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| Order of the President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席令 |
| (No. 10) | | （第十号） |
| The Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity, as adopted at the 5th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on September 1, 2023, is hereby issued, and shall come into force on January 1, 2024. | | 《中华人民共和国外国国家豁免法》已由中华人民共和国第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议于2023年9月1日通过，现予公布，自2024年1月1日起施行。 |
| Xi Jinping, President of the People's Republic of China | | 中华人民共和国主席 习近平 |
| September 1, 2023 | | 2023年9月1日 |
| Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity | | 中华人民共和国外国国家豁免法 |
| (Adopted at the 5th Session of the Standing Committee of the Fourteenth National People's Congress on September 1, 2023) | | （2023年9月1日第十四届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过） |
| Article 1 This Law is enacted in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of improving the foreign state immunity system, specifying the jurisdiction of the courts of the People's Republic of China over civil cases involving foreign states and their property, protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned, safeguarding the sovereign equality of states, and promoting friendly relationships with foreign states. | | 第一条 为了健全外国国家豁免制度，明确中华人民共和国的法院对涉及外国国家及其财产民事案件的管辖，保护当事人合法权益，维护国家主权平等，促进对外友好交往，根据宪法，制定本法。 |
| Article 2 For the purposes of this Law, "foreign state" means: | | 第二条 本法所称的外国国家包括： |
| (1) a foreign sovereign state; | | （一）外国主权国家； |
| (2) a state organ or constituent unit of a foreign sovereign state; or | | （二）外国主权国家的国家机关或者组成部分； |
| (3) an organization or individual authorized by a foreign sovereign state to exercise sovereign authority and engaged in activities upon such authorization. | | （三）外国主权国家授权行使主权权力且基于该项授权从事活动的组织或者个人。 |
| Article 3 A foreign state and its property enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of the courts of the People's Republic of China, unless otherwise provided by this Law. | | 第三条 外国国家及其财产在中华人民共和国的法院享有管辖豁免，本法另有规定的除外。 |
| Article 4 A foreign state shall not enjoy immunity from jurisdiction in a proceeding before a court of the People's Republic of China with regard to a specific matter or case if it has expressly submitted, by any of the following means, to the jurisdiction of the court of the People's Republic of China with regard to the matter or case: | | 第四条 外国国家通过下列方式之一明示就特定事项或者案件接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖的，对于就该事项或者案件提起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免： |
| (1) An international treaty. | | （一）国际条约； |
| (2) A written agreement. | | （二）书面协议； |
| (3) Submitting a written document to the court of the People's Republic of China handling the case. | | （三）向处理案件的中华人民共和国的法院提交书面文件； |
| (4) Submitting a written document to the People's Republic of China through diplomatic channels and other means. | | （四）通过外交渠道等方式向中华人民共和国提交书面文件； |
| (5) Otherwise expressly submitting to the jurisdiction of the court of the People's Republic of China. | | （五）其他明示接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖的方式。 |
| Article 5 Under any of the following circumstances, a foreign state shall be considered to have submitted to the jurisdiction of a court of the People's Republic of China with regard to a specific matter or case: | | 第五条 外国国家有下列情形之一的，视为就特定事项或者案件接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖： |
| (1) Instituting a proceeding before the court of the People's Republic of China. | | （一）作为原告向中华人民共和国的法院提起诉讼； |
| (2) Participating in a proceeding instituted against it before the court of the People's Republic of China, and filing a statement of defense on the merits of the case or making a counterclaim. | | （二）作为被告参加中华人民共和国的法院受理的诉讼，并就案件实体问题答辩或者提出反诉； |
| (3) Participating in a proceeding before the court of the People's Republic of China as a third party. | | （三）作为第三人参加中华人民共和国的法院受理的诉讼； |
| (4) Being counterclaimed on the basis of the same legal relationship or facts as the principal claim brought by the foreign state or as the claim presented by the foreign state as a third party before the court of the People's Republic of China. | | （四）在中华人民共和国的法院作为原告提起诉讼或者作为第三人提出诉讼请求时，由于与该起诉或者该诉讼请求相同的法律关系或者事实被提起反诉。 |
| Where a foreign state falls under the circumstance specified in subparagraph 2 of the preceding paragraph, but it can prove that it could not have acquired knowledge of facts on which a claim to immunity can be based until after it filed the statement of defense, it may claim jurisdictional immunity within a reasonable time after it knows or should have known those facts. | | 外国国家有前款第二项规定的情形，但能够证明其作出上述答辩之前不可能知道有可主张豁免的事实的，可以在知道或者应当知道该事实后的合理时间内主张管辖豁免。 |
| Article 6 Under any of the following circumstances, a foreign state shall not be considered to have submitted to the jurisdiction of a court of the People's Republic of China: | | 第六条 外国国家有下列情形之一的，不视为接受中华人民共和国的法院管辖： |
| (1) It files a statement of defense for the sole purpose of claiming immunity. | | （一）仅为主张豁免而应诉答辩； |
| (2) A representative of the foreign state appears before the court of the People's Republic of China as a witness. | | （二）外国国家的代表在中华人民共和国的法院出庭作证； |
| (3) It consents to the application of the law of the People's Republic of China to a specific matter or case. | | （三）同意在特定事项或者案件中适用中华人民共和国的法律。 |
| Article 7 A foreign state shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of a court of the People's Republic of China in a proceeding arising out of a commercial activity between the foreign state and an organization or individual of another state including the People's Republic of China, which takes place within the territory of the People's Republic of China, or takes place outside the territory of the People's Republic of China but causes a direct effect within the territory of the People's Republic of China. | | 第七条 外国国家与包括中华人民共和国在内的其他国家的组织或者个人进行的商业活动，在中华人民共和国领域内发生，或者虽然发生在中华人民共和国领域外但在中华人民共和国领域内产生直接影响的，对于该商业活动引起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免。 |
| For the purposes of this Law, "commercial activity" means any transaction in goods or services, investment, loan, or other act of a commercial nature, which is not an exercise of sovereign authority. In determining whether an act is a commercial activity, a court of the People's Republic of China shall take into account the nature and purpose of the act. | | 本法所称商业活动是指非行使主权权力的关于货物或者服务的交易、投资、借贷以及其他商业性质的行为。中华人民共和国的法院在认定一项行为是否属于商业活动时，应当综合考虑该行为的性质和目的。 |
| Article 8 A foreign state shall not enjoy immunity from the jurisdiction of a court of the People's Republic of China in a proceeding arising out of a contract which is entered into by the foreign state for procurement of labor or services provided by an individual and is performed, in whole or in part, within the territory of the People's Republic of China, except under any of the following circumstances: | | 第八条 外国国家为获得个人提供的劳动或者劳务而签订的合同全部或者部分在中华人民共和国领域内履行的，对于因该合同引起的诉讼，该外国国家在中华人民共和国的法院不享有管辖豁免，但有下列情形之一的除外： |
| ．．．．．． | | ．．．．．． |
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