral resources available for mining in the registered mining area, it may be renewed, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations. | | 采矿权的期限结合矿产资源储量和矿山建设规模确定，最长不超过三十年。采矿权期限届满，登记的开采区域内仍有可供开采的矿产资源的，可以续期；法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。 |
| If no application for renewal is made upon expiration, or renewal is denied in accordance with the law, the mineral right is extinguished. | | 期限届满未申请续期或者依法不予续期的，矿业权消灭。 |
| Article 25 After measuring mineral resources available for mining, the exploration right holder may apply for converting its exploration right into a mining right within the term of the exploration right, unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative regulations. The original mineral right transferor shall sign a contract for the transfer of the mining right with the exploration right holder to create a mining right. | | 第二十五条 探矿权人探明可供开采的矿产资源后可以在探矿权期限内申请将其探矿权转为采矿权；法律、行政法规另有规定的除外。原矿业权出让部门应当与该探矿权人签订采矿权出让合同，设立采矿权。 |
| If the exploration right cannot be temporarily converted into a mining right under special circumstances such as suiting the public interest and force majeure, the exploration right holder may apply for the retention of the exploration right, and the original mineral right transferor shall process the application for it. During the period of retention of the exploration right, the term of the exploration right shall be suspended. | | 为了公共利益的需要，或者因不可抗力或者其他特殊情形，探矿权暂时不能转为采矿权的，探矿权人可以申请办理探矿权保留，原矿业权出让部门应当为其办理。探矿权保留期间，探矿权期限中止计算。 |
| Article 26 Before the expiration of a mineral right, the original mineral right transferor may recover the mineral right in the public interest in accordance with the law, in which case fair, reasonable compensation shall be provided in accordance with the law. | | 第二十六条 矿业权期限届满前，为了公共利益的需要，原矿业权出让部门可以依法收回矿业权；矿业权被收回的，应当依法给予公平、合理的补偿。 |
| ．．．．．． | | ．．．．．． |
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